This article deals with the system of transport in Bihar, both public and private.
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Road transport
Bihar has national highways with total length of 5,358 km (3,329 mi)[1] and state highways with total length of 4,006 km (2,489 mi).[2] Also. Bihar has 921 km (572 mi) of proposed Expressways.[3]
The state is being equipped with more sustainable energy sources, CNG filling stations are being put up in different cities.
To mange overall road transport facilities in the state, Bihar State Road Transport Corporation (BSRTC) was set up in 1959 under the provisions of Road Transport Corporation Act, 1950.
BSRTC operates and maintains a fleet of more than 300 buses connecting all cities and towns within state of Bihar and neighboring states too. BSRTC not only connects every nook and corner of the state but also links this state with other surrounding regions including Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal and Odisha. However, contract for operation and maintenance of the buses has been given to two private companies viz. GIPL and Royal Cruiser. This contract is based upon public-private partnership (PPP) [4]
Expressways
Listed horizontal (west to east) expressways first, followed by vertical (north to south) & diagonal expressways.
| Name | States | Total Length (km/mi) | Length Bihar (km/mi) | Cost (₹cr) | Type | Status | Direction | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gorakhpur-Siliguri Expressway[5][6] | Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal | 519 km (322.5 mi) | 32,000 | Greenfield | Under-construction | NW to NE | ||
| Outer Ring Road, Patna | Bihar | 140 km (87 mi) | 140 km (87 mi) | Greenfield | Under-construction | W to E | ||
| Loknayak Ganga Path, Patna | Bihar | 39.5 km (24.5 mi) | 39.5 km (24.5 mi) | 3,160 | Greenfield | Under-construction | W to E | Riverfront project within Patna. |
| Buxar-Bhagalpur Expressway[5] (Sasram-Patna Expressway)[6] | Bihar | 308 km (191.4 mi) | 308 km (191.4 mi) | Mixed | Under-construction | W to E | From UP border to WB border through central Bihar along Ganga river. Includes Sasram-Patna Expressway, 118 km, ₹4,000).[6] | |
| Varanasi–Ranchi–Kolkata Expressway[6] | Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal | 686 km (426 mi) | 24,275 | Greenfield | Under-construction | W to SE | Via South West Bihar to Kolkatta. | |
| Dumaria Ghat-Bakarpur Expressway (Gorakhpur-Patna Expressway)[6] | Bihar | 73 km (45 mi) | 73 km (45 mi) | 1,543 | Greenfield | DPR | NW to C | Connects to Gorakhpur via NH-27 & NH-28. |
| Patna-Kolkata Expressway[7] | Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal | 450 km (280 mi) | Greenfield | DPR | NW to SW | To be taken up in Bharatmala-II. | ||
| Raxaul-Haldia Expressway[6] | Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal | 695 km (432 mi) | 54,000 | Greenfield | DPR | NW to SW | ||
| Darbhanga-Aurangabad Expressway (Amas-Darbhanga Expressway)[8][6] | Bihar | 199 km (123.7 mi) | 199 km (123.7 mi) | 2,927 | Greenfield | Under-construction | C to SW | Central Bihar to South West Bihar. |
National Highways
| Number | Length (km) | Length (mi) | Southern or western terminus | Northern or eastern terminus | Formed | Removed | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 NH 19GQ | 206.0 | 128.0 | Uttar Pradesh, Mohania, Aurangabad, Dobhi-Jharkhand | — | — | |||
 NH 20 | 107.7 | 66.9 | Junction with NH-31 near Bakhtiyarpur - Bihar Sharif, Nawada, Rajauli -Jharkhand | — | — | |||
 NH 22 | 282.3 | 175.4 | Sonbarsa (Indo/Nepal Border), Sitamarhi, Muzaffarpur, Hajipur, Patna, Punpun, Gaya, Bodh Gaya, Dobhi - Jharkhand. | — | — | |||
 NH 27EW | 487.0 | 302.6 | Uttar Pradesh Gopalganj, Pipra Kothi, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga, Forbesganj, Araria, Purnia, in the State of BiharWest Bengal | — | — | |||
 NH 31 | 415.0 | 257.9 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-27 near Unnao connecting Lalganj, Raebareli, Salon, Pratapgarh, Machhlishahr, Jaunpur, Varanasi, Ghazipur, Ballia in the State of Uttar Pradesh Chhapra, Hajipur, Bakhtiyarpur, Mokama, Begusarai, Khagaria, Bihpur, Kora, Katihar in the State of Bihar, Harishchanderpur and terminating at its junction with NH-12 near Pandua in the State of West Bengal. | — | — | |||
 NH 33 | 332.0 | 206.3 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-139 from Arwal connecting Jahanabad, Bandhuganj, Ekangarsarai, Biharsharif, Mokama, Luckeesarai, Munger, Bhagalpur, Kahalgaon in the State of Bihar, Sahibganj, Rajmahal, Barharwa in the State of Jharkhand and terminating at its junction with NH-12 near Farakka in the State of West Bengal. | — | — | |||
 NH 119 | 93.0 | 57.8 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-19 near Dehri connecting Akbarpur, Jadunathpur and terminating at Bihar/UP Border near Jadunathpur in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 120 | 244.0 | 151.6 | Junction with NH-20 near Bihar Sharif connecting Nalanda, Rajgir, Hisua, Gaya, Daudnagar, Nasriganj, Karakat, dawath, Nawanagar, and terminating at its junction with NH-922 near Dumraon | — | — | |||
 NH 122 | 110.0 | 68.4 | Junction with NH-22 near Muzaffarpur - Dholi, Mushrigharari - junction with NH-31 near Barauni | — | — | |||
 NH 122A | 31.8 | 19.8 | Vishwanathpur Chowk on NH-22 - Koili, a- Nanpur on NH-527C | — | — | |||
 NH 131 | 136.0 | 84.5 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-31 near Bihpur connecting Kishanganj, Madhepura and terminating at Birpur in the State of Bihar near Indo/Nepal Border. | — | — | |||
 NH 131A | 81.2 | 50.5 | West Bengal- Ahmedabad, Manihari, Katihar on NH-31 - Purnia on NH-27 | — | — | |||
 NH 133 | 10.9 | 6.8 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-33 in the state of Bihar connecting Godda and terminating at Choupa More on NH-114A in the state of Jharkhand. | — | — | |||
 NH 133B | 5.0 | 3.1 | Jharkhand Border- Manihar (NH-31) | — | — | |||
 NH 139 | 153.6 | 95.4 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-39 near Rajhara connecting Chhatarpur, Hariharganj in the State of Jharkhand, Aurangabad, Daudnagar, Arwal, Naubatpur and terminating at its junction with NH-31 near Patna in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 219 | 46.8 | 29.1 | The highway starting from its junction with new NH No. 19 near Mohania connecting Bhabhua, Chainpur, Chand in the State of Bihar and terminating at its junction with NH-19 near Chandauli in the state of Uttar Pradesh | — | — | |||
 NH 227 | 215.0 | 133.6 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-27 near Chakia connecting Narhar, Pakri Bridge, Madhuban, Shivhar, Sitamarhi, Harlakhi, Umgaon, Jaynagar, Laukaha, Laukahi and terminating at its junction with NH-27 near Narahia in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 227A | 137.0 | 85.1 | Up / Bihar Border - Siwan - Mashrakh - Chakia | — | — | |||
 NH 227F | 36.3 | 22.6 | The highway starting from its junction with NH- 227 near Chakia (Chorma chowk) connecting Pakridayal, Dhaka, Phulwaria Ghat and terminating at Bairgania in the state of Bihar near Indo / Nepal Border. | — | — | |||
 NH 227J | 30.0 | 18.6 | The highway starting from its junction with NH- 227 near Saharghat connecting Uchhait, Benipatti and terminating at its junction with NH- 527B near Rahika in the state of Bihar | — | — | |||
 NH 227L | 20.4 | 12.7 | The highway starting from its junction with NH- 227 near Umagaon connecting Basopatti and terminating at its junction with NH- 527B near Kalnahi in the state of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 231 | 209.0 | 129.9 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-31 near Maheshkund in the State of Bihar connecting Sonbarsa Raj, Simri Bakhtiyarpur, Saharsa, Madhepura, Sarsi, Purnia and terminating at its junction with NH-31 near Kora in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 319 | 125.0 | 77.7 | Junction with NH-19 near Mohania - Dinara, Charpokhari, a- junction with NH-922 near Ara | — | — | |||
 NH 322 | 58.0 | 36.0 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-22 near Hazipur and terminating at its junction with NH-122 near Mushrigharari in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 327 | 233.5 | 145.1 | The highway starting from Galgalia on N.H-327 (W.B/Bihar) Thakurganj, Raniganj, Bahadurganj, Araria, Bhargama, Tribeniganj, Pipra, Supaul, (Bariyahi Bazar)Bangaon and terminating at Maheshi (Tarapeeth) in the state of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 327A | 25.0 | 15.5 | The highway starting from Supaul on NH-327 and terminating at Bhaptiahi on NH-27 in the state of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 331 | 65.0 | 40.4 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-31 near Chhapra connecting Baniapur, and terminating at its junction with NH-27 near Muhumadpur the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 333 | 141.2 | 87.7 | The highway starting from Bariyarpur on NH-33 connecting Kharagpur, Laxmipur, Jamui, Chakai in the state of Bihar-Jharkhand | — | — | |||
 NH 333A | 198.9 | 123.6 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-33 near Bar Bigha connecting Shekhpura, Sikandra, Jamui, Jha-Jha, Banka in the State of Bihar and terminating at its junction with NH-133 near Godda in the State of Jharkhand. | — | — | |||
 NH 333B | 17.7 | 11.0 | The highway starting from its junction with NH33 at Munger and terminating at its junction with NH No-31 at Khagaria in the state of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 431 | 69.0 | 42.9 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-31 near Phatuha connecting Chandi, Harnaut and terminating at its junction with NH-31 near Barh in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 527 | 9.3 | 5.8 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-27 near Forbesganj and terminating at Jogbani in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 527A | 75.3 | 46.8 | The highway starting from its junction with new NH No.527 B near Pokhrauni Chowk connecting Madhubani, Rampatti, Jhanjharpur, Samey Chowk, Awam, Laufa, Bheja, Bakaur and terminating at its junction with NH No. 327 near Parsarma in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 527B | 53.8 | 33.4 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-27 near Darbhanga connecting Aunsi and terminating at its junction with NH-227 near Jaynagar in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 527C | 64.2 | 39.9 | The highway starting from Majhauli on NH-27 connecting Katra, Jajuar, Pupri and terminating at Charout on NH-227 in the state of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 527D | 67.2 | 41.8 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-27 near Piprakothi connecting Sagauli, Raxaul, in the State of Bihar and terminating at Indo/Nepal Border. | — | — | |||
 NH 531 | 95.0 | 59.0 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-31 near Chhapra, Siwan and terminating at its junction with NH-27 near Gopalganj in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 722 | 75.0 | 46.6 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-22 near Muzaffarpur connecting Rewaghat and terminating at its junction with NH-31 near Chhapra in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 727 | 112.0 | 69.6 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-27 near Kushinagar in the State of Uttar Pradesh connecting Chhitanuni Rail-cum-Road Bridge, Bagaha, Lauriya, Bettiah and terminating at its junction with NH-527 D near Chhapwa in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
 NH 727A | 4.5 | 2.8 | Uttar Pradesh and terminating at its junction with NH 227A near Mairwa | — | — | |||
 NH 727AA | 13.0 | 8.1 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-727 near Manuapul connecting Patzirwa, Paknaha in the state of Bihar, Pipraghat and terminating at its junction with NH-730 near Sevrahi in the state of Uttar Pradesh. | — | — | |||
 NH 922 | 138.0 | 85.7 | The highway starting from its junction with NH-22 near Patna connecting Ara, Bhojpur and terminating near Buxar in the State of Bihar. | — | — | |||
State Highways
Rail transport
The railway network in Bihar is excellent and provides first-rate citizen centric railway services to the people. Most of the cities have a railway junction that facilitates railway travel across the state. You can easily travel from one part of the state to the other by trains.
Urban Rail
- Patna Metro - Under construction
- Patna Monorail - Proposed
- Patna tram - defunct since 1903
Water transport
Bihar is connected by National Waterways No. 1 which established in October 1986. This National Waterways has fixed terminals at Haldia, BISN (Kolkata), Pakur, Farrakka and Patna. This National Waterways has also floating terminals facilities at Haldia, Kolkata, Diamond Harbour, Katwa, Tribeni, Baharampur, Jangipur, Bhagalpur, Semaria, Doriganj, Ballia, Ghazipur, Varanasi, Chunar and Allahabad.
Air transport
Patna airport is well connected to cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bangalore and many other cities in India. It is categorized as a restricted international airport, with customs facilities to receive international chartered flights. Gaya Airport, is Bihar's only international airport and offers seasonal flights that connect the city to Thailand, Bhutan, and Myanmar. Airlines like IndiGo, SpiceJet, Air India, and Vistara connect various airports in Bihar to cities across India. Darbhanga Airport is another domestic airport in Bihar which is connected with various cities across India. The Darbhanga Airport was built as civil enclave.
| City served | Airport name | ICAO | IATA | Category | Role |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bihta | Bihta Air Force Station | — | — | Defence | Air base |
| Bhagalpur | Bhagalpur Airport | — | — | Domestic | No scheduled flights |
| Darbhanga | Darbhanga Airport | VE89[9] | DBR | Domestic | Civil enclave |
| Gaya | Gaya Airport | VEGY | GAY | Customs[GAY] | Commercial |
| Jogbani | Jogbani Airport | — | — | Domestic | Closed |
| Munger | Munger Airport | — | — | Domestic | No scheduled flights |
| Muzaffarpur | Muzaffarpur Airport | VEMZ | MZU | Domestic | No scheduled flights |
| Patna | Jay Prakash Narayan Airport | VEPT | PAT | Customs[PAT] | Commercial |
| Purnea | Purnea Airport | VEPU[10] | — | Defence | Air base |
| Raxaul | Raxaul Airport | VERL | — | Domestic | Closed |
- GAY The airport usually serves domestic flights only, but the city being a pilgrimage city, the airport operates seasonal flights to international destinations.
- PAT The airport is classified as a restricted international airport due to its short runway and serves only domestic flights.
See also
References
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