Ki-pún lia̍p-chú
Tī lia̍p-chú bu̍t-lí-ha̍k tiong, ki-pún lia̍p-chú sī siōng ki-pún ê tan-ūi, in m̄ sī kî-thaⁿ ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ só͘ cho͘-sêng--ê. Ki-pún lia̍p-chú bo̍k-chêng tī phiau-chún bô͘-hêng ê kheng-khak chi hā, ū pau-koat ki-pún fermion kap ki-pún boson nn̄g lūi. Ki-pún lia̍p-chú kap-chò-hóe ē-sái hêng-sêng hok-ha̍p lia̍p-chú, phì-lūn-kóng ióng-chú, tiong-chú.
Hun-lūi
Fermion
Fermion ê spin sī pòaⁿ-chéng-sò͘, in ho̍k-chiông Fermi–Dirac thóng-kè. Ki-pún fermion ū nn̄g lūi: quark kap lepton.
Quark
Ū 6 chióng quark kap in tùi-èng ê antiquark. Quark koh ē-sái hun chòe saⁿ ê sè-tāi.
| Sè-tāi | Miâ | Kì-hō | Chit-liōng (MeV/c2) | J | B | Q (e) | I3 | C | S | T | B′ | Hoán-lia̍p-chú | Hoán-lia̍p-chú ê kì-hō |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tē 1 sè-tāi | up | u | 1.7 - 3.1 | 1⁄2 | +1⁄3 | +2⁄3 | +1⁄2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | antiup |  |
| down | d | 4.1 - 5.7 | 1⁄2 | +1⁄3 | −1⁄3 | −1⁄2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | antidown |  | |
| Tē 2 sè-tāi | charm | c | 1290+50 −110 | 1⁄2 | +1⁄3 | +2⁄3 | 0 | +1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | anticharm |  |
| strange | s | 100+30 −20 | 1⁄2 | +1⁄3 | −1⁄3 | 0 | 0 | −1 | 0 | 0 | antistrange |  | |
| Tē 3 sè-tāi | top | t | 172000±2200 | 1⁄2 | +1⁄3 | +2⁄3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +1 | 0 | antitop |  |
| bottom | b | 4190+180 −60 | 1⁄2 | +1⁄3 | −1⁄3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −1 | antibottom |  |
Lepton
Ū 6 chióng lepton kap in tùi-èng ê antilepton. Kî-tiong 3 chióng sī chah-tiān ê tiān-chú, muon, kap tauon, lēng-gōa 3 chióng sī neutrino. Lepton mā ē-sái hun chòe saⁿ ê sè-tāi.
| Sè-tāi | Miâ | Kì-hō | Q (e) | S | Le | Lμ | Lτ | Chit-liōng (MeV/c2) | pêng-kun sìⁿ-miā (s) | Hoán-lia̍p-chú | Hoán-lia̍p-chú ê kì-hō |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chah-tiān lepton | |||||||||||
| Tē 1 sè-tāi | tiān-chú | e− | −1 | 1⁄2 | +1 | 0 | 0 | 0.5109989461(31) | ún-tēng | iông-tiān-chú | e+ |
| Tē 2 sè-tāi | muon | μ− | −1 | 1⁄2 | 0 | +1 | 0 | 105.6583745(24) | 2.1969811(22)×10−6 | antimuon | μ− |
| Tē 3 sè-tāi | tauon | τ− | −1 | 1⁄2 | 0 | 0 | +1 | 1776.86(12) | 290.3(0.5)×10−15 | antitauon | τ− |
| Neutrino | |||||||||||
| Tē 1 sè-tāi | tiān-chú neutrino | νe | 0 | 1⁄2 | +1 | 0 | 0 | < 0.0000022 | m̄-chai | tiān-chú antineutrino | νe |
| Tē 2 sè-tāi | mu neutrino | νμ | 0 | 1⁄2 | 0 | +1 | 0 | < 0.17 | m̄-chai | mu antineutrino | νμ |
| Tē 3 sè-tāi | tau neutrino | ντ | 0 | 1⁄2 | 0 | 0 | +1 | < 15.5 | m̄-chai | tau antineutrino | ντ |
Boson
Boson sī ū chéng-sò͘ spin, ho̍k-chiông Bose–Einstein thóng-kè ê lia̍p-chú.
Gauge boson
Gauge boson ū 4 chióng, in hun-pia̍t sī 4 chióng ki-pún-la̍t ê môe-kài, saⁿ-chok-iōng ê kòe-têng ê-seng-tit ēng gauge lí-lūn lâi biâu-su̍t. Kî-tiong graviton sī lí-lūn ká-siat ê lia̍p-chú, ah-bōe hō͘ si̍t-giām chèng-si̍t.
| Gauge boson | Sò͘-liōng | Saⁿ-chok-iōng | Lia̍p-chú | gauge group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gluon | 8 | kiông-la̍t | quark | SU(3) |
| W+, W− kap Z0 Boson | 3 | jio̍k-la̍t | quark, lepton | SU(2) |
| kng-chù | 1 | tiān-chû-la̍t | quark, chah-tiān lepton | U(1) |
| graviton | ? | tiōng-le̍k | ? | ? |
Higgs boson
Higgs boson sī chi̍t chióng ū chit-liōng ê boson. Kap Higgs boson ū koan-hē ê Higgs ki-chè, ē-sái kái-soeh ki-pún lia̍p-chú án-chóaⁿ tit-tio̍h chit-liōng.