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| Ruthenium |
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| Pípè | /ruːˈθiːniəm/ (roo-THEE-nee-əm) |
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| Ìhànsójú | silvery white metallic |
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| Ìwúwo átọ̀mù Ar, std(Ru) | 101.07(2)[1] |
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| Ruthenium ní orí tábìlì àyè |
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| Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (Z) | 44 |
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| Ẹgbẹ́ | group 8 |
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| Àyè | àyè 5 |
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| Àdìpọ̀ | Àdìpọ̀-d |
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| Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì | Transition metal |
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| Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù | [Kr] 4d7 5s1 |
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| Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan | 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 |
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| Àwọn ohun ìní ara |
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| Ìfarahàn at STP | Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-phase |
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| Ìgbà ìyọ́ | 2607 K (2334 °C, 4233 °F) |
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| Ígbà ìhó | 4423 K (4150 °C, 7502 °F) |
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| Kíki (near r.t.) | 12.45 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid (at m.p.) | 10.65 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | 38.59 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of | 591.6 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 24.06 J/(mol·K) |
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pressure| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
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| at T (K) | 2588 | 2811 | 3087 | 3424 | 3845 | 4388 |
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| Atomic properties |
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| Oxidation states | −4, −2, 0, +1,[2] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.3 |
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 134 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 146±7 pm |
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 Color lines in a spectral rangeSpectral lines of ruthenium |
| Other properties |
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| Natural occurrence | primordial |
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| Crystal structure | hexagonal |
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| Speed of sound thin rod | 5970 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| Thermal expansion | 6.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 117 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | 71 n Ω·m (at 0 °C) |
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| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[3] |
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| Young's modulus | 447 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | 173 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | 220 GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | 0.30 |
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| Mohs hardness | 6.5 |
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| Brinell hardness | 2160 MPa |
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| CAS Number | 7440-18-8 |
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| Main isotopes of ruthenium |
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| Isotope | Abundance | Half-life (t1/2) | Decay mode | Product |
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| 96Ru | 5.52% | 96Ru is stable with 52 neutrons | | 97Ru | syn | 2.9 d | ε | - | 97Tc | | γ | 0.215, 0.324 | - | | 98Ru | 1.88% | 98Ru is stable with 54 neutrons | | 99Ru | 12.7% | 99Ru is stable with 55 neutrons | | 100Ru | 12.6% | 100Ru is stable with 56 neutrons | | 101Ru | 17.0% | 101Ru is stable with 57 neutrons | | 102Ru | 31.6% | 102Ru is stable with 58 neutrons | | 103Ru | syn | 39.26 d | β− | 0.226 | 103Rh | | γ | 0.497 | - | | 104Ru | 18.7% | 104Ru is stable with 60 neutrons | | 106Ru | syn | 373.59 d | β− | 3.54 | 106Rh |
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| references |
