Template:Infobox gallium

Gallium, ₃₁Ga
Gallium
Pronunciation	/ˈɡæliəm/ (GAL-ee-əm)
Appearance	silver-white
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Ga)	69.723(1)
Gallium in the periodic cairt
	zinc ← gallium → germanium
Atomic nummer (Z)	31
Group	group 13 (boron group)
Period	period 4
Block	p-block
Element category	Post-transeetion metal
Electron confeeguration	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 3
Pheesical properties
Phase at STP	solit
Meltin pynt	302.9146 K (29.7646 °C, 85.5763 °F)
Bylin pynt	2477 K (2204 °C, 3999 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	5.91 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	6.095 g/cm3
Heat o fusion	5.59 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	254 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.86 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−5, −4, −3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.81
Ionisation energies	(more);
Atomic radius	empirical: 135 pm
Covalent radius	122±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	187 pm
	Colour lines in a spectral rangeSpectral lines o gallium
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	primordial
Creestal structur	orthorhombic
Speed o soond thin rod	2740 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	18 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	40.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	270 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderin	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	9.8 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.47
Mohs haurdness	1.5
Brinell haurdness	60 MPa
CAS Nummer	7440-55-3
History
Prediction	Dmitri Mendeleev (1871)
Diskivery	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1875)
First isolation	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1875)
Main isotopes o gallium
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style="text-align:left"\| data m.p. cat v
	in	calc from C	diff	report	ref
C	29.7646	—	—
K	302.9146	302.9146	0
F	85.5763	85.5763	0
WD
input	C: 29.7646, K: 302.9146, F: 85.5763
comment

style="text-align:left"\| data b.p. cat v
	in	calc from C	diff	report	ref
C	2204	—	—
K	2477	2477	0
F	3999	3999	0
WD
input	C: 2204, K: 2477, F: 3999
comment

References