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Bantuan:IPA/Poland

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Carta di bawah memaparkan cara bagaimana Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa menjelaskan sebutan bahasa Poland dalam rencana Wikipedia.

All voiced obstruents /b, d, ɡ, v, z, ʐ, ʑ, dʐ, dʑ/ are devoiced (so /d/ becomes [t], etc.) at the ends of words and in clusters ending in any unvoiced obstruents /p, t, k, f, s, x, ʂ, ɕ, tʂ, tɕ/. Voiceless obstruents are voiced (/x/ becoming [ɣ], etc.) in clusters ending in any voiced obstruent except /v, ʐ/, which are then themselves devoiced.

See Polish phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Polish.

Consonants
IPAPolishExampleEnglish approximation
bbbardzobike
ɕś, s(i)[1]Jaśshe
dddawnodoor
dz[2]dzdzbanbeds
dʑ[2]dź, dz(i)[1]dziadekjeep[3]
dʐ [2]dżDżakartajug[3]
fffokafeist
ɡggraćgirl
ɡʲg(i)[1]Gienekargue
ɣch, hniechbyroughly like go but without completely blocking air flow on the g
jj, i[1]jakyes
j̃[4]ńkońvoice
kkkrowascam
kʲk(i)[1]kierowcaskew
lllampalion
mm[5]morzemile
nn[5]nadNile
ɲń, n(i)[5][1]niecanyon
ŋ[6]n[5]bankbank
pppolicjaspike
rrróżowyrolled r like Italian Roma
sssmaksign
ʂszszybkoshore[3]
tttakstow
tɕ[2]ć, c(i)[1]cierpkicheer[3]
ts[2]ccałkiemcats
tʂ[2]czczychild[3]
vwwartośćvile
w[7]łładnyway
xch, hchleb(Scottish) loch
xʲch(i), h(i)[1]hiacynthuge
zzzebrazebra
ʑź, z(i)[1]ziarnovision, azure[3]
ʐż, rzrzadko
Vowels
IPAPolishExampleEnglish approximation
aatamfather
ɛekrembet
ɛ̃ę[5]kęsFrench vin
ii[1]piwoeat
ɨymyroses
ɔorokoff
ɔ̃ą[5]wąsFrench son
uu, ódużyboot
Other symbols used for Polish
IPAExplanation
ˈPrimary stress (placed before the stressed syllable), usually the penultimate syllable of a word.
ˌSecondary stress (placed before the stressed syllable).
.Syllable break.

Lihat juga

Nota

Bacaan lanjutan

  • Sadowska, Iwona (2012). Polish: A Comprehensive Grammar. Oxford; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-47541-9.

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