Cataract
Cataract shine gajimare na ruwan tabarau na ido wanda ke haifar da raguwar gani.[1] Cataracts sau da yawa suna tasowa a hankali kuma yana iya shafar idanu ɗaya ko duka biyu.[1] Alamun na iya haɗawa da ɓatattun launuka, blur ko hangen nesa biyu, halos kusa da haske, matsala tare da fitilu masu haske, da matsalar gani da daddare.[1] Wannan na iya haifar da matsala tuƙi, karatu, ko gane fuskoki.[2] Rashin hangen nesa wanda cataracts ke haifarwa na iya haifar da ƙarin haɗarin faɗuwa da damuwa.[3] Cataracts yana haifar da rabin dukkan cututtukan makanta da kashi 33% na nakasar gani a duniya.[4][5]
| Cataract | |
|---|---|
 | |
Description (en)  | |
| Iri | lens disease (en) , monogenic disease (en) cuta |
| Specialty (en) | ophthalmology (en) |
| Sanadi | rubella (en) , ultraviolet radiation (en) , Ciwon suga, vitiligo (en) , ichthyosis (en) human ageing (en) |
| Symptoms and signs (en) | Makanta, glare (en) diplopia (en) |
| Physical examination (en) | eye examination (en) |
| Genetic association (en) | GJA8 (en) |
| Identifier (en) | |
| ICD-10-CM | H26 |
| ICD-9-CM | 366.8 |
| OMIM | 601371 da 116200 |
| DiseasesDB | 2179 |
| MedlinePlus | 001001 |
| eMedicine | 001001 |
| MeSH | D002386 |
| Disease Ontology ID | DOID:83 |
Cataracts sun fi yawa saboda tsufa amma kuma yana iya faruwa saboda rauni ko bayyanar radiation, kasancewa daga haihuwa, ko faruwa bayan tiyatar ido don wasu matsalolin.[1][6] Abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da ciwon sukari, shan taba, dadewa ga hasken rana, da barasa.[1] Hanyar da ke da tushe ta haɗa da tara tarin furotin ko launin ruwan rawaya-launin ruwan kasa a cikin ruwan tabarau wanda ke rage watsa haske zuwa kwayar ido a bayan ido.[1] Ana gano cutar ta hanyar duban ido.[1]
Rigakafin ya haɗa da sanya tabarau, faffadan hula, cin ganyaye da 'ya'yan itatuwa, da guje wa shan taba.[1][7] Tun da farko ana iya inganta alamun bayyanar da tabarau.[1] Idan wannan bai taimaka ba, tiyata don cire ruwan tabarau mai hazo da maye gurbinsa da ruwan tabarau na wucin gadi shine kawai ingantaccen magani.[1] Ana buƙatar tiyata kawai idan cataracts yana haifar da matsaloli kuma gabaɗaya yana haifar da ingantacciyar rayuwa.[1][8] Ba a samun yin aikin tiyatar ido ba da sauri a ƙasashe da yawa, wanda ke faruwa musamman ga mata, waɗanda ke zaune a karkara, da waɗanda ba su san karatu ba.[6][9]
Kimanin mutane miliyan 20 ne suka makanta saboda cataract.[6] Shi ne sanadin kusan kashi 5% na makanta a Amurka da kusan kashi 60% na makanta a sassan Afirka da Kudancin Amurka.[9] Makanta daga cataracts yana faruwa a kusan 10 zuwa 40 a cikin 100,000 yara a cikin kasashe masu tasowa, kuma 1 zuwa 4 a cikin 100,000 yara a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba.[10] Cataracts ya zama ruwan dare gama gari.[1] A Amurka, kashi 68 cikin 100 na wadanda suka haura shekaru 80 suna fama da cataract.[11] Bugu da ƙari, sun fi kowa a cikin mata, kuma ba su da yawa a cikin Mutanen Hispanic da Baƙar fata.[11]
