Ketamine

Ketamine, sauld unner the brand name Ketalar amang ithers, is a medication mainly uised for stairtin an mainteenin anesthesia.^[18] It induces a trance-lik state while providin pyne relief, sedation, an memory loss.^[19] Ither uises include for chronic pyne an for sedation in intensive care.^[20][21] Hert function, braithin, an airwey reflexes generally remeen functional in its effects.^[19] Effects teepically begin within five meenits whan gien bi injection wi the main effects lastin up tae 25 meenits.^[18][22]

Ketamine

Clinical data
Tred names	Ketalar, ithers
AHFS/Drugs.com	Consumer Drug Information
Leecence data	US FDA: Ketamine
Pregnancy category	AU: B3 US: C (Risk nae ruled oot)
Addiction liability	Law–moderate[1]
Routes o admeenistration	Ony[2][3][4][5]
Drog cless	NMDA receptor antagonists; General anesthetics; Dissociative hallucinogens; Analgesics; Antidepressants
ATC code	N01AX03 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S8 (Controlled) CA: Schedule I UK: Cless B US: Schedule III UN: Unscheduled
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Intravenous: 100%[4] Intramuscular: 93%[4] Subcutaneous: heich[6] Epidural: 77%[7] Intranasal: 8–50%[4][8][9] Sublingual: 30%[4] Rectal: 30%[10] Bi mooth: 16–24%[7][11]
Protein bindin	12–47% (law)[7][9][12]
Metabolism	Liver (N-demethylation):[4][13] Major: CYP3A4 Meenor: CYP2B6, CYP2C9
Metabolites	Norketamine Dehydronorketamine Hydroxynorketamine Conjugates[14]
Onset o action	Intravenous: seiconts[9] Intramuscular: 1–5 min[9][15] Subcutaneous: 15–30 min[15] Insufflation: 5–10 min[9] Bi mooth: 15–30 min[9][15]
Biological hauf-life	Ketamine: 2.5–3 oors[9][4] Norketamine: 12 oors[15]
Duration o action	Intramuscular: 0.5–2 oors[15] Insufflation: 45–60 min[9] Bi mooth: 1–6+ oors[9][15]
Excretion	Urine: 91%[4] Faeces: 1–3%[4]
Identifiers
IUPAC name (RS)-2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone
Synonyms	CI-581; CL-369; CM-52372-2[16]
CAS Nummer	6740-88-1 Y
PubChem CID	3821
IUPHAR/BPS	4233
DrugBank	DB01221 Y
ChemSpider	3689 Y
UNII	690G0D6V8H
KEGG	D08098 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:6121 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL742 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.027.095
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C13H16ClNO
Molar mass	237.725 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive eemage
Chirality	Racemic mixtur:[9] Esketamine (S(+)-isomer) Arketamine (R(−)-isomer)
Meltin pynt	258 tae 261 °C (496 tae 502 °F)
SMILES Clc1ccccc1C2(NC)CCCCC2=O[17]
InChI InChI=1S/C13H16ClNO/c1-15-13(9-5-4-8-12(13)16)10-6-2-3-7-11(10)14/h2-3,6-7,15H,4-5,8-9H2,1H3 Y Key:YQEZLKZALYSWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
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