Synapsida

Synapsida; Rentang fosil: 320-100Ma. Takson keturunan Mammalia masih hidup sampai sekarang. PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Dimetrodon grandis skeleton at the National Museum of Natural History of U.S.A.
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Subfilum:	Vertebrata
Infrafilum:	Gnathostomata
Superkelas:	Tetrapoda
(tanpa takson):	Klad Reptiliomorpha; Klad Amniota; Klad Synapsida; Osborn, 1903
Subgroups
	†Diadectomorpha?; †Echinerpeton; †Protoclepsydrops?; †Caseasauria †Caseidae; †Eothyrididae; †Phreatophasma?; ; Eupelycosauria †Ophiacodontidae; †Varanopidae?; Haptodontiformes †Edaphosauridae; Sphenacodontia; ; ;
Sinonim
	Theropsida Seeley, 1895

Synapsida ('fused arch'), atau theropsida ('wajah hewan'), adalah kelompok hewan yang termasuk mamalia dan segala kerabat dekatnya selain amniota hidup lainnya.^[4] Anggota non-mamalia disebut sebagai reptil mirip mammalia dalam sistematika klasik,^[5]^[6] tetapi disebut "mamalia batang" atau "proto-mammalia" dalam terminologi kladistika.

Taksonomi

Classification

Series Amniota
- CLASS SYNAPSIDA *
  - Order Pelycosauria *
    - Suborder Caseasauria
    - Suborder Eupelycosauria *
      - Family Varanopseidae
      - Family Ophiacodontidae
      - Family Edaphosauridae
      - Family Sphenacodontidae *
  - Order Therapsida *
    - Suborder Biarmosuchia *
    - Suborder Dinocephalia
    - Suborder Anomodontia
    - Suborder Gorgonopsia
    - Suborder Therocephalia
    - Suborder Cynodontia *
      - Family Probainognathidae
      - Superfamily Chiniquodontoidea *
- CLASS MAMMALIA

Filogeni

Synapsida

Caseasauria

Eupelycosauria

Varanopseidae

Ophiacodontidae

Edaphosauridae

Sphenacodontia

Sphenacodontidae

Therapsida

Biarmosuchia

	Eotitanosuchus

Eutherapsida

Dinocephalia

Neotherapsida

Anomodontia

Theriodontia

Gorgonopsia

Eutheriodontia

Therocephalia

Cynodontia

	Dvinia

	Procynosuchidae

Epicynodontia

Thrinaxodon

Eucynodontia

Cynognathus

Probainognathia

	Trithelodontidae

	Chiniquodontidae

Prozostrodon

Mammaliaformes

	Mammalia

Catatan

Referensi

Benton, Michael J. (2005). Vertebrate Paleontology, 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. ISBN 0-632-05637-1.
Bramble, D. M. (1993). "Mammalian locomotor-respiratory integration: Implications for diaphragmatic and pulmonary design". Science. 262 (5131): 235–240. doi:10.1126/science.8211141.
Carroll, Robert L. (1988). Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. New York: W.H. Freeman & Co. ISBN 0-7167-1822-7.
Hopson, James A. (1987). "The Mammal-Like Reptiles: A Study of Transitional Fossils". The American Biology Teacher. 49 (1): 16–26.
Hoyt, Donald F. (1997). Synapsid Reptiles Diarsipkan 2009-05-20 di Wayback Machine.. Zoo 138 Vertebrate Zoology Home Page.
Lambert, David (2001). Dinosaur Encyclopedia. ISBN 0-7894-7935-4.
Laurin, Michel, and Robert R. Reisz (2007). Synapsida: Mammals and their extinct relatives. Version 6 April 2007. The Tree of Life Web Project.

Bacaan Lanjut

Colbert, E. H. (1969). Evolution of the Vertebrates (edisi ke-2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. ISBN 0471164666. Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (link)

Lihat pula

Anapsida
Diapsida
Euryapsida
Daftar synapsida
Klasifikasi mamalia
Mamalia prasejarah
Paleontology Vertebrata
Garis waktu evolusi

Pranala luar

Synapsida - Pelycosauria Diarsipkan 2006-03-13 di Archive.is - at Palaeos
Transitional Vertebrate Fossils - includes description of important transitional genera in the evolutionary sequence linking primitive synapsids to mammals

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

Search

Synapsida

Daftar isi

Taksonomi

Classification

Filogeni

Catatan

Referensi

Bacaan Lanjut

Lihat pula

Pranala luar

Synapsida Rentang fosil: 320-100Ma. Takson keturunan Mammalia masih hidup sampai sekarang. PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N

Dimetrodon grandis skeleton at the National Museum of Natural History of U.S.A.
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Subfilum:	Vertebrata
Infrafilum:	Gnathostomata
Superkelas:	Tetrapoda
(tanpa takson):	Klad Reptiliomorpha Klad Amniota Klad Synapsida Osborn, 1903
Subgroups
†Diadectomorpha?^[1]^[2] †Echinerpeton †Protoclepsydrops? †Caseasauria †Caseidae †Eothyrididae †Phreatophasma? Eupelycosauria †Ophiacodontidae †Varanopidae? Haptodontiformes †Edaphosauridae Sphenacodontia
Sinonim
Theropsida Seeley, 1895^[3]