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Hafnium, 72Hf![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Hf-crystal_bar.jpg/220px-Hf-crystal_bar.jpg) |
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Hafnium_spectrum_visible.png/220px-Hafnium_spectrum_visible.png)
Spectral lines of hafnium (400–700 nm) |
Ki-pún sèng-chit |
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Miâ, hû-hō | hafnium, Hf |
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Gōa-hêng | steel gray |
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Hafnium tī chiu-kî-piáu lāi ê ūi-tì |
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Goân-chú-hoan | 72 |
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Goân-chú-liōng (±) | 178.49(2)[1] |
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Goân-sò͘ lūi-pia̍t | kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k |
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Cho̍k, hun-khu | 4 cho̍k, d khu |
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Chiu-kî | tē 6 chiu-kî |
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Tiān-chú pâi-lia̍t | [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 |
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per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 |
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Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit |
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Siòng | solid |
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Iûⁿ-tiám | 2506 K (2233 °C, 4051 °F) |
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Hut-tiám | 4876 K (4603 °C, 8317 °F) |
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Bi̍t-tō͘ (sek-un) | 13.31 g·cm−3 |
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12 g·cm−3 |
Iûⁿ-hoà-jia̍t | 27.2 kJ·mol−1 |
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Cheng-hoat-jia̍t | 648 kJ·mol−1 |
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Jia̍t-iông-liōng | 25.73 J·mol−1·K−1 |
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cheng-khì-apP (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k | tī T (K) | 2689 | 2954 | 3277 | 3679 | 4194 | 4876 |
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Goân-chú sèng-chit |
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Sng-hòa-sò͘ | 4, 3, 2, 1, −2 (an amphoteric oxide) |
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Tiān-hū-tō͘ | Pauling scale: 1.3 |
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Tiān-lī-lêng | 1st: 658.5 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1440 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 2250 kJ·mol−1 |
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Goân-chú pòaⁿ-kèng | empirical: 159 pm |
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Kiōng-kè pòaⁿ-kèng | 175±10 pm |
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Cha̍p-lio̍k |
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Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
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Siaⁿ-sok (sòe kùn-á) | 3010 m·s−1 (at 20 °C) |
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Jia̍t-phòng-tiòng | 5.9 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C) |
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Jia̍t-thoân-tō-lu̍t | 23.0 W·m−1·K−1 |
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Tiān-chó͘-lu̍t | 331 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
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Chû-sèng | paramagnetic[2] |
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Young hē-sò͘ | 78 GPa |
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Shear hē-sò͘ | 30 GPa |
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Bulk hē-sò͘ | 110 GPa |
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Poisson pí | 0.37 |
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Mohs ngē-tō͘ | 5.5 |
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Vickers ngē-tō͘ | 1520–2060 MPa |
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Brinell ngē-tō͘ | 1450–2100 MPa |
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CAS teng-kì pian-hō | 7440-58-6 |
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Le̍k-sú |
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Hō-miâ | after Hafnia. Latin for: Copenhagen, where it was discovered |
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Chhui-chhek | Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) |
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Hoat-hiān kap siōng chá ê tông-ūi-sò͘ | Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy (1922) |
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Chòe ún-tēng ê tông-ūi-sò͘ |
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Chú bûn-chiong: hafnium ê tông-ūi-sò͘ |
iso | NA | half-life | DM | DE (MeV) | DP |
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172Hf | syn | 1.87 y | ε | 0.350 | 172Lu | 174Hf | 0.162% | 2×1015 y | α | 2.495 | 170Yb | 176Hf | 5.206% | – | (α) | 2.2550 | 172Yb | 177Hf | 18.606% | – | (α) | 2.2449 | 173Yb | 178Hf | 27.297% | – | (α) | 2.0832 | 174Yb | 178m2Hf | syn | 31 y | IT | 2.446 | 178Hf | 179Hf | 13.629% | – | (α) | 1.8065 | 175Yb | 180Hf | 35.1% | – | (α) | 1.2828 | 176Yb | 182Hf | trace | 8.9×106 y | β− | 0.373 | 182Ta |
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Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed |
Hafnium sī 1 ê hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘. I ê goân-chú-hoan sī 72, hoà-ha̍k hû-hō sī Hf.