The sulfate carbonates are a compound carbonates, or mixed anion compounds that contain sulfate and carbonate ions. Sulfate carbonate minerals are in the 7.DG and 5.BF Nickel-Strunz groupings.[1]
They may be formed by crystallization from a water solution, or by melting a carbonate and sulfate together.
In some structures carbonate and sulfate can substitute for each other. For example a range from 1.4 to 2.2 Na2SO4•Na2CO3 is stable as a solid solution.[2] Silvialite can substitute about half its sulfate with carbonate[3] and the high temperature hexagonal form of sodium sulfate (I) Na2SO4 can substitute unlimited proportions of carbonate instead of sulfate.[4]
Minerals
| name | formula | system | space group | unit cell | volume Å3 | density | optical | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brianyoungite | Zn12(CO3)3(SO4)(OH)16 | Monoclinic | P21/m | a = 15.724 b = 6.256 c = 5.427 β = 90° | 533.8 | 4.09 | Biaxial nα = 1.635 nβ = 1.650 | [5] |
| Burkeite | Na6(CO3)(SO4)2 | orthorhombic | a = 7.05 b = 9.21 c = 5.16 | 335.04 | 2.57 | Biaxial (-) nα = 1.448 nβ = 1.489 nγ = 1.493 2V: measured: 34° , calculated: 32° Max birefringence: δ = 0.045 | [6] | |
| Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 | Orthorhombic | Pmn21 | a = 20.089 b = 7.146 c = 6.56 | 941.7 | 5.77 | Biaxial (-) nα = 1.818(3) nβ = 1.866(3) nγ = 1.909(3) 2V: measured: 85° , calculated: 84° Max birefringence: δ = 0.091 bluish green | [7] |
| Carraraite | Ca3(SO4)[Ge(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O | hexagonal | P63/m? | a = 11.056 c = 10.629 | 1125.17 | Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.479(1) nε = 1.509(1) Max birefringence: δ = 0.030 | [8] | |
| Carbonatecyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O | Orthorhombic | Biaxial (+) nα = 1.616 nβ = 1.630 nγ = 1.677 2V: measured: 55° to 60°, calculated: 60° Max birefringence: δ = 0.061 pale blue | [9] | ||||
| Claraite | (Cu,Zn)15(AsO4)2(CO3)4(SO4)(OH)14·7H2O | triclinic | P1 | a = 10.3343 b = 12.8212 c = 14.7889 α = 113.196°, β = 90.811°, γ = 89.818° | 1800.9 | [10] | ||
| Ferrotychite | Na6(Fe,Mn,Mg)2(CO3)4(SO4)[1] | Isometric | Fd3 | a = 13.962 | 2,721.7 | 2.79 | Isotropic n = 1.550 | [11] |
| Hanksite | Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl | hexagonal | P 63/m | a = 10.4896 c = 21.2415 | 2024.1 | 2.562 | Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.481 nε = 1.461 Max birefringence: δ = 0.020 | [12] |
| Hauckite | Fe3+3(Mg,Mn2+)24Zn18(SO4)4(CO3)2(OH)81 | hexagonal | P6/mmm | a = 9.17 c = 30.21 | 2200 | 3.02 | Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.630 nε = 1.638 Max birefringence: δ = 0.008 | [13] |
| Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O | Hexagonal | P63 | a = 11.0713 c = 10.6265 Z=3 | 1128.02 | Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.556 nε = 1.540 Max birefringence: δ = 0.016 | [14] | |
| Korkinoite | Ca4(SO4)2(CO3)2 · 9H2O | Orthorhombic | Pmmm | Biaxial (+) | [15] | |||
| Latiumite | (Ca,K)4(Si,Al)5O11(SO4,CO3) | Monoclinic | a = 12.06 Å, b = 5.08 Å, c = 10.81 Å β = 106° | 636.6 | Biaxial (+/-) nα = 1.600 - 1.603 nβ = 1.606 - 1.609 nγ = 1.614 - 1.615 2V: measured: 83° to 90°, calculated: 84° to 88° Max Birefringence: δ = 0.014 | [16] | ||
| Leadhillite | Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2 | Monoclinic | P21/b | a = 9.11 b = 20.82 c = 11.59 β = 90.46° | 2198 | 6.55 | Biaxial (-) nα = 1.870 nβ = 2.009 nγ = 2.010 2V: 10° Max birefringence: δ = 0.140 | [17][18] |
| Macphersonite | Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2[17] | Orthorhombic | a = 10.38 b = 23.05 c = 9.242 | 2211.8 | Biaxial (-) nα = 1.870 nβ = 2.000 nγ = 2.010 2V: measured: 35° calculated: 28° Max birefringence: δ = 0.140 | [19] | ||
| Manganotychite | Na6(Mn,Fe,Mg)2(SO4)(CO3)4[17] | Isometric | Fd3 | a = 13.9951 | 2,741.12 | 2.7 | n = 1.544 pink | [20] |
| Mineevite-Y | Na25BaY2(SO4)11(HCO3)4(CO3)2F2Cl[17] | Hexagonal | P63/m | a = 8.811 c = 37.03 Z=2 | 2489.6 | Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.536 nε = 1.510 Max birefringence: δ = 0.026 pale green | [21] | |
| Nakauriite | Cu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6•48H2O | orthorhombic | a = 14.58 b = 11.47 c = 16.22 | 2,712.5 | 2.39 | blue Biaxial (-) nα = 1.585 nβ = 1.604 nγ = 1.612 2V: measured: 65° , calculated: 64° Max birefringence: δ = 0.027 | [22] | |
| Nasledovite | PbMn3Al4(CO3)4(SO4)O5 · 5H2O | 3.069 | Biaxial | [23] | ||||
| Paraotwayite | Ni(OH)2-x(SO4,CO3)0.5x | monoclinic | a = 7.89 b = 2.96 c = 13.63 β = 91.1° | 318 | 3.30 | Biaxial nα = 1.655 nγ = 1.705 Max birefringence: δ = 0.050 emerald-green | [24] | |
| Philolithite | Pb12Mn2+(Mg,Mn2+)2(Mn2+,Mg)4(CO3)4(SO4)O6(OH)12Cl4[1] | Tetragonal | a = 12.627 c = 12.595 | 2008.2 | Biaxial (+) nα = 1.920 nβ = 1.940 nγ = 1.950 Max birefringence: δ = 0.030 apple green | [25] | ||
| Putnisite | SrCa4Cr83+(CO3)8(SO4)(OH)16·25 H2O | Orthorhombic | Pnma | a = 15.351 b = 20.421 c = 18.270 Z = 4 | 5727.3 | Biaxial(-); α = 1.552 nβ = 1.583 nγ = 1.599 Max birefringence: δ =0.047 violet | [26] | |
| Pyroaurite | Mg6Fe2(SO4,CO3)(OH)16·4H2O | Trigonal | R3_m | a = 3.1094 c = 23.4117 | 196.03 | 2.1 | Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.564 nε = 1.543 Max birefringence: δ = 0.021 | [27] |
| Hexagonal | P63/mmc | a = 3.113 c = 15.61 | 131.01 | |||||
| Rapidcreekite | Ca2(SO4)(CO3)•4H2O | orthorhombic | a = 15.49 b = 19.18 c = 6.15 | 1827.15 | Biaxial (+) nα = 1.516 nβ = 1.518 nγ = 1.531 2V: measured: 45° , calculated: 44° Max birefringence: δ = 0.015 | [28] | ||
| Schröckingerite | NaCa3(UO2)(SO4)(CO3)3F•10(H2O)[17] | triclinic | P1 | a = 9.634 b = 9.635 c = 14.391 α = 91.41(1)°, β = 92.33(1)°, γ = 120.26(1)° | Biaxial (-) nα = 1.495 nβ = 1.543 nγ = 1.544 Max birefringence: δ = 0.049 | [29] | ||
| Susannite | Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2[1] | trigonal | P3 | a = 9.07 Å, c = 11.57 Å Z=3 | 824.62 | 6.52 | clear | [30] |
| Tatarskite | Ca6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4•7H2O[31] | Orthorhombic | 2.341 | nα = 1.567(2) nβ = 1.654(2) nγ = 1.722 biaxial(-) 2V=83 | [32] | |||
| Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O | hexagonal | P63 | a = 11.030 c = 10.396 | 1095.3 | Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.507 nε = 1.468 Max birefringence: δ = 0.039 | [33] | |
| Tychite | Na6Mg2(SO4)(CO3)4 | Isometric | Fd3 | a = 13.9038 Z=8 | 2687.82 | 2.456 | isotropic | [34] |
| Alloriite | Na19K6Ca5[Al22Si26O96](SO4)5Cl(CO3)x(H2O) | trigonal | P31c | a = 12.892 c = 21.340 | [35] | |||
| Potassium-Schröckingerite | KCa3(UO2)(CO3)3(SO4)F•10H2O | triclinic | Yellow | [36] |
Artificial
| name | formula | formula weight | crystal system | space group | unit cell | volume | density | refractive index | comment | CAS | reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na4CO3SO4 | Hexagonal | P3m1 | a=5.2284 c=6.8808 Z=1 | 2.538 | uniaxial (-) n=~1.45 | [37][38] | |||||
| Mg4(OH)2(CO3)2SO4·6H2O | [39] | ||||||||||
| LDH-SO4-CO3 | Mg6Al2SO4CO3(OH)14·4H2O | P3m | a=3.070 c=22.3 | layered | [40] | ||||||
| Co6Al2SO4CO3(OH)14·4H2O | [40] | ||||||||||
| Cu6Al2SO4CO3(OH)14·4H2O | [40] | ||||||||||
| Complexes | |||||||||||
| Tetrammine carbonatocobalt(III) sulfate trihydrate | [Co(NH3)4CO3]2SO4·3H2O | Monoclinic | P21/c | a=7.455 b=10.609 c=23.627 β =98.346 Z=4 | 1849 | 1.88 | dark red | [41] | |||
| μ-Carbonato-bis(pentaamminecobalt(III)) sulfate tetrahydrate | [Co(NH3)5]2CO3SO4·4H2O | dark red | 49731-04-6 | [42] | |||||||
| μ-Carbonato-μ-dihydroxo-bis(triamminecobalt(III)) sulfate pentahydrate | [(NH3)3Co(μ-OH)2(μ-CO3)Co(NH3)3]SO4 . 5H2O | 500.21 | Triclinic | a= 6.6914 b= 11.2847 c= 11.825, α = 92.766 β= 99.096 γ= 101.496 | 861.1 | 1.929 | dark red | 75476-69-6 | [43] | ||