掸泰地体
掸泰地块，又称掸邦地块、滇缅马苏地块（Sibumasu massif）、滇缅马来亚地块（Sinoburmalaya massif），中国境内称为保山地块。位于缅甸东部掸邦的一个近南北向的长条形地体。北起中国云南保山，向南经过缅甸、泰国、马来半岛，南至苏门答腊岛，长4000km。[1]
概述
西侧以实皆断裂与缅甸中央盆地相邻；东侧以一个较宽的印支期造山带与印支地块和东马来地块分开。
地块基底仅出露于滇西和缅甸，在滇西称为公养河群，在缅甸称为昌马支超群，为一套砂泥质变质岩系。公养河群被含化石的上寒武统整合覆盖，而昌马支超群则与上寒武统不整合覆盖。盖层从上寒武统一直延续到三叠系，基本上是连续沉积，其上有少量侏罗、白垩纪红层。盖层的石炭、二叠纪沉积中含有冰水沉积和冷水动物群化石，说明本地块原本是冈瓦纳大陆的一部分。晚古生代二叠纪末从东冈瓦纳分离出来[2]，向北漂移，三叠纪末与印支地块碰撞[3]，成为欧亚板块的一部分。
掸泰地块在古特提斯洋中是一个跨越几个维度的列岛。因而可以分为几部分，具有不同的古地理历史。
The internal parts of Shan–Thai merged with Laurasia 265 Ma when the Nan-Uttaradit suture closed.[4]Oceanic basins separated the other elements of Shan–Thai until the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic Late Indochina Orogeny.[5]
The collision between India and Eurasia during the Oligocene and Miocene resulted in clockwise rotation of south-west Asia, severe deformation of south-east Asia, and the extrusion of Shan–Thai and Indochina blocks. These two blocks are still crisscrossed by the faults from this collision.[6]
参考文献
- Bunopas, Sangad; Vella, Paul. Geotectonics and Geologic Evolution of Thailand (PDF). National Conference on "Geologic Resources of Thailand: Potential for Future Development". Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok: 209–229. November 1992 [5 November 2017]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-03-28）.
- Chaodumrong, Pol; Xiangdong, Wang; Shuzhong, Shen. Permian lithostratigraphy of the Shan-Thai terrane in Thailand: revision of the Kaeng Krachan and Ratburi Groups (PDF). GEOTHAI'07 International Conference of Geology of Thailand: Towards Sustainable Development and Sufficiency Economy. Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok & Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Nanjing: 229–236. 2007 [5 November 2017].
- Fortey, R. A.; Cocks, L. R. M. Biogeography and palaeogeography of the Sibumasu terrane in the Ordovician: a review. Biogeography and geological evolution of SE Asia, 43-56 (PDF). Hall, R.; Holloway, J. D. (编). Biogeography and Geological Evolution of SE Asia. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers. 1998 [5 November 2017]. ISBN 90-73348-97-8. doi:10.1002/mmnz.20000760119. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-04-16）.
- Hirsch, F.; Ishida, K.; Kozai, T.; Meesook, A. The welding of Shan-Thai (PDF). Geosciences Journal. 2006, 10 (3): 195–204 [5 November 2017]. doi:10.1007/BF02910364.
- Metcalfe, I. Tectonic framework and Phanerozoic evolution of Sundaland (PDF). Gondwana Research. 2011, 19 (1): 3–21 [5 November 2017]. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2010.02.016.
- Metcalfe, I. Tectonic Evolution of the Malay Peninsula (PDF). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 2013, 76: 195–213 [5 November 2017]. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.12.011. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-01-27）.