Faiyum

pA-y-m (Faiyum) in hieroglyphs

Its name in Inglis is an' a' spelled as Fayum, Fayoum, Al Fayyum or El Faiyūm. Faiyum wis previously offeecially named Madīnet el Faiyūm (Arabic for The Ceety o Faiyum). The name Faiyum (an its spellin variations) mey an' a' refer tae the Faiyum Oasis, awtho it is commonly uised bi Egyptians the day tae refer tae the ceety.^[1][2]

The modren name o the ceety comes frae Coptic 'Ⲫⲓⲟⲙ /Ⲡⲉⲓⲟⲙ efiom/peiom (whence the proper name Ⲡⲁⲓⲟⲙ payom), meanin the Sea or the Lake, which in turn comes frae late Egyptian pA y-m o the same meanin, a reference tae the nearbi Lake Moeris.

Faiyum haes several lairge bazaars, mosques,^[3] baths an a muckle-frequentit weekly mercat. The canal cried Bahr Yussef runs throu the ceety, its banks lined wi hooses. Thare are twa brigs ower the river: ane o three airches, which cairies the main street an bazaar, an ane o twa airches, ower which is biggit the Qaitbay mosque, that wis a gift frae his wife tae honour the Mamluk Sultan in Fayoum. Moonds north o the ceety merk the site o Arsinoe, kent tae the auncient Greeks as Crocodilopolis, whaur in auncient times the sacred crocodile kept in Lake Moeris wis worshipped.^[4]

The centre o the ceety is on the canal, wi the fower waterwheels, that are adoptit bi the govrenorate o Fayoum as its naitional seembol, thair chariots an bazaars are easy tae spat.

Faiyum is the soorce o some famous daith masks or mummy portraits paintit durin the Roman occupation o the aurie. The Egyptians continued thair practice o buryin thair deid, despite the Roman preference for cremation. While unner the control o the Roman Empire, Egyptian daith masks wur paintit on wid in a pigmentit wax technique cried encaustic—the Faiyum mummy portraits represent this technique.^[5] While commonly believed tae represent Greek settlers in Egyp, the Faiyum portraits insteid reflect the complex synthesis o the predominant Egyptian cultur an that o the elite Greek minority in the ceety.

Undisputit remains o early anthropoids date frae the late Eocene an early Oligocene, aboot 34 million years ago, in the Fayyum aurie, soothwast o Cairo. Ane o the earliest fossil primates at Fayum is Catopithecus, datin tae aroond 35 million years ago.

• Qasr Qarun, locatit 44 km frae the ceety
• Qaitbay Mosque, locatit in the ceety, an wis biggit bi the wife o the Mamluk Sultan Qaitaby
• Hanging Mosque, biggit unner the Ottoman Rule ower Egyp
• Lahun Pyramids, locatit 4 km ootside the ceety
• Hawara, aircheological site locatit 27 km frae the ceety
• Wadi Rayan, or Wadi Elrayan, the lairgest waterfaws in Egyp, locatit aroond 50 km frae the ceety

Tefta Tashko-Koço, weel kent Albanian sangster wis born in Faiyum, whaur her faimily lived at that time.

• Crocodilopolis
• Faiyum mummy portraits
• Faiyum Govrenorate
• Fayum alphabet
• Lake Moeris
• Bahr Yussef
• Roman Egyp
• Phiomia (an extinct relative o the elephant, named efter Faiyum)
• Wadi Elrayan

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• "Photo Gallery: Water Issues in Fayoum Villages". Archived frae the original on 6 September 2009. Retrieved 15 Mairch 2011.
• Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. "Geographical information on Al Fayyum, Egypt". Retrieved 29 Mairch 2008.
• P.Fayum = Fayum towns and their papyri, edited with translations and notes by Bernard P. Grenfell and Arthur S. Hunt at the Internet Archive
• Vincent L. Morgan and Spencer G. Lucas (2002). "Notes From Diary––Fayum Trip, 1907". Bulletin 22. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 148 pages, public domain. ISSN 1524-4156. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 15 Mairch 2011. freemit airtin in |publisher= (help)

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