List of countries in the 1910s

Wikimedia list article

This is a list of countries in the 1910s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1910 and 31 December 1919. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes widely recognized sovereign states, and entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.Template:List of sovereign states strapline

Contents:Top0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Sovereign states

Name and capital cityInformation on status and recognition of sovereignty

A


 Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan
Capital: Kabul
Widely recognized independent state from August 8, 1919.[1]

Albania (from November 28, 1912)
  • Independent Albania (from November 28, 1912 to February 21, 1914)
    Capital: Vlorë
  • Principality of Albania (from February 21, 1914)
    Capital: Durrës
Limited sovereignty for occupatio bellica by the Balkan League states. Recognized independent state de facto from July 29, 1913.[2][3]

Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Capital: Andorra La Vella
Widely recognized independent state.[4]

 Argentina – Argentine Republic
Capital: Buenos Aires
Widely recognized independent state

Armenia – Republic of Armenia (from May 28, 1918)
Capital: Yerevan
Widely recognized state.

Asir – Idrisid Emirate of Asir (from August 3, 1917)
Capital: Sabya
Widely recognized independent state

 Australia – Commonwealth of Australia
Capital: Canberra
Widely recognized independent state. Australia is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. Australia had two external territories:

Austria (from November 12, 1918)
Capital: Vienna
Widely recognized independent state.

 Austria-Hungary – Austro-Hungarian Empire (to October 31, 1918)[5]
Capital: Vienna and Budapest
Widely recognized independent state. Austria-Hungary had one concession:
  • Tientsin (to August 14, 1917)

Azerbaijan – Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (from May 28, 1918)[6]
Capital: Ganja and Baku
Widely recognized state.

B


 Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
Capital: Brussels
Widely recognized state. Belgium had one colony and one concession:

 Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan (to January 8, 1910)
Capital: Thimphu
Widely recognized state.

 Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia
Capital: Sucre
Widely recognized state.

Brazil – Republic of the United States of Brazil
Capital: Rio de Janeiro
Widely recognized state. Brazil was a federation of 20 states, one territory, and one federal district.[a]

 Bulgaria – Kingdom of Bulgaria
Capital: Sofia
Widely recognized state.

C


 Canada – Dominion of Canada
Capital: Ottawa
Widely recognized state. Canada is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom.

 Chile – Republic of Chile
Capital: Santiago
Widely recognized state.

China
Capital: Peking
Widely recognized state.

 Colombia – Republic of Colombia
Capital: Bogotá
Widely recognized state.

Costa Rica– First Republic of Costa Rica
Capital: San José
Widely recognized state.

 Crete – Cretan State (de jure to December 1, 1913)
Capital: Chania
Autonomous state of the Ottoman Empire; de jure until December 1, 1913.

 Cuba – Republic of Cuba
Capital: Havana
Widely recognized state.

Czechoslovakia – Czechoslovak Republic (from October 28, 1918)
Capital: Prague

D


 Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
Capital: Copenhagen
Widely recognized state. Denmark had two colonies and one dependency:
  • Danish West Indies (Colony)
  • Greenland (Colony)
  •  Iceland (Dependency to December 1, 1918)

 Dominican Republic – Dominican Republic
Capital: Santo Domingo
Widely recognized state.

E


 Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
Capital: Quito
Widely recognized state.

El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador
Capital: San Salvador
Widely recognized state.

Estonia
  • Republic of Estonia (from February 24, 1918)[7]
    Capital: Tallinn
  • Commune of the Working People of Estonia (from November 29, 1918 to June 5, 1919)
    Capital: Narva
Widely recognized state.

 Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire
Capital: Addis Ababa
Widely recognized state.

F


& Finland
Capital: Helsinki
  • Kingdom of Finland (from December 6, 1917 to July 17, 1919)
  • Republic of Finland (from July 17, 1919)
  • Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (from January 29 to May 5, 1918)

France – French Republic
Capital: Paris
Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, concessions and protectorates of France:

G


Georgia – Democratic Republic of Georgia (from May 26, 1918)
Capital: Tiflis
Widely recognized state. Immediately recognized by Germany and the Ottoman Empire.

Germany – German Realm
Capital: Berlin
Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, concessions and protectorates of Germany:
  •  German East Africa (Colony to November 25, 1918)
  • German Kiautschou (Concession to November 7, 1914)
  •  German New Guinea (Protectorate to June 28, 1919)
  • German Samoa (Protectorate)
  • German South-West Africa (Colony to June 28, 1919)
  • Kamerun (Colony to July 20, 1916)
  • Tientsin (Concession to August 1917)
  • Togoland (Protectorate to August 26, 1914)

 Greece – Kingdom of Greece
Capital: Athens
Widely recognized state.

 Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
Capital: Guatemala City
Widely recognized state.

H


Ha'il – Emirate of Jabal Shammar
Capital: Ha'il
Widely recognized state.

 Haiti – Republic of Haiti
Capital: Port-au-Prince
Widely recognized state.

Hejaz – Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz (from June 10, 1916)
Capital: Mecca
Widely recognized state.

Honduras – Republic of Honduras
Capital: Tegucicalpa
Widely recognized state.

Hungary
Capital: Budapest
  • First Hungarian Republic (from November 16, 1918 to March 21, 1919)
  • Hungarian Soviet Republic (from March 21 to August 1, 1919)
  • Hungarian People's Republic (from August 1 to 8, 1919)
  • Hungarian Republic (from August 8, 1919)
Unrecognized state from August 1 to 8, 1919.

I


Iceland – Kingdom of Iceland (from December 1, 1918)
Capital: Reykjavík
Widely recognized independent state. Still dependent from Denmark.

 Italy – Kingdom of Italy
Capital: Rome
Widely recognized state. Italy had four colonies and one concession:

J


 Japan – Empire of Japan
Capital: Tokyo City
Widely recognized state. Japan had three dependencies and two concessions:

Japan administered one League of Nations mandate:

  • South Seas Mandate (LON mandate from June 28, 1919)

K


Korea (to August 29, 1910, from April 11, 1919)
Capital: Hanseong
  • Korean Empire (to August 29, 1910)
  • Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (from April 11, 1919)
Widely recognized state. Annexed by Japan from August 29, 1910 to April 11, 1919.

L


& Latvia (disputed between two governments)
  • Republic of Latvia (from November 18, 1918)
    Capital: Riga
  •  Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic (from December 17, 1918)
    Capital: Riga, Dvinsk, and Rezhitsa
Widely recognized state.

 Liberia – Republic of Liberia
Capital: Monrovia
Widely recognized state.

 Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
Capital: Vaduz
Widely recognized state.

& Lithuania
Capital: Vilnius
  • Kingdom of Lithuania (from March 23 to November 2, 1918)
  • Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (from December 16, 1918, to February 27, 1919)
  • Republic of Lithuania (from February 16, 1918)
Widely recognized state.

 Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Capital: Luxembourg City
Widely recognized state. Limited sovereignty for occupatio bellica.

M


 Mexico – United Mexican States
Capital: Mexico City
    • Porfiriato (to May 25, 1911)
    • United Mexican States (from February 5, 1917)
Widely recognized state. Mexico had one territory:

 Monaco – Principality of Monaco
Capital: Monaco
Widely recognized state.

Mongolia - Great Mongolian State[8] (from December 29, 1911)
Capital: Niislel Khuree
Widely recognized state. Still dependent from China.

Montenegro
Capital: Cetinje
  • Principality of Montenegro (to August 28, 1910)
  • Kingdom of Montenegro (from August 28, 1910 to November 28, 1918)
Widely recognized state. Limited sovereignty for occupatio bellica to December 1, 1918.

 Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco (to March 30, 1912)
Capital: Fes
De jure sovereign state under French and Spanish protectorate from 1912.[9][10]

Mountain Republic - Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (from March 6, 1917)
Capital: Temir-Khan-Shura
Widely recognized state.

N


Riyadh / Nejd
Capital: Riyadh
  • Emirate of Riyadh (to 1913)
  • Emirate of Nejd and Hasa (from 1913)
Widely recognized state.

Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal
Capital: Katmandu
Widely recognized state.

 Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
Capital: Amsterdam
Widely recognized state. The Netherlands had two colonies and one possession:

 Newfoundland – Dominion of Newfoundland
Capital: St. John's
Widely recognized state. Newfoundland is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom.

New Zealand – Dominion of New Zealand
Capital: Wellington
Widely recognized state. New Zealand is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom. The following are territories of New Zealand:

 Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
Capital: Managua
Widely recognized state.

 Norway – Kingdom of Norway
Capital: Oslo
Widely recognized state. Norway had three possessions:

O


 Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
Capital: Constantinople
Widely recognized state. Ottoman Empire had one protectorate:
  • North Caucasian Emirate (from September 1919)

 Wadai – Sultanate of Wadai (to 1912)
Capital: Abeche
Widely recognized state.

P


 Panama – Republic of Panama
Capital: Panama City
Widely recognized state.

 Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
Capital: Asuncion
Widely recognized state.

Persia – Persian Empire
Capital: Tehran
Widely recognized state.

 Peru – Peruvian Republic
Capital: Lima
Widely recognized independent state.

Poland
Capital: Warsaw
Client / Puppet state of Germany until November 11, 1918. Widely recognized independent state from November 11, 1918.

 Portugal
Capital: Lisbon
Widely recognized independent state. The following are colonies, vassals and possessions of Portugal:
  • Cape Verde Islands (Colony)
  • Kongo - Kingdom of Kongo (Vassal to 1914)
  • Portuguese Macau (Colony)
  • Portuguese East Africa (Colony)
  •  Portuguese Guinea (Colony)
  • Portuguese India - Portuguese State of India (Colony)
  •  Portuguese Timor (Colony)
  • Portuguese West Africa (Colony)
  • São João Baptista de Ajudá - Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá (Possession)
  • São Tomé and Príncipe (Colony)

R


 Romania – Kingdom of Romania
Capital: Bucharest
Widely recognized state.

Russia
Capital: Saint-Petersburg
Widely recognized state. Russia had two protectorates, one concession and one autonomous grand duchy:
  • Bukhara (Protectorate)
  • Khiva (Protectorate)
  • Tientsin (Concession)
  • Finland (Autonomous grand duchy to December 6, 1917)

S


 San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
Capital: San Marino
Widely recognized state.

Serbia / Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
Capital: Belgrade
Widely recognized state. Limited sovereignty for occupatio bellica to December 1, 1918.

Siam – Kingdom of Siam (to December 1, 1918)
Capital: Bangkok
Widely recognized state.

 South Africa – Union of South Africa (from May 31, 1910)
Capital: Pretoria
Widely recognized independent state. South Africa is autonomous but still dependent from the United Kingdom.

Spain – Kingdom of Spain
Capital: Madrid
Widely recognized state. Spain had three possessions and three colonies:

Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu (to 1915)
Capital: Jolo
Widely recognized state.

 Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
Capital: Stockholm
Widely recognized state.

  Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
Capital: Bern
Widely recognized state.

T


Tibet (from 1912)
Capital: Lhasa
De facto independent state. Claimed by the Republic of China.

Transcaucasia – Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (from February 22 to May 28, 1918)
Capital: Tiflis
Widely recognized independent state.

U


 United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Capital: London
Widely recognized state. The following are colonies, territories, dependencies and protectorates of the United Kingdom:
  • Aden - Aden Protectorate (Protectorate)
  • Amoy (Concession)
  • Afghanistan - Emirate of Afghanistan (State under Treaty of Gandamak)
  • Ascension Island (Possession)
  • Bahama Islands (Crown colony)
  • Bahrain - State of Bahrain (Protectorate)
  • Baker Island (Uninhabited possession)
  •  Barbados (Crown colony)
  • Basutoland - Territory of Basutoland (Crown colony)
  • Bechuanaland - Bechuanaland Protectorate (Protectorate)
  • Bermuda (Crown colony)
  •   Bhutan - Kingdom of Bhutan (Independent state under Treaty of Punakha)
  • British East Africa - British East Africa Protectorate (Protectorate)
  • British Guiana (Colony)
  •  British Honduras (Crown colony)
  • British Leeward Islands - Federal Colony of the Leeward Islands (Crown colony)
  • British Somaliland (Crown colony)
  • British Western Pacific Territories (Crown colony)
  • British Windward Islands - Federal Colony of the Windward Islands (Crown colony)
  • Brunei - State of Brunei (Protectorate)
    Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan
  •  Ceylon (Crown colony)
  • Cyprus (Crown colony)
  • Egypt - Sultanate of Egypt (Protectorate from December 18, 1914)
  • Falkland Islands (Crown colony)
  • Federated Malay States (Protectorate)
  • Gambia - Gambia Colony and Protectorate (Crown colony and protectorate)
  • Gibraltar (Crown colony)
  •  Gold Coast (Crown colony)
  • Graham Land (Uninhabited possession)
  • Guernsey - Bailiwick of Guernsey (Crown dependency)
  • Heard Island and McDonald Islands (Uninhabited possession)
  • Hong Kong (Crown colony)
  •  India - Indian Empire (Crown colony)
  •  Isle of Man (Crown dependency)
  •  Jamaica (Crown colony)
  • Jarvis Island (Uninhabited possession)
  •  Jersey - Bailiwick of Jersey (Crown dependency)
  •  Johor - State of Johor Darul Ta'zim (Protectorate from 1914)
  •  Kedah - State of Kedah Darul Aman (Protectorate)
  •  Kelantan - State of Kelantan Darul Naim (Protectorate)
  • Kuwait - State of Kuwait (Protectorate)
  • Lagos Colony (Colony to January 1, 1914)
  • Maldive Islands - Sultanate of the Maldive Islands (Protectorate)
  • Malta (Crown colony)
  • Mauritius (Crown colony)
  • Muscat and Oman - Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (State under the informal protection)
  • Nepal - Kingdom of Nepal (Protectorate)
  • Nigeria - Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria (Crown colony and protectorate from January 1, 1914)
  •  North Borneo (Protectorate)
  • Northern Nigeria - British Northern Nigeria Protectorate (Protectorate to January 1, 1914)
  • Northern Rhodesia - Protectorate of Northern Rhodesia (Colony)
  •  Nyasaland - Nyasaland Protectorate (Protectorate)
    Capital: Zomba, Malawi
  •  Perlis - State of Perlis Indera Kayangan (Protectorate)
  • Phoenix Islands (Colony)
  • Pitcairn Islands (Colony)
  • Saint Helena (Crown colony)
  •  Sarawak - Kingdom of Sarawak (Protectorate)
  • Seychelles (Crown colony)
  • Sierra Leone - Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate (Crown colony and protectorate)
  • South Orkney Islands (Uninhabited possession)
  • South Shetland Islands (Uninhabited possession)
  • Southern Nigeria - British Southern Nigeria Protectorate (Protectorate to January 1, 1914)
  • Southern Rhodesia - Colony of Southern Rhodesia (Colony)
  •  Straits Settlements (Crown colony)
  • Suez Canal Zone (Crown colony)
  • Swaziland - Swaziland Protectorate (Protectorate)
  • Terengganu - State of Terengganu Darul Iman (Protectorate)
  •  Trinidad and Tobago (Crown colony)
  • Tristan da Cunha (Crown colony)
  • Trucial States (Protectorate)
  • Uganda (Protectorate)
  • Victoria Land (Uninhabited possession)
  • Weihai (Concession)
  • Zanzibar (Protectorate)

 United States – United States of America
Capital: Washington, D.C.
Widely recognized state. The following are territories of the United States of America:

Upper Asir - Sheikdom of Upper Asir (from August 1916)
Capital: Abha
Widely recognized state.

 Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
Capital: Montevideo
Widely recognized state.

V


 Venezuela – United States of Venezuela
Capital: Caracas
Widely recognized state.

Y


Yemen – Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (from October 30, 1918)
Capital: Sana`a
Widely recognized independent state.[11][12]

Non-sovereign territories

United Kingdom

Under provisional government

  • Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
    • self declared independence (from February 28, 1914)
    • recognized autonomous inside the Principality of Albania (from March 17, 1914 to October 27, 1914)

States claiming sovereignty

Alash – Alash Autonomy (from December 13, 1917)
Capital: Alash-Qala
Unrecognized state from 1917.[13]

Alsace-Lorraine – Alsace-Lorraine Soviet Republic (from November 10 to 22, 1918)
Capital: Straßburg
Unrecognized Soviet republic.

Aras – Republic of Aras (from December 1918 to June 1919)
Capital: Nakhchivan (city)
Unrecognized state.

Banat Republic – Banat Republic (from October 31, 1918 to February 20, 1919)
Capital: Timișoara
Unrecognized state. Client state of the Hungarian Republic to 1918. Client state of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 1918 to 1919.

Bavaria
Capital: Munich
Unrecognized socialist state.

BelarusPartially-recognized state from 1918 to 1919. Puppet/Buffer State of Soviet Russia from January 1, 1919.

Bottleneck – Free State Bottleneck (from January 10, 1919)
Capital: Lorch, Hesse
Unoccupied territory within post-World War I Germany.

Bremen – Bremen Soviet Republic (from January 10 to February 4, 1919)
Capital: Bremen
Unrecognized state.

Central Albania – Republic of Central Albania (from October 16, 1913 to March 7, 1914)
Capital: Durrës
Former unrecognized state.

Centrocaspian Dictatorship – Centro-Caspian Dictatorship (from August 1 to September 15, 1918)
Capital: Baku
Unrecognized state.

Courland and Semigallia – Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (from March 8 to September 22, 1918)
Capital: Riga
Client state of Germany.

Crimea
Capital: Bakhchysarai
  • Crimean People's Republic (from December 1917 to January 1918)
  • Crimea – Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic (from May to June 1919)
Self-proclaimed autonomy of the Russian Democratic Federative Republic.

Don – Don Republic (from May 18, 1918)
Capital: Novocherkassk
Unrecognized state.

Donbas and Kryvbas – Donets-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic (from February 12 to March 20, 1918)
Capital: Kharkiv
Unrecognized, self-declared state.

Hutsul Republic (from January 8 to June 11, 1919)
Capital: Yasinia
Unrecognized state.

Icaria – Free State of Icaria (from July 18 to November 1912)
Capital: Icaria
Unrecognized state.

Idel-Ural – Idel-Ural State (from March 1, 1918 to April 1918)
Capital: Ufa
Semi-Independent state.

Ireland – Irish Republic (from January 21, 1919)
Capital: Dublin
Revolutionary state.

Kars Republic – Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus (from December 1, 1918 to April 1919)
Capital: Kars
Nominally-independent provisional government.

Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
Capital: Khiva
Semi-independent state. Under Russian Protection.

Komancza – Komancza Republic (from November 4, 1918 to January 24, 1919)
Capital: Komańcza
Microstate.

 Kuban – Kuban People's Republic (from January 28, 1918)
Capital: Yekaterinodar
Unrecognized state.

Lemko Republic – Lemko-Rusyn People's Republic (from December 5, 1918)
Capital: Florynka
Unrecognized state from December 5, 1918.[14]

Lithuania-Byelorussia – Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (from February 17 to July 17, 1919)
Capital: Vilnius, Minsk, and Smolensk
Soviet puppet state from February 17 to July 17, 1919.

North Ingria – Republic of North Ingria (from January 23, 1919)
Capital: Kirjasalo
Unrecognized state.

Odessa – Odessa Soviet Republic (from January 17 to March 13, 1918)
Capital: Odessa
Puppet state of Soviet Russia.

Perloja – Republic of Perloja (from November 1918)Unrecognized state.

Saxony – Soviet Republic of Saxony (from November 13, 1918 to March 14, 1919)
Capital: Dresden
Unrecognized state.

Slovakia – Slovak Soviet Republic (from June 16 to July 7, 1919)
Capital: Prešov
Puppet state of the Hungarian Soviet Republic.

Slovenes, Croats and Serbs – State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (from October 29 to December 1, 1918)
Capital: Zagreb
Unrecognized provisional government.

Syria – Arab Kingdom of Syria (from November 26, 1919)
Capital: Damascus
De facto independent state not recognized by any other state.[15]

Tarnobrzeg – Republic of Tarnobrzeg (from November 6, 1918, to spring 1919)
Capital: Tarnobrzeg
Unrecognized state.

Transvaal – South African Republic (from September 1914 to February 1915)

Tripolitania – Tripolitanian Republic (from November 16, 1918)
Capital: ‘Aziziya
Unrecognized state.

Uhtua – Republic of Uhtua (from June 21, 1918)
Capital: Uhtua
Unrecognized state.

Ukraine (separated into several governments)

United Baltic Duchy (from September 22 to November 28, 1918)
Capital: Riga

Western Thrace – Independent Government of Western Thrace (from August 31 to October 25, 1913)
Capital: Komotini
Unrecognized state.

Würzburg – Würzburg Soviet Republic (from April 7 to 9, 1919)
Capital: Würzburg


Zakopane – Republic of Zakopane (from October 13 to November 16, 1918)
Capital: Zakopane

Notes

References