Thành viên:Unpear/Danh sách các loài thú ở Florida

Cá heo, Thú Nước mặn của Bang;[1] Báo Florida, Động vật của Bang[2]Lợn biển, Thú Biển của Bang.[1]

Dưới đây là danh sách các loài thù hoang dã được tìm thấy ở Bang Florida, Hoa Kỳ. Tổng cộng, có 98 loài thú được biết trú ngụ, hoặc hiện đang trú trụ, trong bang và các vùng nước lân cận. Danh sách này bao gồm một số ít loài, như Thỏ đuôi đen và Nai đỏ, là những loài xuất hiện sau cuộc thực dân hoá Chấu Mỹ của người Châu Âu. Danh sách cũng bao gồm loài Hải cẩu thầy tu Caribe đã tuyệt chủng. Bộ gậm nhắm chiếm khoảng một phần tư tổng các loài, theo sát là các loài thú thuộc họ CetaceaCarnivora.

Các loài trong danh sách này được rút ra từ tác phẩm của Hội Các Nhà nghiên Cứu Thú Có Vú Hoa Kỳ, với thông tin được biên soạn từ năm ấn phẩm khác nhau.[3] Thông tin bảo tồn quốc tế được lấy từ Sách đỏ IUCN.


Thú ở Florida phân loại theo bộ

BộThành viênLoàiLoài bị đe doạ
ArtiodactylaĐộng vật guốc chẵn4
CarnivoraĐộng vật ăn thịt191
CetaceaCá voicá heo215
ChiropteraDơi182
CingulataCingulata1
DidelphimorphiaThú có túi ôpôt phổ biến1
LagomorphaThỏ, thỏ rừng và pika4
PrimatesVượn cáo, khỉ, và khỉ không đuôi1
RodentiaĐộng vật gậm nhắm231
SireniaĐộng vật ăn thực vật thủy sinh11
SoricomorphaChuột chù, chuột chũisolenodon5
Tổng cộng9810

Hướng dẫn đọc dữ liệu bảo tồn quốc tế

Các loài được chia thành 9 nhóm, thiết lập thông qua các tiêu chí như tốc độ giảm, kích thước quần thể, diện tích phân bố địa lý, mức độ quần thể và sư đứt đoạn phân bố. Bảng bên dướpi sắp xếp lại các kết quả trước 1994 để phản ánh hệ thống đánh giá hiện tại.

Ít bị tổn thươngBị de doạTuyệt chủngKhông đủ dữ liệu
Ít quan tâm
Sắp bị đe doạ
Dễ tổn thương
Nguy cấp
Cực kỳ nguy cấp
Tuyệt chủng trong tự nhiên
Tuyệt chủng
Thiếu dữ liệu
Không có đánh giá

Thú trên cạn

Loài ăn thịt

Gấn đen.

Sói đồng cỏ Bắc Mỹ đã đến phía Bắc Florida vào những năm 1970 để mở rộng địa bàn tự nhiên của mình. Sự phóng thích bất hợp pháp cũng là nhân tố góp phần vào sự xâm chiếm của chúng trong bang. Loài chó sói đồng cỏ có khả năng thích nghi cực tốt, chúng có thể sinh tồn trong bất kì khu rừng hay đồn điền nào.[4]

Florida có hai loài cáo. Loài cáo xám bản địa có thể được tìm thấy gần như là bất cứ đâu ở Hoa Kỳ, ngoại trừ vùng đồng bằng phía Bắc và núi Rocky. Chúng đôi khi bị nhầm lẫn với loài Cáo đỏ vì có các mảnh lông đỏ.[5] Loài cáo đỏ đã được đưa tới Florida bởi các hội săn bắn, dù có thể chúng tồn tại tự nhiên ở vùng "tay cầm chảo" phía Bắc. Môi trường sống yêu thích của cáo đỏ là các vùng mở, trong khi cáo xám thích rừng cây hơn.[6]

Loài sói Canis lupus rufus tuyệt chủng trong từ nhiên từ năm 1980, đã từng rất phổ biến trên khắp miền Đông Nam Hoa Kỳ, bao gồm cả Florida. tuy nhiên, số lượng của chúng hiện đang tăng dần trong các khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên. Quần thể hiện tại là một phần nằm trong chương trình phục hồi năm 1997 to the Saint Vincent National Refuge;[7] once red wolf pups reach 18 months, they are relocated to the North Carolina portion of the program.[8]

Bobcats are well adapted to urban development and are not a conservation concern. They make their home in hammocks, forests or swamps.[9]

The Florida Panther (Puma concolor coryi) is one of the subspecies of cougar. Its main differences from other subspecies are longer legs, smaller size and a shorter darker coat. The skull of the Florida panther is broader and flatter with highly arched nasal bones.[10] Reportedly only seventy adult animals are alive,[11] and a 1992 study estimated that the subspecies would become extinct between 2016 and 2055.[12] It was chosen in 1982 as the Florida State Animal by the state's schoolchildren.[13]

It is believed that some Jaguarundis were unintentionally released in the wild in the 1940s.[14] There is no evidence besides witness accounts, and the existence of Jaguarandis in the state is dubious.[15]

Two of the eleven species of skunks live in Florida. Both the Eastern Spotted Skunk and the Striped Skunk can be found statewide (except for the Keys).

Small populations of the Everglades mink (Mustela vison evergladensis), a subspecies of Mink, are encountered near Lake Okeechobee, and in the Big Cypress Swamp-Everglades National Park area.[16]

Northern River Otters are a common sight close to freshwater streams across Florida. The population is increasing.[17]

Raccoons are prevalent in the lower 48 states, including Florida. Adaptable to almost all kinds of habitats, the animals are among the few who actually benefit from human development, since food becomes more available. Attacks by predators like the bobcat cause minimum mortality, and the main reason for raccoon deaths is considered to be car accidents.[18] They are regarded as predators of sea turtles nests.[19]

All bears in Florida are part of the subspecies Ursus americanus floridanus. Differences between subspecies are very small; the Florida black bear differs from other subspecies by its highly arched forehead and its long and narrow braincase.[20] Estimates for 2002 indicated the number of bears statewide to be between 2,000 and 3,200 individuals, indicating an increase from the previous census in 1998. The biggest cause of concern is roadkill, although the rates of mortality are equivalent to other areas in the country.[21]

NameSpecies/AuthorityOrderFamilyASM state status and native range[3]Red List
Coyote
Canis latrans
Say, 1823
CarnivoraCanidaeuncommon or locally common statewide.
7
[22]
Feral Domestic Dog
Canis familiaris
Linnaeus, 1758
CarnivoraCanidaelocally common; escaped or released statewide.
0
Gray Fox
Urocyon cinereoargenteus
(Schreber, 1775)
CarnivoraCanidaeuncommon or locally common statewide.
7
[23]
Red Fox
Vulpes vulpes
Linnaeus, 1758
CarnivoraCanidaeuncommon or locally common statewide.
7
[24]
Red Wolf
Canis rufus
Audubon & Bachman, 1851
CarnivoraCanidaerare, introduced on Saint Vincent Island.
3
[25]
Bobcat
Lynx rufus
(Schreber, 1777)
CarnivoraFelidaecommon; Peninsula and Northern Keys.
7
[26]
Cougar
Puma concolor
(Linnaeus, 1771)
CarnivoraFelidaerare, restricted to Green Swamp and Big Cypress areas in SW peninsula.
6
[27]
Feral Domestic Cat
Felis catus
Schreber, 1775
CarnivoraFelidaeabundant; escaped or released statewide.
0
Jaguarundi
Herpailurus yaguarondi
(Lacépède, 1809)
CarnivoraFelidaepossibly introduced to the northern two thirds of peninsula.
7
[28]
Eastern Spotted Skunk
Spilogale putorius
(Linnaeus, 1758)
CarnivoraMephitidaecommon; statewide except northeast corner and Keys.
7
[29]
Striped Skunk
Mephitis mephitis
(Schreber, 1776)
CarnivoraMephitidaecommon; statewide except Keys.
7
[30]
Long-Tailed Weasel
Mustela frenata
Lichtenstein, 1831
CarnivoraMustelidaerare; statewide except Everglades and Keys.
7
[31]
Mink
Mustela vison
Schreber, 1777
CarnivoraMustelidaerare; coastal marshes in west Panhandle, Big Bend area, northeast area, and Everglades.
7
[32]
Northern River Otter
Lontra canadensis
(Schreber, 1777)
CarnivoraMustelidaelocally common, mostly freshwater habitats, primarily rivers and streams, statewide except Keys.
7
[33]
Common Raccoon
Procyon lotor
(Linnaeus, 1758)
CarnivoraProcyonidaeabundant, statewide.
7
[34]
American Black Bear
Ursus americanus
Pallas, 1780
CarnivoraUrsidaerare or uncommon; localized populations statewide except Keys.
7
[35]

Chiroptera

Of the species listed below, 13 are confirmed to be resident species; all of them are insectivorous. Five species had very low numbers reported and can be classified as accidental species: Indiana Bat, Artibeus jamaicensis, Little Brown Bat, Northern Long-eared Myotis and the Silver-haired Bat. Some bats not in this list, but with reported sightings in the Lower Keys, are the Buffy Flower Bat, Cuban Flower Bat and Cuban Fig-eating Bat.[36]

Bats can be classified in two groups by their roosting habits: solitary and colony-roosting bats.

Solitary bats prefer to live in leaves, palm fronds and Spanish moss. Resident bats in this category are theEastern Red Bat, the Northern Yellow Bat and the Seminole Bat. Hoary Bats are not considered residents because they migrate to Mexico and South America to spend the winter.[37]

The remaining species are considered to be colony-roosting bats. Darker than their solitary counterparts and less furry, these bats prefer to live under bridges, in tree holes or caves. Only 3 Florida species live in caves: the Eastern Pipistrelle, the Gray Bat and the Southeastern Myotis. Florida has the highest concentration of Southeastern Myotis in the world.[37]

The greatest threat to bats in Florida is the disturbance or destruction of roost sites, due to vandalism or urban development.[37]

NameSpecies/AuthorityOrderFamilyASM state status and native range[3]Red List
Velvety Free-tailed BatMolossus molossus
(Pallas, 1766)
ChiropteraMolossidaerare; Lower Keys.
7
[38]
Mexican Free-tailed Bat
Tadarida brasiliensis
(I. Geoffroy, 1824)
ChiropteraMolossidaecommon, statewide except for Keys.
6
[39]
Wagner's Bonneted BatEumops glaucinus
(Wagner, 1843)
ChiropteraMolossidaerare, found only in the Miami and Coral Gables area.
7
[40]
Jamaican Fruit BatArtibeus jamaicensis
Leach, 1821
ChiropteraPhyllostomidaerare, Lower Keys only
7
[41]
Big Brown Bat
Eptesicus fuscus
(Beauvois, 1796)
ChiropteraVespertilionidaecommon statewide except for Keys.
7
[42]
Eastern Pipistrelle
Pipistrellus subflavus
(F. Cuvier, 1832)
ChiropteraVespertilionidaeuncommon; panhandle and northern half of peninsula.
7
[43]
Eastern Red Bat
Lasiurus borealis
(Müller, 1776)
ChiropteraVespertilionidaeuncommon; panhandle and northern quarter of peninsula.
7
[44]
Evening Bat
Nycticeius humeralis
(Rafinesque, 1818)
ChiropteraVespertilionidaecommon; statewide except for Keys.
7
[45]
Gray Bat
Myotis grisescens
A.H. Howell, 1909
ChiropteraVespertilionidaerare, known only from panhandle, Marianna area.
4
[46]
Hoary Bat
Lasiurus cinereus
(Beauvois, 1796)
ChiropteraVespertilionidaeuncommon, panhandle and northern half of peninsula.
7
[47]
Indiana Bat
Myotis sodalis
Miller & Allen, 1928
ChiropteraVespertilionidaerare, known only from panhandle, Marianna and Jackson counties.
4
[48]
Little Brown Bat
Myotis lucifugus
(La Conte, 1831)
ChiropteraVespertilionidaerare, known only from panhandle and Okaloosa County .
7
[49]
Northern Long-eared Myotis
Myotis septentrionalis
(Trouessart, 1897)
ChiropteraVespertilionidaerare, known only from panhandle, Marianna and Jackson counties.
7
[50]
Northern Yellow BatLasiurus intermedius
H. Allen, 1862
ChiropteraVespertilionidaecommon statewide except southern tip of peninsula and Keys.
7
[51]
Rafinesque's Big-Eared Bat
Plecotus rafinesquii
Lesson, 1827
ChiropteraVespertilionidaerare, statewide except southern tip of peninsula and Keys.
5
[52]
Seminole BatLasiurus seminolus
(Rhoads, 1895)
ChiropteraVespertilionidaecommon, statewide except southern tip of peninsula and Keys.
7
[53]
Silver-haired Bat
Lasionycteris noctivagans
(La Conte, 1831)
ChiropteraVespertilionidaerare; known only from north Santa Rosa County and possibly north Nassau County.
7
[54]
Southeastern Myotis
Myotis austroriparius
(Rhoads, 1897)
ChiropteraVespertilionidaecommon; cave habitats in panhandle and, disjunct, northeastern and northcentral peninsula.
7
[55]

Rodentia

Brown Rat.

Of the several species of rodents in Florida, the subspecies of Oldfield Mouse are the biggest conservation concern, along with the Florida Mouse. Six of eight subspecies of the Oldfield mouse (commonly named Beach Mice) are in endangered status, and one is extinct. Given causes for their demise is predators like cats and red foxes and destruction of their natural habitats.[56] The Florida Mouse is on the endangered species list because of destruction of their habitat. The mouse is the only mammal that is endemic to Florida. The rodent depends on the Gopher Tortoise (also endangered) for its survival, because it makes its burrows from Tortoise burrows, or in the absence of those, Oldfield mouse burrows.[57]

Non-native species brought in boats by colonizers are the House Mouse, Brown Rat and the Black Rat. Other non-natives are the Capybara, the Nutria and the Mexican Gray Squirrel.[58]

Not listed below, but with reported sightings, are the biggest rat in the world, the Gambian Pouched Rat, which arrived in 2002; and the Prairie Dog. Both are wild releases of animals kept as pets.[58]

NameSpecies AuthorityOrderFamilyASM state status and native range[3]Red List
American Beaver
Castor canadensis
Kuhl, 1820
RodentiaCastoridaecommon; panhandle and northern third of peninsula, except coastal areas.
7
[59]
Southeastern Pocket GopherGeomys pinetis
Rafinesque, 1817
RodentiaGeomyidaecommon; panhandle and northern half of peninsula.
7
[60]
Capybara
Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris
(Linnaeus, 1766)
RodentiaHydrochaeridaeintroduced; probably several small populations north of peninsula.
7
[61]
Oldfield Mouse
Peromyscus polionotus
(Wagner, 1843)
RodentiaMuridaerare; coastal dunes and dunes on some barrier islands; uncommon on panhandle and northern two thirds of peniinsula in dry, sandy, oldfields and grasslands.
7
[62]
Cotton Mouse
Peromyscus gossypinus
(Le Conte, 1850)
RodentiaMuridaecommon; statewide in forests and mixed forest/grasslands.
7
[63]
Eastern Harvest Mouse
Reithrodontomys humilis
(Audubon & Bachman, 1941)
RodentiaMuridaecommon; panhandle and northern two thirds of peninsula in oldfields, grasslands, and fields.
7
[64]
Florida Woodrat
Neotoma floridana
(Ord, 1818)
RodentiaMuridaeuncommon; panhandle, northern two thirds of peninsula and rare; Key Largo.
7
[65]
Florida MousePodomys floridanus
(Chapman, 1889)
RodentiaMuridaerare; central peninsula, mostly in habitats along central ridges.
5
[66]
Meadow Vole
Microtus pennsylvanicus
(Ord, 1815)
RodentiaMuridaerare; salt marsh in Cedar Key area of Gulf coast.
7
[67]
Golden MouseOchrotomys nuttalli
(Harlan, 183)2
RodentiaMuridaerare; panhandle and northern half of peninsula.
7
[68]
Hispid Cotton Rat
Sigmodon hispidus
Say & Ord, 1825
RodentiaMuridaecommon; statewide.
7
[69]
House Mouse
Mus musculus
Linnaeus, 1758
RodentiaMuridaecommon; statewide.
7
[70]
Marsh Rice Rat
Oryzomys palustris
(Harlan, 1837)
RodentiaMuridaecommon; statewide in saltmarsh and associated habitats.
7
[71]
Brown Rat
Rattus norvegicus
(Berkenhout, 1769)
RodentiaMuridaecommon; statewide.
7
[72]
Woodland Vole
Microtus pinetorum
(Le Conte, 1830)
RodentiaMuridaeuncommon; central portion of northern third of peninsula.
7
[73]
Black Rat
Rattus rattus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
RodentiaMuridaecommon statewide.
7
[74]
Round-tailed Muskrat
Neofiber alleni
True, 1884
RodentiaMuridaecommon; peninsula and isolated populations in Apalachicola and Okefenokee areas.
6
[75]
Coypu
Myocastor coypus
(Molina, 1782)
RodentiaMyocastoridaeintroduced; Duval County and panhandle populations; possibly established statewide except Keys.
7
[76]
Eastern Chipmunk
Tamias striatus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
RodentiaSciuridaeuncommon; northern half of western panhandle in mesic forest areas.
7
[77]
Eastern Gray Squirrel
Sciurus carolinensis
Gmelin, 1788
RodentiaSciuridaecommon; statewide except lower Keys.
7
[78]
Fox Squirrel
Sciurus niger
Linnaeus, 1758
RodentiaSciuridaerare; statewide except Keys; possibly extinct in southeastern peninsula.
7
[79]
Mexican Gray Squirrel
Sciurus aureogaster
F. Cuvier, 1829
RodentiaSciuridaeintroduced; established on Elliott Key.
7
[80]
Southern Flying Squirrel
Glaucomys volans
(Linnaeus, 1758)
RodentiaSciuridaecommon; statewide except Keys and possibly southwest peninsula.
7
[81]

Other orders

Key Deer.

The only native Artiodactyla is the White-tailed Deer. It is the most economically important hunting mammal in all of North America, and is one of the major prey animals of the Florida Panther. There were only about 20,000 deer in Florida during the late 1930s, and the species was almost extinct in South Florida due to a campaign to eliminate tick-borne diseases. Hunt restraining measures and purchases from other states were very successful bringing the population to more than 700,000 deer statewide. The smaller subspecies, Key Deer, lives only in the Keys and numbers around 800 animals.[82] Sambar Deers were introduced in 1908 as alternative game for hunters on Saint Vincent Island. The population is between 700 and 1,000 deers; 130 hunters are licensed per year, and each can kill up to two animals.[83] Some Red Deers were released from a hunting ranch around 1967 and may still exist as a small herd.[84]

Hogs found their way to Florida in 1539 with Spanish colonist Hernando de Soto. Florida has 12% of the three million hogs that roam in the US.[85] They are a popular hunting prey, but are regarded as a pest due to the damage they inflict to agriculture and environment. More than 21,000 hogs were killed in 1980 alone.[86]

All the confirmed Soricomorpha in Florida are nocturnal; the Black-tailed Jackrabbit—introduced as a training tool for racing greyhounds from 1930 to 1950; the native Eastern Cottontail, which can be found anywhere but in forests and coastal marshes; and the Marsh Rabbit, who prefers freshwater and brackish marshes. The subspecies Lower Keys Marsh Rabbit has the scientific name Sylvilagus palustris hefneri after Hugh Hefner—because research on the subspecies was financed in part by the Playboy Foundation.[87]

Three species of shrews are found across Florida. Two known subspecies are the Homosassa Shrew (Sorex longirostris eionis) and Sherman's Short-tailed Shrew, Blarina carolinensis shermanii.[88] One of their main predators is the cat. Completing the Soricomorpha are two species of moles.

The Rhesus Macaque was introduced to Florida in 1933, as props for Tarzan movies, and have established colonies after escaping from the set.[89] Charles River Laboratories, the world's biggest producer of lab animals, maintained a free-range colony until 1999, when they were forced to remove the animals after they destroyed parts of the mangrove forests in Key Haven.[90] Other primates with reported sightings not included in this list are Vervet Monkeys[91] and Squirrel Monkeys[92].

Cingulata are represented by the Nine-banded Armadillo, released in 1922 by a Marine who kept them as pets, but other accounts place them as having migrated from Texas. Subsequent introductions and fast breeding spread the species statewide.[86]

The Virginia Opossum is the only marsupial found in North America north of the Rio Grande River. It lives in wooded areas and can be easily found statewide.

NameSpecies AuthorityOrderFamilyASM state status and native range[3]Red List
Red Deer
Cervus elaphus
Linnaeus, 1758
ArtiodactylaCervidaeintroduced; single population in Highlands County.
7
[93]
Sambar deer
Cervus unicolor
Kerr, 1792
ArtiodactylaCervidaeintroduced on St. Vincent Island.
7
[94]
White-tailed deer
Odocoileus virginianus
Zimmermann, 1780
ArtiodactylaCervidaecommon statewide; rare in Keys.
7
[95]
Feral Pig
Sus scrofa
Linnaeus, 1758
ArtiodactylaSuidaecommon; statewide except Keys.
7
[96]
Nine-banded Armadillo
Dasypus novemcinctus
Linnaeus, 1758
CingulataDasypodidaecommon; statewide, except possibly some parts of Everglades.
7
[97]
Virginia Opossum
Didelphis virginiana
Kerr, 1792
DidelphimorphiaDidelphidaecommon; statewide.
7
[98]
Black-tailed Jackrabbit
Lepus californicus
Gray, 1837
LagomorphaLeporidaeintroduced; established in Homestead area.
7
[99]
Eastern Cottontail
Sylvilagus floridanus
(J.A. Allen, 1890)
LagomorphaLeporidaecommon; statewide except Keys.
7
[100]
Marsh Rabbit
Sylvilagus palustris
(Bachman, 1837)
LagomorphaLeporidaecommon; statewide.
7
[101]
Swamp Rabbit
Sylvilagus aquaticus
(Bachman, 1837)
LagomorphaLeporidaerare and unconfirmed; possibly present in Escambia County but no known records.
7
[102]
Rhesus Macaque
Macaca mulatta
(Zimmermann, 1780)
PrimatesCercopithecidaeintroduced; Ocala and Silver Springs area.
6
[103]
North American Least ShrewCryptotis parva
(Say, 1823)
SoricomorphaSoricidaecommon; statewide except for Keys.
7
[104]
Southeastern Shrew
Sorex longirostris
Bachman, 1837
SoricomorphaSoricidaeuncommon; north, south through Central Florida and on central ridge through southcentral.
7
[105]
Southern Short-tailed Shrew
Blarina carolinensis
(Bachman, 1837)
SoricomorphaSoricidaecommon; statewide except for Keys.
7
[106]
Eastern MoleScalopus aquaticus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
SoricomorphaTalpidaecommon; statewide except for Keys.
7
[107]
Star-nosed Mole
Condylura cristata
(Linnaeus, 1758)
SoricomorphaTalpidaerare; Okefenokee Swamp area and possibly in Leon County.
7
[108]

Florida marine mammals

Carnivora and Sirenia

West Indian Manatee.

Trichechus manatus latirostris is one of the two subspecies of the West Indian Manatee. This herbivorous aquatic mammal lives in rivers, springs and shallow coastal waters. It was designated the state marine mammal in 1975[109] and is protected by federal and state laws. Threatened by habitat loss, entanglements in fishing gear and crab traps, or by being asphyxiated or crushed by canal locks and flood gates, the most common cause for manatee deaths is being struck by boats, which caused one quarter of all deaths recorded since 1974. The highest count recorded by statewide surveys was 3,276 in 2001.[110]

Florida does not have seal colonies, but stray seals wash ashore in Florida occasionally. The most prevalent of those species have been the Common Seal and the Hooded Seal, although a Bearded Seal was seen in 2007.[111] The Caribbean Monk Seal was native to the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. Once a popular prey for Bahamas fishermen, their numbers diminished greatly in the 1800s. The last sighting of the species in Florida was in 1922, and specimens have not been seen anywhere since 1952.[112]

NameSpecies/AuthorityOrderFamilyASM state status and native range[3]Red List
Common Seal
Phoca vitulina
Linnaeus, 1758
CarnivoraPhocidaerare; east coastal marine areas to Central Florida.
7
[113]
Hooded Seal
Cystophora cristata
(Erxleben, 1777)
CarnivoraPhocidaerare; east coastal marine areas to Central Florida.
7
[114]
Caribbean Monk Seal
Monachus tropicalis
(Gray, 1850)
CarnivoraPhocidaeextinct.
1
[115]
West Indian Manatee
Trichechus manatus
Linnaeus, 1758
SireniaTrichechidaerare; coastal marine areas, but not usually north of the Suwannee River in the Gulf of Mexico; enters rivers and connected springs.
5
[116]

Cetacea

Sperm whale.

Of the several whales seen close to Florida, the most frequent visitor is the Atlantic Northern Right Whale. Named as such because they were the "right" whales to kill, their only known calving ground is located off the coasts of Georgia and Florida. Pregnant females migrate from feeding grounds located far north and deliver calves from mid December to March.[117]

The most common dolphin in the state is the Bottlenose Dolphin. Dolphins, like manatees, are vulnerable to red tide and have mass fatalities when one occurs.[118] Dolphins were designated the Florida State Saltwater Mammal in 1975.[119]

NameSpecies/AuthorityOrderFamilyASM state status and native range[3]Red List
Atlantic Northern Right Whale
Eubalaena glacialis
P.L.S. Müller, 1776
CetaceaBalaenidaeuncommon; coastal marine areas.
4
[120]
Bryde's Whale
Balaenoptera edeni
Anderson, 1878
CetaceaBalaenopteridaerare; coastal marine areas.
0
[121]
Fin Whale
Balaenoptera physalus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
CetaceaBalaenopteridaerare; coastal marine areas.
4
[122]
Humpback Whale
Megaptera novaeangliae
(Borowski, 1781)
CetaceaBalaenopteridaerare; coastal marine areas.
5
[123]
Minke Whale
Balaenoptera acutorostrata
Lacépède, 1804
CetaceaBalaenopteridaerare; coastal marine areas.
6
[124]
Sei Whale
Balaenoptera borealis
Lesson, 1828
CetaceaBalaenopteridaerare; coastal marine areas.
4
[125]
Atlantic Spotted Dolphin
Stenella frontalis
(G. Cuvier, 1829)
CetaceaDelphinidaerare; coastal marine areas.
0
[126]
Bottlenose Dolphin
Tursiops truncatus
(Montagu, 1821)
CetaceaDelphinidaecommon; coastal marine areas.
0
[127]
Common Dolphin
Delphinus delphis
Linnaeus, 1758
CetaceaDelphinidaerare; coastal marine areas.
7
[128]
False Killer Whale
Pseudorca crassidens
(Owen, 1846)
CetaceaDelphinidaerare; coastal marine areas.
7
[129]
Risso's Dolphin
Grampus griseus
(G. Cuvier, 1812)
CetaceaDelphinidaerare; coastal marine areas.
0
[130]
Orca
Orcinus orca
(Linnaeus, 1758)
CetaceaDelphinidaerare; coastal marine areas.
6
[131]
Spinner Dolphin
Stenella longirostris
(Gray, 1828)
CetaceaDelphinidaerare; coastal marine areas.
6
[132]
Rough-toothed Dolphin
Steno bredanensis
(G. Cuvier in Lesson, 1828)
CetaceaDelphinidaerare; coastal marine areas.
0
[133]
Short-finned Pilot Whale
Globicephala macrorhynchus
Gray, 1846
CetaceaDelphinidaeuncommon; coastal marine areas.
6
[134]
Striped Dolphin
Stenella coeruleoalba
(Meyen, 1833)
CetaceaDelphinidaerare; coastal marine areas.
6
[135]
Pygmy Sperm Whale
Kogia breviceps
(Blainville, 1838)
CetaceaKogiidaeuncommon; coastal marine areas.
7
[136]
Sperm Whale
Physeter macrocephalus
Linnaeus, 1758
CetaceaPhyseteridaerare; coastal marine areas.
5
[137]
Gervais' Beaked Whale
Mesoplodon europaeus
(Gervais, 1855)
CetaceaZiphiidaerare; coastal marine areas.
0
[138]
Cuvier's Beaked Whale
Ziphius cavirostris
G. Cuvier, 1823
CetaceaZiphiidaerare; coastal marine areas.
0
[139]
True's Beaked Whale
Mesoplodon mirus
True, 1913
CetaceaZiphiidaerare, Atlantic coastal marine areas south to Flagler County.
0
[140]

Tham khảo

Chung
  • Brown, L. N. (1997). Mammals of Florida. Miami, Florida: Windward Publishing.
  • Burt, W. H. (1976). A field guide to the mammals of America north of Mexico . Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Đã bỏ qua tham số không rõ |coauthors= (gợi ý |author=) (trợ giúp); |ấn bản= có văn bản dư (trợ giúp)
  • Nowak, R. M. (1991). Walker's mammals of the world . Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press. |ấn bản= có văn bản dư (trợ giúp)
  • Stevenson, H. M. (1976). Vertebrates of Florida, identification and distribution . Gainesville, Florida: University Presses of Florida. |ấn bản= có văn bản dư (trợ giúp)
  • Whitaker, J. O. (1998). Mammals of the Eastern United States . Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. Đã bỏ qua tham số không rõ |coauthors= (gợi ý |author=) (trợ giúp); |ấn bản= có văn bản dư (trợ giúp)
  • “State Lists:Mammals of Florida”. The American Society of Mammalogists. 22 tháng 5 năm 2001. Truy cập ngày 18 tháng 7 năm 2007.
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