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標準原子質量(英语:Standard atomic weight) (Ar, 標準) |
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鋰(原子量:6.941(2))共有10個已知同位素,質量數介於4-13之間,其中有2個是穩定的,其他都具有放射性。天然存在的鋰同位素有2個,分別是6Li和7Li,皆為穩定同位素,其中以7Li占天然鋰的大部分,豐度為92.41%。其他放射性同位素都不出現在自然界中,只有在實驗室製造出來過,且半衰期都極短,非常不穩定。一般来说,盐湖锂矿所含的锂-6比例多低于海洋背景水平,茶卡盐湖的尤其低;[2]方沸石所含的锂-6含量稍高于背景值。
符號 | Z | N | 同位素質量(u) [n 1][n 2] | 半衰期 [n 2] | 衰變 方式[3] | 衰變 產物 [n 3] | 原子核 自旋 | 相對豐度 (莫耳分率)[4][n 2] | 相對豐度 的變化量 (莫耳分率)[5] |
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激發能量[n 2] | |||||||||
3 Li | 3 | 0 | 7000303077500000000♠3.030775#[6] | p | 2 He | ||||
4 Li | 3 | 1 | 7000402719000000000♠4.02719(23) | 6977909999999999999♠91(9)×10−24 s [6987966112421661000♠6.03 MeV] | p | 3 He | |||
5 Li | 3 | 2 | 7000501254000000000♠5.01254(5) | 6978370000000000000♠37(3)×10−23 s [~6987240326473050000♠1.5 MeV] | p | 4 He | 3/2− | ||
6 Li | 3 | 3 | 7000601512279500000♠6.015122795(16) | 稳定 | 1+ | 0.0485(171) | [6998190000000000000♠0.019, 6998780000000000000♠0.078] | ||
7 Li [n 4] | 3 | 4 | 7000701600455000000♠7.01600455(8) | 穩定 | 3/2− | 0.9515(171) | [6999922000000000000♠0.922, 6999981000000000000♠0.981] | ||
8 Li | 3 | 5 | 7000802248736000000♠8.02248736(10) | 6999840299999999999♠840.3(9) ms | β− | 8 Be [n 5] | 2+ | ||
9 Li | 3 | 6 | 7000902678950000000♠9.0267895(21) | 6999178300000000000♠178.3(4) ms | β−, n (50.8%) | 8 Be [n 6] | 3/2− | ||
β− (49.2%) | 9 Be | ||||||||
10 Li | 3 | 7 | 7001100354810000000♠10.035481(16) | 6979199999999999999♠2.0(5)×10−21 s [6987192261178440000♠1.2(3) MeV] | n | 9 Li | (1−,2−) | ||
10m1 Li | 6986320435297400000♠200(40) keV | 6979370000000000000♠3.7(15)×10−21 s | 1+ | ||||||
10m2 Li | 6986769044713760000♠480(40) keV | 6979135000000000000♠1.35(24)×10−21 s | 2+ | ||||||
11 Li [n 7] | 3 | 8 | 7001110437980000000♠11.043798(21) | 6997875000000000000♠8.75(14) ms | β−, n (84.9%) | 10 Be | 3/2− | ||
β− (8.07%) | 11 Be | ||||||||
β−, 2n (4.1%) | 9 Be | ||||||||
β−, 3n (1.9%) | 8 Be [n 8] | ||||||||
β−, α (1.0%) | 7 He , 4 He | ||||||||
β−, SF (.014%) | 8 Li , 3 H | ||||||||
β−, SF (.013%) | 9 Li , 2 H | ||||||||
12 Li | 3 | 9 | 7001120537800000000♠12.05378(107)# | <6992100000000000000♠10 ns | n | 11 Li | |||
13 Li [7] | 3 | 10 | (13)# |
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氦的同位素 | 鋰的同位素 | 鈹的同位素 |