Timeline of Hamburg

• 831 – Bishopric established.^[1]
• 845 – Town sacked by Norsemen.^[2]
• 1189
  • Adolf III of Holstein gets charter from Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I that gives Hamburg a court, jurisdiction, and fishing rights.^[2]
  • St. Peter's Church built (approximate date).
• 1190 – Alster dam installed.
• 1201 – Hamburg occupied by forces of Valdemar II of Denmark.
• 1223 – Archbishopric relocated from Hamburg to Bremen.^[3]
• 1241 – Lübeck-Hamburg alliance established.^[3]
• 1248 – Fire.
• 1256 – St. Catherine's Church active (approximate date).^{[citation needed]}
• 1284 – 5 August: Fire.
• 1286 – 24 April: acquires rights to maintain permanent fire on Neuwerk.
• 1299 – 1 November: allowed to build a fortified tower, the new work (Neuwerk).
• 1310 – completion of the Great Tower Neuwerk.
• 1329 – St. Mary's Cathedral consecrated.
• 1350 – Black Death.
• 1356 – Matthiae-Mahlzeit [de] (feast) begins.
• 1375 – Grocers' Guild formed.
• 1390 – Public clock installed (approximate date).^[4]
• 1410 – Constitution of Hamburg established.
• 1412 – 1412 Unterelbe flood [de].
• 1418 – St. Peter's Church rebuilt (approximate date).
• 1479 – Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg [de] (public library) established in the Town Hall.
• 1491 – Printing press in operation.^[5]
• 1500 – City expands its borders.^[6]

• 1510 – Hamburg becomes an imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire.^[2]
• 1529
  • Protestant Reformation.^[2]
  • Council of citizens established.
  • Johanneum (college) founded.^[7]
• 1536 – Hamburg joins Schmalkaldic League.^[2]
• 1558 – Hamburg Stock Exchange established.^[8]
• 1567 – Trade with the Company of Merchant Adventurers of London established.^[9]
• 1590 – Berenberg Bank founded.
• 1615 – City walls extended around Hamburg-Neustadt.^[2]
• 1619 – Bank of Hamburg [de] founded.^[8][10]
• 1630 – Bremen–Lübeck–Hamburg defensive alliance formed.^[8]
• 1654 – Synagoge Neuer Steinweg [de] in use.^{[citation needed]}
• 1663 – Erbauliche Monaths Unterredungen magazine begins publication.^[11]
• 1665 – Hamburg Chamber of Commerce founded.
• 1669
  • St. Michael's Church built.
  • Wapen von Hamburg (1669) [de] (ship) launched.
• 1678 – Oper am Gänsemarkt (opera house) opens;^[12] premiere of Theile's opera Adam und Eva.^[13]
• 1679 – Coffee house in business.^[14]
• 1705 – Premiere of Handel's opera Almira.^[15]
• 1710 – Hamburg City Archives [de] established.
• 1712 – Plague.
• 1735 – Commerzbibliothek [de] (business library) founded.^[16]
• 1762
  • City occupied by Danish forces.
  • St. Michael's Church built.^[7]
• 1765
  • Hamburgische Gesellschaft zur Beförderung der Künste und nützlichen Gewerbe [de] (arts society) and Patriotic Club^[7] founded.
  • Komödienhaus (theatre) built.^[17]
• 1767 – Hamburgische Entreprise (theatre) established.^[17]
• 1778 – Hamburger Ersparungskasse (bank) established.^[10]
• 1787 – City directory published.^[18]
• 1789 – Clubbs der Freundschaft founded.^[16]
• 1790 – United States consulate established.^[19]
• 1792 – Hamburger Jakobinerklub [de] formed.
• 1799 – H. J. Merck & Co. in business.

• 1805 – Gesellschaft der Freunde des vaterländischen Schul- und Erziehungswesens [de] (education society) founded.^[16]
• 1806 – 19 November: French occupation of city begins.^[6]
• 1810 – Hoffmann und Campe publisher in business.^[20]
• 1811
  • 9th French-Polish Uhlan Regiment founded in Hamburg.^[21]
  • City becomes capital of the French Bouches-de-l'Elbe department.^[6]
• 1813
  • Siege of Hamburg.
  • Hamburg Women's Association established.^[22]
• 1814 – Hamburg Citizen Militia and Hamburg Police formed.
• 1815 – 8 June: City becomes a member state of the German Confederation.^[6]
• 1821 – Lehmann's botanical garden established.
• 1823
  • Hospital built in St. George.^[23]
  • Altona Observatory founded by Heinrich Christian Schumacher.
• 1825 – February flood of 1825.
• 1827 – City Theatre opens.^[24][25]
• 1828 – Hamburg Philharmonic Society formed.^[26]
• 1833 – Rauhes Haus founded.
• 1834 – Johanneum building constructed.^[7]
• 1835 – Coat of arms of Hamburg redesigned.^{[citation needed]}
• 1838 – English Church built.^[23]
• 1839 – Verein für Hamburgische Geschichte (local history society) founded.
• 1840
  • Gymnasium founded.^[6]
  • Population: 136,956.
• 1841 – Circus Gymnasticus opens.^{[citation needed]}
• 1842
  • Exchange built.^[7]
  • 5–8 May: Great Fire of Hamburg.^[6]
• 1843
  • Thalía Theatre built.^[23]
  • Naturhistorisches Museum Hamburg [de] established.
• 1845 – Sillem's Bazar [de] shopping arcade built.^[27]
• 1846 – Berliner Railway Station established.
• 1847
  • Hamburg America Line in business.
  • Patriotic Club building constructed.^[7]
  • Pestalozzi-Stiftung Hamburg founded
• 1848 – Otto Meissner (publisher) [de] in business.^[20]
• 1849
  • Hamburger Nachtrichten [de] newspaper begins publication.^[28]
  • St. Peter's Church rebuilt again.^[2]

• 1850 – Kunsthalle (art gallery) opens.^[29]
• 1855 – January: Flood.^[6]
• 1856 – North German Bank and Union Bank established.^[30]
• 1859
  • Synagoge Kohlhöfen [de] built.^[2]
  • Hamburg Frauenchor (women's choir) founded.^[31]
• 1861
  • Museum Godeffroy opens.
  • Population: 178,841.^[32]
• 1863
  • Hamburger Fremdenblatt [de] newspaper in publication.^[28]
  • Zoological Garden of Hamburg opens.^[23][33]
  • Rebuilt St. Nicholas' Church dedicated.
• 1865
  • Lübeck–Hamburg railway begins operating; Lübecker Railway Station established.
  • Lombardsbrücke [de] (bridge) built.^{[citation needed]}
• 1866
  • Horsecar tram begins operating.
  • Bahnhof Hamburg Klosterthor [de] (railway station) established.
  • 21 August: City becomes part of the North German Confederation.^[34]
• 1867 – Trabrennbahn Bahrenfeld (horse racetrack) built.
• 1868 – St. Georg becomes part of city.
• 1869 – Horner Rennbahn (horse racetrack) and Kunsthalle^[7] built.
• 1871
  • City becomes part of the German Empire.
  • Population: 240,251.
  • Gesellschaft für Verbreitung von Volksbildung [de] (education society) branch established.^[35]
• 1872 – Venloer Railway Station established.
• 1873
  • Photographic Society founded.^[36]
  • Frei Hafen bridge constructed.^[2]
• 1874 – Hagenbeck's zoo opens.
• 1877
  • Ohlsdorf Cemetery established near city.
  • Blohm + Voss shipbuilders in business near city.
• 1878 – Museum for Art and Industry founded.^[2]
• 1879
  • Hanseatic High Court of Appeal [de] headquartered in Hamburg.^[37]
  • Holsten Brewery in business.
• 1880 – Steinway & Sons piano factory in operation.
• 1883 – Speicherstadt (warehouse district) construction begins in the Port of Hamburg.
• 1887
  • Hamburger Echo [de] newspaper begins publication.^[28]
  • Sport-Club Germania Hamburg founded.
  • Central post office built.^[2]
• 1888
  • Hamburg joins German Customs Union.^[7]
  • Harbourworks^[7] and iron bridge^[2] constructed.
  • Free Port opens.^[38]
• 1889 – 15 May: Exhibition of Trade and Industry opens.^[34]
• 1890
  • German East Africa Line (shipping company) in business.^[38]
  • May: Gas-worker strike.^[34]
  • Population: 323,923.^[3]
• 1891 – Natural History Museum built.^[2]
• 1892
  • 1892 Germany cholera outbreak [de].^[3]
  • German Open Tennis Championships begin.
  • Hamburger Dom (funfair) relocated to Heiligengeistfeld fair ground.
• 1894 – St. Pauli becomes part of city.^{[citation needed]}
• 1896
  • November: Dockworker strike.^[34]
  • Fischauktionshalle (Hamburg-Altona) [de] (fish market) rebuilt.
• 1897 – Hamburg Rathaus (city hall) built.
• 1898 – Hamburg-Altona railway station opens.
• 1899 – Hamburger Öffentliche Bücherhallen [de] (library) founded.^{[citation needed]}
• 1900
  • Institute for Maritime and Tropical Diseases opens.
  • Shipbuilding school founded.^[2]

• 1901 – Civil law courts built.^[2]
• 1904 – American Businessmen's Club of Hamburg founded.^[19]
• 1905 – Population: 802,793.^[2]
• 1906
  • Hamburg Hauptbahnhof (railway station) opens.
  • Altona-Hamburg railway begins operating.
• 1907
  • Tierpark Hagenbeck (zoo) established.
  • Stadion Hoheluft (stadium) opens.
• 1908
  • Hamburgisches Kolonialinstitut [de] established.
  • Music Hall inaugurated.^[7]
  • Simplo Fullfeder pen company relocates to Hamburg.
• 1909 – Hotel Atlantic in business.
• 1910 – Sportplatz at Rothenbaum opens.
• 1911 – Hamburg Airport and Elbe Tunnel open.
• 1912
  • Hamburg U-Bahn begins operating.
  • Hamburg-Bergedorf Observatory dedicated.
  • Hamburg-Mannheimer Insurance Corporation in business.
• 1913
  • 3 April: Vaterland passenger ship launched.^[39]
  • Gewerkschaftlich-Genossenschaftliche Versicherungsaktiengesellschaft (insurance firm) in business.^[40]
• 1914 – Hamburg Stadtpark (park) opens.
• 1918
  • Hamburg Kammerspiele (theatre) founded.
  • Hamburger Volkszeitung newspaper begins publication.^[28]
• 1919 – University of Hamburg and Hamburger Sport-Verein established.
• 1921 – Consulate of Poland founded.^[41]
• 1922 – Museum of Hamburg History opens.
• 1923 – Labour and Socialist International founded in Hamburg.^[42]
• 1924
  • Nordische Rundfunk radio begins broadcasting.
  • Chilehaus built.
• 1925
  • Helms-Museum and Hamburg School of Astrology established.
  • Population: 1,079,126.
• 1926 – Botanischer Sondergarten Wandsbek (garden) established.
• 1930
  • Planten un Blomen (park) created.
  • Population: 1,145,124.
• 1933
  • Nazis seize control of the city and Carl Vincent Krogmann becomes mayor.
  • Hamburger Flugzeugbau (aircraft company) in business.
  • Fuhlsbüttel concentration camp founded.^[43]
• 1934
  • Bürgerschaft abolished.
  • Gau Hamburg established.
  • Transmitter Hamburg-Billstedt begins operating.
• 1937
  • major expansion of the land of Hamburg per the Greater Hamburg Act:
    • the cities Altona, Wandsbek, and Harburg-Wilhelmsburg join
    • and the cities Geesthacht and Cuxhaven (including Neuwerk) leave the territory of the Land Hamburg.
• 1938 – Neuengamme concentration camp established by SS.
• 1939 – Bombing of Hamburg in World War II begins.
• 1940 – April: Oflag X-D prisoner-of-war camp for Allied officers established.^[44]
• 1943
  • May: Langer Morgen forced labour camp for men established.^[45]
  • 7 August: Main base of the 2nd SS construction brigade (forced labour camp) relocated from Bremen to Hamburg.^[46]
• 1944
  • April: 2nd SS construction brigade relocated to Berlin.^[46]
  • 8 June: Hamburg-Wandsbek subcamp of the Ravensbrück concentration camp established. The prisoners were mostly Polish and Soviet women.^[47]
  • July: Hamburg-Veddel subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were Jewish women.^[48]
  • 1 September: Hamburg-Wandsbek subcamp of Ravensbrück reorganized into a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp.^[47]
  • 12 September: Hamburg-Langenhorn subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were Jewish women.^[49]
  • 13 September: Hamburg-Neugraben and Hamburg-Sasel subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were Jewish women.^[50][51]
  • 13 September: Women prisoners of the Hamburg-Veddel subcamp moved to other subcamps in Hamburg and Wedel.^[48]
  • 15 September: 2,000 male prisoners deported to the Hamburg-Veddel subcamp of Neuengamme.^[52]
  • 27 September: Hamburg-Eidelstedt subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were Jewish women.^[53]
  • October: Hamburg-Finkenwerder subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were mostly Soviet, Polish, Belgian, French and Danish men.^[54]
  • November: Subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established by the SS at the Spaldingstraße for men of various nationalities.^[55]
  • L'Obstinée masonic lodge established by Belgian POWs in the Oflag X-D POW camp.^[56]
• 1945
  • 8 February: Hamburg-Neugraben subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved and Hamburg-Tiefstack subcamp founded. Surviving prisoners moved from the Hamburg-Neugraben to the Hamburg-Tiefstack subcamp.^[50][57]
  • March: 250 Romani and Sinti women deported to the Hamburg-Langenhorn subcamp of Neuengamme from the Ravensbrück concentration camp.^[49]
  • March: Hamburg-Finkenwerder subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved.^[54]
  • 22 March: Langer Morgen forced labour camp dissolved.^[45]
  • 7 April: Hamburg-Tiefstack subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved, surviving prisoners deported to Bergen-Belsen.^[57]
  • 14 April: Hamburg-Veddel subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved, surviving prisoners deported to Sandbostel.^[52]
  • 17 April: Subcamp of Neuengamme at Spaldingstraße dissolved, surviving prisoners deported to Sandbostel.^[55]
  • 30 April: Hamburg-Wandsbek subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved.^[47]
  • 3 May: Hamburg-Langenhorn subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved, surviving prisoners deported to the Hamburg-Eidelstedt subcamp.^[49]
  • 3 May: Oflag X-D POW camp liberated by the British.^[44]
  • 4–5 May: Hamburg-Sasel subcamp of Neuengamme liberated by the British.^[51]
  • 5 May: Hamburg-Eidelstedt subcamp of Neuengamme liberated by the British.^[53]
  • Bombing of Hamburg in World War II ends.
  • Hamburg in the British occupation zone.
  • Rudolf Petersen appointed mayor by British authorities.
  • Eppendorf (company) founded.
  • Population: 1,350,278.

• 1946
  • 5 December: Hamburg Ravensbrück trials for war crimes begin at the Curiohaus [de].
  • Max Brauer becomes mayor.
• 1948
  • Hamburger Abendblatt newspaper and Stern news magazine begin publication.
  • Population: 1,518,900.
• 1949 – Hamburger Morgenpost newspaper begins publication.
• 1950 – Public University of Music established.
• 1951 – Institut français Hamburg founded.
• 1952
  • Der Spiegel news magazine headquartered in city.
  • Bild newspaper begins publication.^[40]
  • Constitution of Hamburg ratified.^[40]
  • UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning headquartered in city.
• 1953
  • Volksparkstadion (stadium) opens.
  • International garden show held.^[58]
• 1955 – Hamburg State Opera building opens.
• 1957
  • Fazle Omar Mosque built.^[59]
  • Streit's Haus Filmtheater opens.^[60]
  • British Army School and Hamburg Symphony Orchestra established.
• 1958 – Hamburg Atlantic Line in business.
• 1959 – Kaiserkeller night club opens.
• 1960 – August: English rock band The Beatles begin performing in Hamburg.
• 1961 – Population: 1,840,543.
• 1962
  • Spiegel scandal.
  • North Sea flood of 1962.
• 1963
  • Millerntor-Stadion (stadium) opens.
  • St. James' Church restored.
  • Alter Botanischer Garten Hamburg greenhouses built.
• 1964 - Deutsches Übersee-Institut headquartered in Hamburg.
• 1965
  • Gruner + Jahr publisher in business.
  • Hamburg Transport Association established.
  • Imam Ali Mosque built.^[59]
  • NDR Fernsehen (television) headquartered in city.
• 1967 – Eros Center brothel in business on the Reeperbahn.
• 1968
  • Cherry Blossom Festival begins.
  • Alsterdorfer Sporthalle and Gruenspan music club open.
• 1969 – waived older rights on harbour estate in Cuxhaven in favour of Neuwerk and Scharhörn to build an offshore harbour.
• 1970
  • Hamburg University of Applied Sciences founded.
  • Population: 1,793,640.
• 1971 – Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy [de]^[61] and Fabrik cultural centre founded.
• 1973
  • Congress Center Hamburg opens.
  • University of the German Federal Armed Forces and Neumeier's Hamburg Ballet established.
  • Kattwykbrücke [de] (bridge) built.
• 1974
  • Köhlbrand Bridge built.
  • Hans-Ulrich Klose becomes mayor.
• 1975 – New Elbe Tunnel opens.
• 1976 – Die Motte youth centre founded in Ottensen.^[62]
• 1978
  • July: City hosts the 1978 World Fencing Championships.
  • Technical University of Hamburg founded.
• 1979
  • Botanischer Garten Hamburg (garden) opens.
  • Werkstatt 3 co-operative founded in Ottensen.^[62]
• 1980 – Stadtteilarchiv Ottensen (archive) founded.^[62]
• 1981
  • Protest against proposed Brokdorf Nuclear Power Plant.
  • Klaus von Dohnányi becomes mayor.
  • Squat on Hafenstraße begins.
• 1982 – Kampnagel (cultural space) established.
• 1984
  • Chaos Communication Congress begins.
  • Hamburg Institute for Social Research founded.^[61]
• 1985
  • Birdland jazz club opens.
  • Museum der Arbeit established.
• 1986
  • Chaos Computer Club headquartered in city.
  • Radio Hamburg begins broadcasting.
  • Hamburg Marathon begins.
  • Brokdorf Nuclear Power Plant commissioned near city.
• 1988
  • Center for Science and International Security at the University of Hamburg founded.^[61]
  • Henning Voscherau becomes mayor.
  • Population: 1,603,070.
• 1989
  • Deichtorhallen art centre opens.
  • 
    
    founded.
• 1990 – GoodMills Deutschland [de] headquartered in city.
• 1992 – Filmfest Hamburg begins.
• 1994 – Film and Television Museum Hamburg^[63] and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hamburg established.
• 1996 – City website online (approximate date).^[64]
• 1997 – Ortwin Runde becomes mayor.
• 1998
  • Afghan Museum established.
  • Am Rothenbaum (sport venue) built.
• 2000
  • Bucerius Law School established.
  • International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea headquartered in city.

• 2001
  • Long Night of Museums begins.^[65]
  • Container Terminal Altenwerder opens.
  • Ole von Beust becomes mayor.
• 2002
  • 4 November: Bambule eviction.
  • O2 World arena opens.
  • Bucerius Kunst Forum (art gallery) founded.
• 2003 – Hamburg Pride founded.^[66]
• 2004
  • Hamburg Summit: China meets Europe begins.
  • Major Records in business.
• 2005 – eVendi Arena (for American Football) built.
• 2006 – German Institute of Global and Area Studies established.
• 2007
  • World Future Council and Hamburg Schleswig-Holstein Film Promotion [de] headquartered in city.
  • 29 May: Anti-globalization protest.
  • Dockville music festival.
  • Elbphilharmonie construction begins.
• 2008
  • HafenCity district and Foundation for Historic Museums of Hamburg [de] established.
  • Lange Nacht der Industrie [de] (industrial public relations event) begins.
  • Museum für Kunst und Kultur an der Elbe opens in Jenisch House.
• 2009
  • International Chamber Music Competition Hamburg begins.
  • Student protest for education reform.^[67]
• 2010 – Christoph Ahlhaus becomes mayor.
• 2011
  • Olaf Scholz becomes mayor.
  • European Union, Latin America and the Caribbean Foundation headquartered in city.
• 2012 – Population: 1,813,587.
• 2013 – December: 2013–14 Hamburg demonstrations begin.
• 2015 – 2015 Hamburg Olympics referendum.
• 2016 – 31 October: Elbphilharmonie concert hall is officially completed.
• 2017
  • 7 July: G20 summit meeting held.
  • December: City hosts the 2017 World Women's Handball Championship.
• 2023 – Shooting.

• History of Hamburg
• List of mayors of Hamburg
• List of museums and cultural institutions in Hamburg

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hamburg.

• Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg. Maps of Hamburg
• Europeana. Items related to Hamburg, various dates.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Hamburg, various dates
• New York Public Library. Items related to Hamburg

53°33′55″N 10°00′05″E / 53.565278°N 10.001389°E / 53.565278; 10.001389