Tetramethylethylene is a hydrocarbon with the formula Me2C=CMe2 (Me = methyl). A colorless liquid, it is the simplest tetrasubstituted alkene.
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Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name 2,3-Dimethylbut-2-ene | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.008.422 |
EC Number |
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PubChem CID | |
UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
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Properties | |
C6H12 | |
Molar mass | 84.162 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | colorless liquid |
Density | 0.7075 g/cm3 (20 °C) |
Melting point | −74.6 °C (−102.3 °F; 198.6 K) |
Boiling point | 73.3 °C (163.9 °F; 346.4 K) |
Critical point (T, P) | 521.0(9) K, 3.4(1) MPa[1] |
insoluble | |
Solubility | soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone, chloroform[1] |
−65.9×10−6 cm3·mol−1[1] | |
Refractive index (nD) | 1.4122 (20 °C)[1] |
Thermochemistry[1] | |
Heat capacity (C) | 174.7 J·mol−1·K−1 |
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 270.2 J·mol−1·K−1 |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | −101.4 kJ·mol−1 (liquid) −68.1 kJ·mol−1 (gas) |
Enthalpy of fusion (ΔfH⦵fus) | 6.45 kJ·mol−1 (at melting point) |
Enthalpy of vaporization (ΔfHvap) | 32.51 kJ·mol−1 (25 °C) 29.64 kJ·mol−1 (at boiling point) |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
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Danger | |
H225, H304 | |
P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P301+P310, P303+P361+P353, P331, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, P501 | |
Flash point | −8 °C |
401 °C[1] | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). |
Synthesis
It can be prepared by base-catalyzed isomerization of 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene.[2] Another route involves direct dimerization of propylene.[3] It can also be produced by photolysis of tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-dione.[4]
Reactions
Tetramethylethylene forms metal-alkene complexes with low-valent metals and reacts with diborane to give the monoalkyborane known as thexylborane.[5][6]
Oxidation gives pinacol.
It is a precursor to the herbicide fenpropathrin.[3]
References
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