Ba'athist loyalists and allied Sunni militias mostly attack the Iraqi Army, although there has been a history of fighting with IS dating back to the previous war.[23]
Fighting between Iraqi government and Kurdish forces broke out in October 2017.[58] Prior to this, the two had worked together against IS, however fighting between Kurdish forces and Turkmen groups in the PMF had occurred sporadically since 2015.[59]
Coalition forces support both the Iraq government and Kurdish forces against IS, but are not involved in their conflict with one another and have urged for peaceful resolution.[60]
Turkey supported Kurdish forces against IS until 2017, but have since voiced support for Iraqi forces in their fight against the Kurds.[61]
The MCIR reportedly has a truce agreement with the Kurdish Regional Government not to target Kurdish territory, in return for the Regional Government's non-interference in the Council creating an autonomous area outside of the control of the current Iraqi government.[62]