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Davide King (talk | contribs) ce wls | →Vilayet of Janina: +reference to the massacre perpetrated by the Greeks | ||
Line 183: The Greek army sought to take full control of the [[Vilayet of Janina]] in the Balkan Wars and as it marched northwards, its campaign was resisted by local Albanians. One of the first regions which were captured by the Greek army in the Vilayet of Janina was [[Chameria]] (today almost entirely part of Greece). Within a few days after the Greek army secured control of the region, a Greek [[Crete|Cretan]] paramilitary under commanders Deligiannakis and Spiros Fotis, killed 75 Cham notables of Paramythia who were gathered to pledge allegiance to the Greek state. A few months later, more Cham notables were murdered by Greek authorities. In their internal correspondence, Italian diplomats in the region noted that this was a tactic employed to end Cham Albanian influence in the region by eliminating their elite class.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dorlhiac |first1=Renaud |editor1-last=Horel |editor1-first=Catherine |editor2-last=Severin-Barboutie |editor2-first=Bettina |title=Population Displacements and Multiple Mobilities in the Late Ottoman Empire |date=2023 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004543690 |url=https://brill.com/display/book/9789004543690/BP000013.xml |chapter=Muslims of Epirus, Muslims of Empire? The Cham Issue in Relation to Albanian, Greek and Turkish National Projects (1908–25) |p=62 |quote=During the Balkan Wars, the embedding of Epirus within the Greek state gave rise to fierce fighting and atrocities. The main slaughter occurred near Skupitza on 24 March 1913, at a moment when the Greek conquest was almost complete.6 On that day seventy-five Cham notables who had gathered to pledge allegiance to the newly established Greek authorities were murdered in Seljani by the Cretan çetas of Deligiannakis and Spiros Fotis (with the assent and support of the Greek captain Dimitriades), who were supposed to escort them to the town of Paramithia.}}</ref> As a response to resistance, the Greek forces began executing irregulars and regularly killing prisoners; authorities also encouraged harsher actions against civilians. These measures were common by the time the Greek forces entered Albania. According to an infantry officer, villagers were "mowed down like sparrows" and houses were being burnt down.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tsoutsoumpis |first=Spyros |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=okMtDwAAQBAJ |title=The Wars of Yesterday: The Balkan Wars and the Emergence of Modern Military Conflict, 1912-13 |date=2018 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-1785337758 |editor-last=Boeckh |editor-first=Katrin |page=217 |chapter=Morale, Ideology and the Barbarization of warfare among Greek soldiers |quote="The military authorities also endorsed progressively harsher measures against civilians. Irregulars were shot on the spot without a trial. The killing of prisoners, which was initially rare, became customary. By the time the Greek army had reached Albania, where it again met resistance, such practices had become the norm. An infantry officer noted in December 1912: 'today I fully understood the savagery of the war. Women and children were crying. The villagers were being mowed down like sparrows. The houses were all alight from one end to the other. Hideous, hideous'." |editor-last2=Rutar |editor-first2=Sabine}}</ref> As the Greek army was forced to withdraw officially from Albania as the [[Albanian Declaration of Independence]] was recognized internationally it organized a militia under the "[[Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus]]" which was composed mainly of bandits and deserters which engaged in arson, hostage-taking and looting as a means to fight to fight against Albanian militias. The activities of Greek forces in Albania resulted in Muslim Albanian towns like [[Tepelenë]], [[Leskovik]] and [[Frashër]] and many villages to be burnt down completely Events which involve the activities of the Greek army in Albania were extensively described in works by local Albanian writers who lived in the area. In 1917, the book “''Greek Barbarians in South Albania''”, written by Kosta Papa Tomorri, an Albanian Orthodox priest, originally from [[Leusë]], was published. Tomorri describes how he witnessed the massacres of Albanian civilians carried out by the invading Greek troopers in 1913. The book was dedicated to [[Mehmed Konica|Mehmet bey Konica]]. Known as the "Areza offensive", in the district of [[Leskovik]], in the village of Arëze and [[Barmash]], Greek troops entered the village of [[Leshnjë]] and killed men, women with children with knifes.<ref>{{cite book |title=Costa Tomori Leusa (Kosta Tomori Leusa) - Barbarite Greke Ne Shqiperi 1917 {{!}} PDF |date=1917 |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/392170758/Costa-Tomori-Leusa-Kosta-Tomori-Leusa-Barbarite-Greke-Ne-Shqiperi-1917# |access-date=4 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>{{better source|date=September 2023}} | |||
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