Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder that can affect multiple organs. The lungs are affected most often (in 9 out of 10 cases in the UK). It is a noncaseating restrictive lung diseasee.

Sarcoidosis
Other names	Sarcoïdosis, sarcoid, Besnier–Boeck–Schaumann disease[1]
Chest X-ray showing the typical nodularity of sarcoidosis, predominantly in the hila of the lungs.
Pronunciation	sar-koy-DOH-sis
Medical specialty	Rheumatology, Immunology
Symptoms	Depends on the organ involved[2] Lungs: wheezing, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain[3] Skin: lumps, ulcers, discolored skin[3] Children: weight loss, bone pain, feeling tired[3]
Usual onset	20–50 years old More common in women[4]
Duration	Few years to long term[2][5]
Causes	Unknown[2]
Risk factors	Family history[4]
Diagnostic method	Based on symptoms and tissue biopsy[6]
Differential diagnosis	Tuberculosis, lymphoma, infectious mononucleosis, pulmonary eosinophilia[7]
Treatment	Ibuprofen, prednisone, methotrexate[8][9]
Prognosis	Mortality 1–7%[5]
Frequency	1.9 million with interstitial lung disease (2015)[10]
Deaths	122,000 with interstitial lung disease (2015)[11]

The cause is not known. Corticosteroids such as prednisone are often used to treat sarcoidosis. In some cases, methotrexate may be also used. Antimalarial drugs have also been used.^[12]

Sarcoidosis may involve the brain. If it does, it is called neurosarcoidosis. In some cases, pulmonary fibrosis is a complication of sarcoidosis.