Tolyatti

It wis foondit in 1737 as a fortress cried Stavropol (Ста́врополь) bi the Roushie statesman Vasily Tatishchev. Informally it wis aften referred as Stavropol-on-Volga (Ста́врополь-на-Во́лге, Stavropol-na-Volge) tae distinguish frae Stavropol, a lairge ceety in soothwast Roushie.

The construction o the Kuybyshev Dam an Hydroelectric Station on the Volga River in the 1950s creatit the Kuybyshev Reservoir, which covered the existin location o the ceety, an it wis completely rebuilt on a new steid. In 1964, the ceety wis renamit Tolyatti (efter Palmiro Togliatti, the langest-servin secretary o the Italian Communist Pairty).

Tolyatti serves as the admeenistrative center o Stavropolsky Destrict, awtho it is no admeenistratively a pairt o it. Admeenistratively, alang wi twa rural localities, it is incorporatit as the ceety o oblast significance o Tolyatti—an admeenistrative unit wi the status equal tae that o the destricts.^[1] Municipally, the ceety o oblast significance o Tolyatti is incorporatit as Tolyatti Urban Okrug.^[5]

Thare are three destricts in the ceety:

• Avtozavodsky (Автозаво́дский), cried Novy Gorod (lit. New Ceety) an aw, is the maist modren; it wis designed tae host the wirkers o the ceety's AvtoVAZ factory, hame o the Lada caur;
• Tsentralny (Центра́льный), cried Stary Gorod (lit. Auld Ceety) an aw, hame o the ceety govrenment an industrial center;
• Komsomolsky (Комсомо́льский), the auldest destrict, biggit tae hoose Hydroelectrical Plant builders.

The ceety's main claim tae fame haes been automobile manufacturin bi AvtoVAZ's Lada (Zhiguli) caur plants, employin some 110,000 fowk: in cooperation wi Italy's Fiat syne 1970 an wi General Motors syne 2001.^[10]

Ither industries hae muivit intae Tolyatti acause it is close tae abundant supplees o electricity an watter. Petrochemicals are well representit in the ceety. Amang the significant enterprises based thare are "TogliattiAzot" (Roushie's biggest ammonia manufacturer) an "KuybyshevAzot" (a nitrogen fertilizer producer). Ither industries include biggin materials production, ship repair an electrical equipment an electronics.

Durin the fore-nuin rush oor o 31 October 2007, a bomb explodit on a passenger bus in the ceety, killin at least aicht fowk an injurin aboot 50 in wha Irina Doroshenko, a spokeswumman for the investigative wing o the local prosecutor’s office, said coud be a terrorist attack.^[11] At the beginnin o the investigation, it wis believit tae be the wirk o terrorists frae the North Caucasus.^[12] Early reports indicatit possible involvement o Chechen terrorist Doku Umarov.^[13] Housomeivver, the offeecials later namit a 21-year-auld Evgeny Vakhrushev, who dee'd in the blast an aw, as the anerlie person tae be responsible for the tragedy.^[14]

The ceety haes a reputation for gang violence atween groups vyin for control o the caur business an aw.^[15][16]

The ceety haes witnessed a mafia killin spree - thare hae been 550 commissioned killins in Togliatti ower 1998-2004, five o thae murthert wur journalists.^[17]

Three chief airchitects o Togliatti wur victims o violent creemes: Valery Lopatin wis shot tae daith on 7 Julie 2004, Mikhail Syardin an Aleksander Kiryakov war an aa injured in violent attacks.^[18]

A umwhile ceety mayor (1994–2000), Sergey Zhilkin (Сергей Жилкин), wis murdered on 15 November 2008.^[19]

On 13 December 2008, Anatoly Stepanov, a vice-speaker o Duma o Samara Oblast, a umwhile heid o admeenistration at the Tsentralny destrict o Togliatti in 1991-1997 an Togliatti mayor candidate in 2004, wis attacked on a street in Togliatti (his hametoun) an left wi serious heid injuries. He dee'd in a hospital on 24 Februar 2009.^[20]

The ceety's mayor in 2000-2007, Nikolay Utkin (Николай Уткин), wis sentencit tae seiven years in preeson on corruption charges.^[21][22]

Mayor Anatoly Pushkov wis electit in 2008.

Tolyatti is twinned wi:

• Kazanlak, Bulgarie^[23]
• Wolfsburg, Germany^[24]
• Flint, Michigan, Unitit States
• Luoyang, Cheenae
• Piacenza, Italy^[25]

• Colmar, Fraunce
• Nagykanizsa, Hungary

• Самарская Губернская Дума. №179-ГД 18 декабря 2006 г. «Устав Самарской области», в ред. Закона №80-ГД от 10 октября 2012 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 67 Устава Самарской области». Вступил в силу 1 января 2007 г. Опубликован: "Волжская коммуна", №237 (25790), 20 декабря 2006 г. (Samara Governorate Duma. #179-GD December 18, 2006 Charter of Samara Oblast, as amended by the Law #80-GD of October 10, 2012 On Amending Article 67 of the Charter of Samara Oblast. Effective as of January 1, 2007.).
• Самарская Губернская Дума. Закон №189-ГД от 28 декабря 2004 г. «О наделении статусом городского округа и муниципального района муниципальных образований в Самарской области». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Волжская коммуна", №247, 31 декабря 2004 г. (Samara Governorate Duma. Law #189-GD of December 28, 2004 On Granting the Status of Urban Okrug and Municipal District to the Municipal Formations in Samara Oblast. Effective as of after ten days from the day of the official publication.).