User:Flea-15038/Sandbox

班尼特海藻是一种小型的红藻。与其属下的其他物种相同, 班尼特海藻 did not have significant differences in morphology throughout any phase of its life cycle.^[2] It can be distinguished from other members of its genus by its small size and by the structure of its reproductive organs.^[3] The overall structure of the alga is that of a blade with fine meshing.^[3] For much of the time it was extant, the alga was common.^[4]

The alga has only been found in two localities; both in or near Sydney Harbour. One was near the eastern part of Spectacle Island, where it was discovered between May 1 and May 15, 1855.^[5] The other was in a channel between Point Piper and Shark Island,^[5] where numerous specimens were collected in 1886.^[6]

Since the V. bennettiana's discovery, Sydney Harbour has been massively altered by human activities. These activities substantially increased the siltation level in Sydney Harbour. Fine-meshed alga species are especially vulnerable to this type of disturbance because the particulate matter can often clog the blade and prevent light necessary for photosynthesis from reaching the organism.^[3]

A search by Arthur Lucas in 1916 failed to find the species. Since it had been only found in two places, V. bennettiana went extinct by then. The causes were human disturbance, habitat destruction, and pollution.^[5] Searches along the entire coastline of New South Wales failed to locate the species.^[4]

Vanvoorstia bennettiana was, until an update in 2007, the only protist anywhere on the IUCN's Redlist.^[7]

• Vanvoorstia Bennettiana at the IUCN Red List
• Page at the Extinction Website including a picture

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任务：

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小夏威夷绿雀

IUCN灭绝生物更新界面

• 絕滅（EX, Extinct）
• 野外絕滅（EW, Extinct in the Wild）
• 可能絕滅（PE, Possible Extinct）
• 極危（CR, Critically Endangered）
• 瀕危（EN, Endangered）
• 易危（VU, Vulnerable）
• 近危（NT, Near Threatened）
• 無危（LC, Least Concern）
• 數據缺乏（DD, Data Deficient）
• 未評估（NE, Not Evaluated）

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Flea-15038/Sandbox
镰嘴管舌雀（英语：Drepanis coccinea） (Drepanis coccinea)，一种管舌鸟。
科學分類
界： 动物界 Animalia 門： 脊索动物门 Chordata 綱： 鸟纲 Aves 目： 雀形目 Passeriformes 亞目： 雀形亞目 Passeri 下目： 雀小目 Passerida 總科： 雀總科 Passeroidea 科： 雀科 Fringillidae 亞科： 管鸹亚科 Carduelinae
異名
Drepanididae Drepanidini Drepaniidae Drepanidinae

管鸹亚科或管舌鸟亚科(学名:Carduelinae)是雀形目雀科的一个亚科，是夏威夷的特有种。它们与朱雀属(学名:Carpodacus)关系密切。其丰富的形态多样性是处于封闭的岛屿中辐射适应所致。^[94][95]

在分子系统学被采用之前，管舌鸟的分类地位一直存在争议。有时它们被分类为独立的一个科，管鸹科(学名:Drepanididae)。^[96]而更多时候它们被认为是雀科的一个亚科。有时亦将它们作为一个分类至鹀科(学名:Emberizidae)。^[97][98]

管舌鸟亚科 Carduelinae

• Drepanidini（英语：Drepanidini）族
  • †Ciridops（英语：Ciridops）属 Newton, 1892 – 形似雀，以斐济榈属（英语：Pritchardia）植物的果实为食。
    • †安娜黑领雀 Ciridops anna Dole, 1879 绝灭(IUCN 3.1)^[99] (最后观察记录时间:1892年或1937年)
    • †硕腿管舌雀 Ciridops tenax Olson & James, 1991 (化石种)
  • Drepanis（英语：Drepanis）属 Temminck, 1820 – 有着向下弯曲的喙，食蜜。
    • †黑监督吸蜜鸟 Drepanis funerea Newton, 1894 绝灭(IUCN 3.1)^[100] (最后观察记录时间:1907年)
    • †夏威夷监督吸蜜鸟 Drepanis pacifica Gmelin, 1788 绝灭(IUCN 3.1)^[101] (最后观察记录时间:1898年)
    • 镰嘴管舌雀（英语：Drepanis coccinea） Drepanis coccinea Forster, 1780 易危(IUCN 3.1)^[102]
  • Himatione（英语：Himatione）属 – 有着细小的喙，食蜜。
    • 白臀蜜雀（英语：Himatione sanguinea） Himatione sanguinea Gmelin, 1788 无危(IUCN 3.1)^[103]
      • †莱岛蜜雀（英语：Himatione fraithii） H. (sanguinea) freethii 绝灭(IUCN 3.1)^[104] (最后观察记录时间:1923年)
  • 毛岛蜜雀属 Casey & Jacobi, 1974 – 有着细小而尖的喙，食虫。
    • †？毛岛蜜雀 Melamprosops phaeosoma Casey & Jacobi, 1974 File:Status iucn PE icon.svg 绝灭(IUCN 3.1)^[105] (最后观察记录时间:1923年)(可能绝灭, 2004年10月28日？)
  • 冠旋蜜雀属 Rothschild, 1893 – thin-billed nectarivore, favors Metrosideros polymorpha
    • 冠旋蜜雀（英语：Palmeria dolei） Palmeria dolei Wilson, 1891
• Hemignathini族
  • †Genus Aidemedia Olson & James, 1991 – straight thin bills, insectivores^[106]
    • †Aidemedia chascax Olson & James, 1991 – Oʻahu icterid-like gaper (化石种)
    • †Aidemedia lutetiae Olson & James, 1991 – Maui Nui icterid-like gaper (化石种)
    • †Aidemedia zanclops Olson & James, 1991 – sickle-billed gaper (化石种)
  • Genus Chlorodrepanis Olson & James, 1995 – pointed bills, insectivorous or nectarivorous
    • Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri Pratt, 1989 – Kauaʻi ʻamakihi
    • Chlorodrepanis flava Bloxam, 1827 – Oʻahu ʻamakihi
    • Chlorodrepanis virens Cabanis, 1851 – Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi
  • Genus Viridonia
    • †Viridonia sagittirostris Rothschild, 1892 – greater ʻamakihi (绝灭, 1901年)
  • †Genus Hemignathus Lichtenstein, 1839 – pointed or long and downcurved bills, insectivorous or nectarivorous
    • †Hemignathus affinis – Maui nukupuʻu (绝灭, 1995或1998年)
    • †Hemignathus hanapepe – Kauaʻi nukupuʻu (绝灭, 1998年)
    • †Hemignathus lucidus – Oʻahu nukupuʻu (绝灭, 1837年)
    • †Hemignathus vorpalis James & Olson, 2003 – Giant nukupu'u (化石种)^[107]
  • (Sub)Genus Heterorhynchus
    • Hemignathus wilsoni Rothschild, 1893 – ʻakiapolaʻau
  • Genus Magumma
    • Magumma parva Stejneger, 1887 - ʻanianiau
  • †Genus Akialoa Olson & James, 1995 – pointed, long and downcurved bills, insectivorous or nectarivorous
    • †Akialoa ellisiana Gray, 1859 – Oʻahu ʻakialoa (绝灭, 1940年)
    • †Akialoa lanaiensis Rothschild, 1893 – Maui Nui ʻakialoa (绝灭, 1892年)
    • †Akialoa stejnegeri Wilson, 1889 – Kauaʻi ʻakialoa (绝灭, 1969年)
    • †Akialoa obscura Cabanis, 1889 – lesser ʻakialoa (绝灭, 1940)
    • †Akialoa upupirostris – hoopoe-billed ʻakialoa (化石种)
  • Genus Loxops – small pointed bills with the tips offset a little horizontally, insectivores
    • Loxops caeruleirostris Wilson, 1890 – ʻakekeʻe
    • Loxops coccineus Gmelin, 1789 – Hawaiʻi ʻakepa
    • †Loxops ochraceus Rothschild, 1893 - Maui ʻakepa (绝灭, 1988)
    • †Loxops wolstenholmei Rothschild, 1895 – Oʻahu ʻakepa (绝灭, 1990年代)
    • Loxops mana Wilson, 1891 – Hawaiʻi creeper
  • Genus Oreomystis Wilson, 1891 – short pointed bills, browsers
    • Oreomystis bairdi Stejneger, 1887 – ʻakikiki
  • Genus Paroreomyza – similar to Oreomystis
    • Pareromyza Montana
      • †Paroreomyza montana montana Wilson, 1890 – Lānaʻi ʻalauahio (绝灭, 1937年)
      • Paroreomyza montana newtoni (Rothschild, 1893) – Maui Nui ʻalauahio
      • †Paroreomyza flammea (Wilson, 1889) – Molokaʻi creeper or kākāwahie (绝灭, 1963年)
      • †Paroreomyza maculata Cabanis, 1850 – Oʻahu ʻalauahio (可能绝灭, 1990年代早期？)
  • Genus Vangulifer – flat rounded bills, possibly caught flying insects
    • †Vangulifer mirandus – strange-billed finch (化石种)
    • †Vangulifer neophasis – thin-billed finch (化石种)
• Psittirostrini族
  • †Genus Chloridops Wilson, 1888 – thick-billed, Myoporum sandwicense and other hard seed specialist
    • †Chloridops kona Wilson, 1888 – Kona grosbeak (绝灭, 1894年)
    • †Chloridops regiskongi – King Kong grosbeak (化石种)
    • †Chloridops wahi – wahi grosbeak (化石种)
  • Genus Dysmorodrepanis Perkins, 1919 – pincer-like bill, possibly snail specialist
    • Dysmorodrepanis munroi Perkins, 1919 – Lānaʻi hookbill (绝灭, 1918年)
  • Genus Loxioides Oustalet, 1877 – finch-like, Fabales seed specialists
    • Loxioides bailleui Oustalet, 1877 – palila
    • †Loxioides kikuichi Olson & James, 2006 – Kauaʻi palila (化石种,可能于18世纪早期绝灭)
  • †Genus Orthiospiza – large weak bill, possibly soft seed or fruit specialist?
    • †Orthiospiza howarthi James & Olson, 1991 - highland finch (化石种)
  • Genus Pseudonestor – parrot-like bill, probes decomposing wood for insect larvae
    • Pseudonestor xanthophrys Rothschild, 1893 – Maui parrotbill
  • Genus Psittirostra – slightly hooked bill, Freycinetia arborea fruit specialist
    • †Psittirostra psittacea Gmelin, 1789 – ʻōʻū (可能绝灭, 1998年？)
  • †Genus Rhodacanthis – large-billed legume specialists^[108]
    • †Rhodacanthis flaviceps Rothschild, 1892 – lesser koa-finch (绝灭, 1891年)
    • †Rhodacanthis forfex James & Olson, 2005 – scissor-billed koa-finch (化石种)
    • †Rhodacanthis litotes James & Olson, 2005 – primitive koa-finch (化石种)
    • †Rhodacanthis palmeri Rothschild, 1892 – greater koa-finch (绝灭, 1896年)
  • Genus Telespiza Wilson, 1890 – finch-like, granivores, opportunistic scavengers
    • Telespiza cantans Wilson, 1890 – Laysan finch
    • †Telespiza persecutrix James & Olson, 1991 – Kauaʻi finch (化石种)
    • Telespiza ultima Bryan, 1917 – Nihoa finch
    • †Telespiza ypsilon James & Olson, 1991 – Maui Nui finch (化石种)
  • †Genus Xestospiza James & Oslon, 1991 – cone-shaped bills, possibly insectivores
    • †Xestospiza conica James & Olson, 1991 – cone-billed finch (化石种)
    • †Xestospiza fastigialis James & Olson, 1991 – ridge-billed finch (化石种)