Nitrohino

Ang nitroheno (Ingles: nitrogen; Espanyol: nitrógeno) ay isang elementong kimikal sa talahanayang peryodiko na sinasagisag ng simbolong N at nagtataglay ng atomikong bilang 7. Ito ay isang tamad at diatomikong gas na walang lasa, amoy o kulay sa pamantayang kundisyon. Binubuo ng nitroheno ang 78.1% ng atmospera ng Daigdig at ito ay isang bahaging elemento ng lahat ng buhay na tisyu at asido amino.

Nitrogen, ₇N

Liquid nitrogen (N2 at < −196 °C)
Nitrogen
Allotropes	tingnan ang § mga alatropo
Appearance	colorless gas, liquid or solid
Standard atomic weight Ar°(N)
	[14.00643, 14.00728] 14.007±0.001 (pinaikli)[1][2]
Nitrogen in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson – ↑ N ↓ P carbon ← nitrogen → oxygen
Atomic number (Z)	7
Group	15
Period	2
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[He] 2s2 2p3
Electrons per shell	2, 5
Physical properties
Phase at STP	gas
Melting point	(N2) 63.23[3] K ​(−209.86[3] °C, ​−345.75[3] °F)
Boiling point	(N2) 77.355 K ​(−195.795 °C, ​−320.431 °F)
Density (at STP)	1.2506 g/L[4] at 0 °C, 1013 mbar
when liquid (at b.p.)	0.808 g/cm3
Triple point	63.151 K, ​12.52 kPa
Critical point	126.21 K, 3.39 MPa
Heat of fusion	(N2) 0.72 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	(N2) 5.57 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	(N2) 29.124 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 37 41 46 53 62 77
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−3, −2, −1, 0,[5] +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (isang matapang na asidikong oksido)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 3.04
Ionization energies	1st: 1402.3 kJ/mol 2nd: 2856 kJ/mol 3rd: 4578.1 kJ/mol (more)
Covalent radius	71±1 pm
Van der Waals radius	155 pm
Mga linyang espektral ng nitrogen
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordiyal
Crystal structure	​hexagonal (hP4)
Lattice constants	a = 411.6 pm c = 673.4 pm (at t.p.)[6]
Thermal conductivity	25.83×10−3 W/(m⋅K)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Speed of sound	353 m/s (gas, at 27 °C)
CAS Number	17778-88-0 7727-37-9 (N2)
History
Discovery	Daniel Rutherford (1772)
Named by	Jean-Antoine Chaptal (1790)
Isotopes of nitrogen t b
Main isotopes Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 13N trace 9.965 min β+ 13C 14N 99.6% stable 15N 0.4% stable 16N synth 7.13 s β− 16O β−α<0.01% 12C
Kategorya: Nitrogen tingnan usapan baguhin | references

Maraming kompuwesto, tulad ng ammonia at asido nitriko, ay may nitroheno. Ang mga kemikal na ito ay umiikot sa ating ecosystem dahil sa Nitrogen Cycle na kung saan nagagamit ulit nating ang mga kimikal na ito.