Furusiyya

Furusiyya is an Arabic knightly discipline and ethical code developed in the Middle Ages.^[1] It was practised in the medieval Muslim world from Afghanistan to Muslim Spain, and particularly during the Crusades and the Mamluk period.^[2] The combat form uses martial arts and equestrianism as the foundation.^[3][4]

The three basic categories of furusiyya are horsemanship, including veterinary aspects of proper care for the horse (hippology) and the proper riding techniques (equestrianism), mounted archery, and jousting. Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya adds swordsmanship as a fourth discipline in his treatise Al-Furūsiyya (1350).^[5] Ibn Akhi Hizam also cited that there are three fundamentals to the furusiyya: horse mastery, proficiency in handling all types of weapons, and bravery.