Участник:Lasius/Инновации-1

Литература

Большая энциклопедия открытий и изобретений. (Авторы: Артемова О.В., Балдина Н.А., Вологдина Е.В.).

2007. Издательство: РОСМЭН-ПРЕСС. ISBN: 978-5-353-03002-7

List_of_Russian_inventors

Хронология русских инноваций-1

Хронология российской технологии и инноваций охватывает историю технологии в России, начинающейся с Ранних Восточных славян и до современной Российской Федерации, с главным акцентом на российских изобретениях и технологиях.

Включает технологии, продукты и объекты, которые можно разделить на 3 категории:

Outright inventions, having worldwide significance (like arc welding, assault rifle, satellite);
Developments of the earlier technologies with strong local modifications and a great role in the Russian culture (like Russian vodka);
Products and objects with unique superlative characteristics and records associated with them (like Tsar Cannon, AK-47, Arktika class icebreaker).

This timeline includes products and technologies introduced by any citizens and peoples of Russia and her predecessor states, irregarding of ethnicity, and including inventions of naturalized immigrant citizens. Certain innovations, achieved by a multinational cooperation, also may be included into this timeline, in case Russian side played a major role in such projects. However, the inventions made abroad by Russian émigrés are not reflected here.

See also: List of Russian inventors and Category:Russian inventions.

Ранние восточные славяне

Файл:Baked milk.jpg

Baked milk.

Baked milk

...

Баня

Banya is a tradional Russian wet steam bath, where the bathing is performed inside special rooms or standalone wooden houses, with steam being produced by splashing water upon heated rocks. Historically, banya developed simultaneously with its closest relative, the Finnish sauna, however modern saunas converted to dry steam, while banyas continue to use wet steam. Banya temperatures may exceed 110°C, and people often hit themselves or others with bunches of dried branches and leaves from white birch, oak or eucalyptus in order to improve the circulation. It is customary to cool off in the breeze outdoors or splash around in cold water or in a lake or river. In the winter, people may roll in the snow or jump into the ice holes. After two or three sessions of sweat and cooling off, the ritual ends with drinking beverages, playing games or relaxing in good company in an antechamber to the steam room. Banya provides a strong positive effect on health, reliefs a number of deseases and strengthens the immune system.^[1]^[2]

Блины

Blini is a Russian variant of blintzes, the thin pancakes somewhat similar to a crêpe, but made with yeast. Blin comes from Old Slavic mlin, that means "to mill". Russian blini are made with yeasted batter, which is left to rise and then diluted with cold or boiling water or milk. Blini may have originated in the time of the Slavic unity, and they had a somewhat ritual significance for the early Slavs in pre-Christian times, since they were a symbol of the sun due to their round form. Blini were traditionally prepared at the end of the winter to honor the rebirth of the new sun (Butter Week, or Maslenitsa). This tradition was adopted by Orthodox church and is carried on to the present day.^[3]

Гусли

Gusli is the oldest Slavic and Russian multi-string plucked instrument. Preserved instruments discovered by archaeologists have between 5 and 9 strings with one example having 12 strings. Gusli may have derived from a Byzantine form of the Greek kythare and have a number of relative instruments, like Finnish kantele. The first mention of gusli dates back to 591AD to a treatise by the Greek historian Theophylact Simocatta which describes the instrument being used by Slavs from the area of the later Kievan Rus'. The gusli are thought to have been the instrument used by the legendary Boyan (a singer of tales) and other heroes of Russian mythology. In the later times gusli were widely used by the wandering Skomorokh musicians and entertainers.^[4]

Изба

...

Косоворотка

...

Лапти

...

Рушник

...

A course of shchi, prepared with meat and saffron milk caps. Scallion, parsley and smetana have been added before serving.

Щи

...

Сметана

...

Киевская Русь

10-й век

Кокошник

...

989 Multidomed church

see [2], [3]

989 Квас

также Окрошка

997 Кисель

...

11-й век

Birch bark document

...

Koch

...

Медовуха

...

Russian icon painting

...

1048 Russian fist fighting

...

12th century

Bear spear

...ru:Рогатина

Gudok

...

Onion dome

...see also ru:Лемех (архитектура) and ru:Журавец (архитектура)

Шашка

...

Трещотка

...

13th century

Preparation of pelmeni, with khokhloma handicraft seen on the background.

Пельмени

...

Pernach

...see ru:Пернач and ru:Шестопёр

Соха

...

Великое княжество Московское

Zvonnitsa of Transfiguration Cathedral in Vyazemy near Moscow.

14th century

Лапта

...

Звонница

...

1376 Сарафан

...

15th century

Бердыш

...

Gorlatnaya hat

...see Горлатная шапка

Гуляй-город

...

Russian oven

...

Рассольник

...

Уха

...

c. 1430 Русская водка

by Isidore

Early 16th century

Кокошник (архитектура)

...

1510s Tented roof masonry

...

Царство Русское

Late 16th century

Russian abacus

...[4]

1552 Battery-tower

by Ivan Vyrodkov

1561 Saint Basil's Cathedral

by Postnik Yakovlev

1566 Great Abatis Line

...see also кремль и Острог (укрепление)

A view of the Tsar Cannon, showing its massive bore and cannonballs, and the Lion's head cast into the carriage.

1586 Царь-пушка

by Andrey Chokhov (see also [5])

17th century

Barrel roof

(see [6])

Bird of Happiness

...

Dymkovo toy

...

Городки

...

Хохлома

...

Лубок

...

Русские горки

...

Sovnya

...

Тройка

...

Russian Ornamental architecture

see Русское узорочье, Основные типы деревянных храмов

1684 Octagon-on-tetragon

see Восьмерик на четверике

1685 Tula gingerbread

...

Early 18th century

Bandy

...

Cut glass

...

Modern flamethrower

by Vasily Korchmin [7]

Hydrologic central heating

...

1710 Decimal currency

...

1714 Sounding weight probe

by Peter I (see [8])

1714 Кунсткамера

1717 Балалайка

...

1718 Mechanic slide rest

by Andrey Nartov [9]

Российская империя

1720s

1721 Peterhof

...see ru:Туволков, Василий Григорьевич

1730s

1735 Царь-колокол

by Motorins

1740s

1740 Nail violin

by Johann Wilde

1741 Quick-firing battery

by Andrey Nartov (see [10], [11], [12])

1744 Russian porcelain

by Dmitry Vinogradov and Mikhail Lomonosov

1745 Oil refinery

...[13], [14], [15]

1745 Electrometer

by Georg Wilhelm Richmann [16]

1748 Russian smalt

by Михаил Ломоносов

1750s

1752 Self-running carriage

by Leonty Shamshurenkov, then by Ivan Kulibin. Quadrocycle.

1753 Machine boat

see ru:Коноводное судно

1754 Coaxial rotor

by Михаил Ломоносов

1756 Night vision telescope

by Михаил Ломоносов

1757 Unicorne mortar

...

1760s

1760s Rostov finift

...

1762 Off-axis reflecting telescope

by Михаил Ломоносов

1764 Эрмитаж

1766 Two-cylinder engine

by Иван Ползунов

1770s

1770 Thunder Stone

...

1776 Orenburg shawl

...

1778 Самовар

In 1778 Lisitsyn brothers introduced their first samovar design, and the same year they registered the first samovar-making factory in Russia.

1779 Searchlight

by иван Кулибин

1780s

1782 Vodokhod

see ru:Водоход Ивана Кулибина

1784 Achromatic microscope

by Franz Aepinus

1790s

Валенки

...

Glass-holder

...

Russian guitar

by Andrei Sychra

Musical spoons

...

Жалейка

...

1795 Fedoskino miniature

...

1796 Peaked cap

The peaked cap has been worn by Russian Army officers (other ranks had the same cap without a peak) since 1796, as a new type of forage cap.

1800s

1800s Zhostovo painting

...

1801 Musical carriage

see [17], [18]

1802 Modern powdered milk

...

1802 Гжель

...

1802 Arc lamp

by Vasily Vladimirovich Petrov

1803 Arc welding

by Vasily Vladimirovich Petrov

1810s

1811 Rostral Columns

...

1811 Konovodka

see Коноводное судно

1811 Sailor cap

...[19]

1812 Electric mine

by Pavel Schilling

1814 Beehive frame

by Petro Prokopovych

[20]

1815 Fire retardant

by Semyon Vlasov, [21]

1820s

1820 Monorail

The so-called "Road on Pillars" near Moscow, with horse-drawn carriages, was built by Ivan Elmanov.

1826 Russian Revival architecture

...

1826 Powder metallurgy

[22]

1829 Sunflower oil industry

by Daniil Bokarev

1830s

1831 Metallographic microscopy

by Pavel Anosov

1832 Unit record equipment

Semen Korsakov was reputedly the first to use the punched cards in informatics for information store and search. Korsakov announced his new method and machines in September 1832, and rather than seeking patents offered the machines for public use.

1832 Electromagnetic telegraph

by Pavel Schilling, also Shielded cable (? 1800s)

1832 Centrifugal fan

by Alexander Sablukov

1837 Russian Railways

...

1838 Electrotyping

by Boris Jacobi

1838 Bulat steel

by Pavel Anosov

1839 Electric boat

by Boris Jacobi

1840s

1843 Dry galvanic cell

by Peter Bagrationi

1847 Ballistic rocket pendulum

by Konstantin Konstantinov [23], see also Pendulum rocket fallacy

1848 Modern oil well

by Vasily Semyonov (see ru:Нефтяная промышленность Азербайджана) [24]

1850s

1850 Modern bascule bridge

Blagoveshchensky Bridge

1851 Struve Geodetic Arc

by Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve

1854 Stereo camera

by Александровский, Иван Фёдорович, [25]

1855 Kubanka

...

1855 Formaldehyde synthesis

by Александр Бутлеров. Also Hexamine synthesis (1859)

1857 Radiator

by Franz San Galli

1859 Armour plate mill

...[26]

1859 Pycnometer

by Dmitri Mendeleev [27]

1859 Aluminothermy

by Nikolay Beketov

1860s

1860s Russian salad

by Lucien Olivier

1861 Beef Stroganoff

...

1861 Synthetic sugar

by Aleksandr Butlerov

1862 Spar torpedo

see Шестовая мина

1864 Ледокол

Pilot, built in 1864 by Mikhail Britnev, became the world's first metal-hull icebreaker.

1869 Периодическая таблица

by Дмитрий Менделеев

1870s

1870 Apron conveyer

see Конвейер, Пластинчатый конвейер, [28]

1872 Quick-firing gun

by Vladimir Baranovsky (see Барановский, Владимир Степанович, Противооткатные устройства, Скорострельная пушка Барановского, [29])

1873 Odhner Arithmometer

by Willgodt Theophil Odhner

1874 Тельняшка

...

1875 Mobile photographic studio

by Vyacheslav Sreznyovsky

1875 Electric tram

by Fyodor Pirotsky. The first Railway electrification system

1876 Yablochkov candle

Invented in 1876 by Pavel Yablochkov, the Yablochkov candle was the first commercially viable electric carbon arc lamp.

1876 Alternating current transformer

by Pavel Yablochkov

1876 Roll camera

by L. V. Varnerke see [30], [31]

1877 Torpedo boat tender

by Stepan Makarov

1877 Tracked wagon

by Fyodor Blinov (see [32])

1878 Wide-angle lens

by I. V. Boldyrev (Short lens) [33]

1878 Minesweeper

by Grigory Butakov (ru:Бутаков, Григорий Иванович)

1878 Modern elevated oil pipeline

by Vladimir Shukhov

1878 Cylindric oil depot

by Vladimir Shukhov

1879 Modern oil tanker

by Ludvig Nobel

1880s

1881 Carbon arc welding

the first arc welding method was introduced by Nikolay Bernardos and later patented in 1887.

1882 Photographic film

by I. V. Boldyrev [34]

1882 Instant focal-plane shutter

by Sigizmund Yurkovsky (see ru:Юрковский, [35])

1885 Fabergé egg

by House of Fabergé

1886 Aerial camera

by Vyacheslav Sreznevsky, also watertight marine camera

1886 Shelterbelt

Genko's Forest Belt, the first major windbreak system was being planted between 1886-1903 in what is now Russia's Ulyanovsk Oblast, under supervision of Nestor Genko.

The draft of Blinov's steam-powered continuous track tractor

1888 Caterpillar farm tractor

The first steam-powered tractor on continuous tracks was completed by Fyodor Blinov

1888 Shielded metal arc welding

by Nikolay Slavyanov (see ru:Сварочный электрод)

1888 Photoelectric cell

by Aleksandr Stoletov [36]

1989 Three-Line Rifle

...

1890s

1890 Matryoshka doll

by Sergey Malyutin and Vasily Zvyozdochkin

1891 Thermal cracking

Shukhov cracking process by Vladimir Shukhov and Sergei Gavrilov was the first cracking method.

1892 Pyrocollodion

by Dmitri Mendeleev

1892 Makarov tip

by Stepan Makarov ^[6]

1894 Nephoscope

by Mikhail Pomortsev

1895 Lightning detector

by Alexander Stepanovich Popov

1896 Thin-shell structure

by Vladimir Shukhov

1896 Tensile structure

by Vladimir Shukhov

1896 Hyperboloid structure

by Vladimir Shukhov, see also Shukhov Tower

1897 Gridshell

by Vladimir Shukhov

1898 Field kitchen

...

1898 Polar class ship

Icebreaker Yermak, the first true icebreaker able to ride over and crush pack ice, was built in England between 1897-1898 after Stepan Makarov's design and under his supervision.

1898 Minelayer

by Stepan Makarov (see [37], ru:Амур (минный транспорт, 1898))

1899 Diesel-powered vehicle

[38], [39]

1900s

1900s Chicken Kiev

...

Система Станиславского

...

1900 Гимнастёрка

...

1901 Хроматография

by Михаил Цвет

1902 Electric bus

by Ippolit Romanov (also by Pyotr Freze)

1903 Аэросани

Also the first successful snowmobile

1903 Diesel-electric transmission

The first Motor ship

1904 Foam extinguisher

by Aleksandr Loran, also foam fire extinguisher, see [40], [41]

1904 Modern mortar

by Leonid Gobyato

Aneroid sphygmomanometer with stethoscope, used for auscultatory blood pressure measurement.

1905 Auscultatory blood pressure measurement

by Nikolai Korotkov

1905 Insubmersibility

by Alexey Krylov and Stepan Makarov

1906 Tungsten filament

by Alexander Lodygin

1906 Electric seismometer

by Boris Borisovich Galitzine

1907 Баян (аккордеон)

[42]

1907 Pulse jet engine

see also [43]

1907 CRT television

by Boris Rosing

1910s

c. 1910 Classical conditioning

by Ivan Pavlov^[7]

1910 Абстрактное искуство

by Василий Кандинский. Also rayonism, супрематизм
...

1910 Polybutadiene synthetic rubber

by Sergei Vasiljevich Lebedev

A scene from Starevich's cartoon *The Cameraman's Revenge* (1911), with insects as protagonists.

1910 Puppet animation

by Ladislas Starevich

A tilted helicopter swashplate, giving cyclic pitch blade control.

1910 Helicopter swashplate

...

1911 Knapsack parachute

by Gleb Kotelnikov

1911 Semi-automatic aerial camera

...

1912 Modern high mass air well

...

1913 Plasmapheresis

by Vadim Yurevich (see [44])

1913 Half-track

Also known as Kégresse track, invented by Adolphe Kégresse. See also [45] (1916 - armoured half-track)

1913 Aerobatics

by Pyotr Nesterov

1913 Airliner

Sikorsky Ilya Muromets by Igor Sikorsky

1914 Gyrocar

by Pyotr Shilovsky

1914 Тачанка

by Нестор Махно

1914 Стратегический бомбардировщик

Илья Муромец by Игорь Сикорский

1914 Aerial ramming

by Pyotr Nesterov

1915 Submarine minelayer

Russian submarine Krab (1912)

1915 Vezdekhod

The first prototype tank, or tankette, and the first continuous track amphibious ATV was invented by Aleksandr Porokhovschikov in 1915. The word Vezdekhod means: "He who goes anywhere" or "all-terrain vehicle". It did not however progress further than a pre-production model, due to problems in the design.

1915 Tsar Tank

...

The marker for kilometre 9,288, at the end of the Trans-Siberian Railway in Vladivostok

1916 Trans-Siberian Railway

...

1916 Assault rifle

Fedorov Avtomat, the first self-loading battle rifle, was invented by Vladimir Fyodorov in 1916.

СССР

Late 1910s

1918 Будёновка

by Viktor Vasnetsov

1918 Ушанка

...

1919 Конструктивизм

...

1919 Theremin

by Léon Theremin

1920s

1920s Chapayev

...

1920s Montage

by Lev Kuleshov

1921 Planned economy

...

1922 Kolchugaluminium

...

1923 Palekh miniature

...

1924 Turbodrill

...

1924 Optophonic Piano

by Vladimir Baranov-Rossine

1925 Piezoelectric microphone

see ru:Микрофон#История

1925 Color television

by Hovannes Adamian

1925 Tupolev TB-1

...

1927 Light-emitting diode

by Oleg Losev

1927 По-2

...

1928 Rabbage

Rabbage, or Raphanobrassica, was the first ever non-sterile hybrid obtained through the crossbreeding, which was an important step in biotechnology. It was produced by Georgii Karpechenko in 1928.

1928 Ultrasonic testing

by Соколов, Сергей Яковлевич

1929 Cadaveric blood transfusion

by Sergei Yudin

Soviet TT-26 teletank, the first military robot.

1929 Teletank

...

1930s

Spring-loaded camming device

by Vitaly Abalakov

Abalakov thread

by Vitaly Abalakov

Air ionizer

by Alexander Chizhevsky (Chizhevsky's chandelier)

Electric propulsion

by Valentin Glushko

Systema

...

1930 Variophone

...

1930 Radiosonde

by Pavel Molchanov

1931 Pressure suit

by Yevgeny Chertovsky

1931 Hypergolic propellant

by Valentyn Glushko

1931 Zveno project

...

1932 Социалистический реализм

...

1932 Children's railway

...

1932 Underwater welding

by Konstantin Khrenov

1933 Underwater movie camera

by Fyodor Leontovich, see [46]

1933 Stalinist architecture

...

1934 Tupolev ANT-20

...

1934 Cherenkov detector

Cherenkov radiation was discovered in 1934 by Pavel Cherenkov

1934 Amphibious hovercraft

...see also [47]

1935 Kirza

see Кирза

1935 Automatic grenade launcher

by Yakov Taubin

1935 Московское метро

...

1937 Manned drifting ice station

...

1937 Fire-fighting sport

...

1938 Sambo

Sambo is modern martial art, combat sport and self-defense system developed in the Soviet Union and recognized as an official sport by the USSR All-Union Sports Committee in 1938, presented by Anatoly Kharlampiev.

Mayakovskaya (Moscow Metro), the first deep column station.

1938 Deep column station

Mayakovskaya (Moscow Metro) by Alexey Dushkin

1939 Kirlian photography

by Semyon Kirlian

1939 Self-propelled multiple rocket launcher

Katyusha rocket launcher

1939 Ilyushin Il-2

...

1940s

1940 T-34

by Mikhail Koshkin

1940 Reflex klystron

...

1941 Competitive rhythmic gymnastics

...

1941 Maksutov telescope

by Dmitri Dmitrievich Maksutov

1941 Degaussing

by Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov

1941 ZiS-3

by Vasily Grabin

1942 Winged tank

Antonov A-40 by Oleg Antonov

1942 Gramicidin S

...

1945 T-54/55

...

1945 Passive resonant cavity bug

by Léon Theremin

1947 MiG-15

...

1947 AK-47

The AK-47 (other names include Avtomat Kalashnikova, Kalashnikov, or AK) is a selective fire, gas operated 7.62mm assault rifle, developed in the Soviet Union by Михаил Калашников. The AK-47 was one of the first true assault rifles. It has been manufactured in many countries and has seen service with regular armed forces as well as irregular, revolutionary and terrorist organizations worldwide. Even after six decades, due to its durability, low production cost and ease of use, the original AK-47 and its numerous variants are the most widely used and popular assault rifles in the world; more AK-type rifles have been produced than all other assault rifles combined.^[8]

1948 Acoustic microscope

by Соколов, Сергей Яковлевич

1949 Soviet atomic bomb

...

1950s

c. 1950 Berkovich tip

...

1950s Stick tube

... see Стержневая радиолампа

1951 Explosively pumped flux compression generator

...

An Ilizarov apparatus treating a fractured tibia and fibula.

1952 Ilizarov apparatus

by Gavril Ilizarov

1954 Nuclear power plant

Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant by Igor Kurchatov

1955 МиГ-21

...

1955 Ballistic missile submarine

R-11 Zemlya submarine-launched ballistic missile by Victor Makeev, Project 611 ballistic missile submarine

1955 Токамак

Tokamak T-4 was tested in 1968 in Novosibirsk, conducting the first ever quasistationary thermonuclear fusion reaction. The first actual experimental tokamak was built in 1955.

1955 Saint Petersburg Metro

...

1956 TRIZ

"The Theory of Solving Inventor's Problems", developed by Genrich Altshuller since 1946, was published in 1956.

1957 ANS synthesizer

...

1957 Синхрофазотрон

...

1957 S-75 Dvina

...

1957 Космодром

Баконур launch complex by Vladimir Barmin

1957 Intercontinental ballistic missile

The world's first successful intercontinental ballistic missile, R-7 Semyorka, was developed under supervision of Sergey Korolev between 1953-1957.

1957 Orbital space rocket

The world's first successful intercontinental ballistic missile, as well as a first space rocket and expendable launch system, R-7 Semyorka, was developed under supervision of Sergey Korolev between 1953-1957.

1957 Спутник

Sputnik 1, the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957, and was the first in a series of satellites collectively known as the Sputnik program.

1957 Space capsule

Sputnik 2

1957 Raketa hydrofoil

by Rostislav Alexeyev

1958 Modern ternary computer

Setun, by Nikolay Brusentsov

1959 Space probe

Luna 1, also the first escape velocity spacecraft

1959 Vorobyovy Gory (Metro)

...

1959 Nuclear icebreaker

Lenin icebreaker was launched in 1957 and completed in 1959.

A Komar class missile boat launching a missile.

1959 Missile boat

Komar class missile boat

1959 Tupolev Tu-28

...

1959 Staged combustion cycle

...

1959 Plesetsk Cosmodrome

...

1960s

Rocket boots

...

1960 Reentry capsule

Sputnik 5

1961 RPG-7

...

1961 Anti-ballistic missile

В-1000 by Pyotr Grushin

1961 Space food

...[48]

Файл:Gagarin space suite.jpg

Yury Gagarin in his spacesuit, the first human in space.

1961 Spacesuit

...

1961 Human spaceflight

Vostok 1 (рус. Восток-1, Orient 1 or East 1) was the first human spaceflight. The Vostok 3KA spacecraft was launched on April 12, 1961, taking into space Yuri Gagarin, a cosmonaut from the Soviet Union. The Vostok 1 mission was the first time anyone had journeyed into outer space and the first time anyone had entered into orbit. The Vostok 1 was launched by the Soviet space program and supervised by the Soviet rocket scientist Sergey Korolyov.

1961 Platform screen doors

Park Pobedy (Saint Petersburg Metro)

1961 Экраноплан

by Rostislav Alexeyev

1961 Mil Mi-8

...

1961 Tsar Bomb

...

1961 Amphibious aerosan

(see [49])

1962 3D holography

by Yuri Denisyuk

1962 AVL tree

The AVL tree is named after its two inventors, G.M. Adelson-Velskii and E.M. Landis, who published it in their 1962 paper "An algorithm for the organization of information."^[9]

1962 Detonation nanodiamond

see ru:Наноалмаз

1963 Automatic mobile radio telephone

see ru:Алтай (система связи)

1964 Superflywheel

...

1964 МиГ-25

...

1964 Druzhba pipeline

...

1964 Plasma propulsion engine

Pulsed plasma thruster

1965 Mir (computer)

...

1965 Extra-vehicular activity

...

1965 Molniya orbit satellite

...

1965 Proton rocket

...

1965 Air-augmented rocket

by Boris Shavyrin

1966 BMP-1

...

1966 Electron cooling

Electron cooling was invented by Gersh Budker (INP, Novosibirsk) in 1966 as a way to increase luminosity of hadron colliders. It was first tested in 1974 with 68 MeV protons at NAP-M storage ring at INP.

1966 Lander spacecraft

Luna 9 by Georgy Babakin

1966 Caspian Sea Monster

by Rostislav Alexeyev

1966 Regional jet

Yakovlev Yak-40

1966 Orbital module

Soyuz spacecraft

1966 Soyuz rocket

...

1967 Ostankino Tower

...

1967 The Motherland Calls

...

1967 Venera 4

...

1968 Fractional Orbital Bombardment System

R-36 (missile)

Mil Mi-12, the world's largest helicopter.

1968 Mil Mi-12

...

1968 Trijet

Tupolev Tu-154

1968 Supersonic transport

Tupolev Tu-144

1970s

Radial keratotomy

by Svyatoslav Fyodorov

1970 Heterotransistor

by Zhores Alferov (see Timeline of solar cells)

1970 Space rover

Lunokhod 1, the first space exploration rover, reached the Moon surface on November 17, 1970.

1971 Space station

Salyut 1 (DOS-1) (рус. Салют-1; англ. Salute 1) was launched April 19, 1971. It was the first space station to orbit Earth. Developed under supervision of Vladimir Chelomey.

1972 Kaissa