The Shivalli Brahmins are a Hindu Brahmin community in Karnataka. They are divided into two groups, the first of who follow the Dvaita philosophy founded by the Vaishnava saint Madhvacharya of Udupi are called Shivalli Madhva Brahmins, and the second of who follow the Advaita philosophy of Adi Shankara are known as Shivalli Smartha Brahmins. Majority of Shivalli Brahmins (Shivalli Brahmana's) are Madhvas and only a few of them are Smarthas.[1][2]
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Udupi District, Karnataka Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka Kasaragod District, Kerala Shimoga District, Karnataka Bhatkal Taluk, Karnataka | |
| Languages | |
| Tulu, Kannada, Sanskrit | |
| Religion | |
| Hinduism Divisions based on sect: Smarthism Madhwas Divisions based on Veda Rigveda Yajur Veda |
Udupi cuisine
Shivalli Brahmins are famous for Udupi hotels (vegetarian restaurants) known for serving typical south Indian dishes like idli, vada, dosa, shira and upma etc.[3] Shivalli Brahmins have a unique style of cooking, serving and eating meals. The meal is served on a plantain (banana) leaf and is usually eaten by hand, seated with padmasana like position on the floor.[4] [citation needed]
Rituals and customs
Rituals
Shivalli Brahmin males undergo the Upanayana when they turn seven years old to initiate them into Vedic studies.[citation needed] It is also known as Brahmopadesham. The key ritual during the Upanayana is that of putting a sacred thread consisting of three cotton strands across the left shoulder of the boy, called Janivara. The initiate is called a dvija "twice-born" and is expected to perform the sandhyavandanam at least twice daily. Dvija has a special knot in it which is called as "Brahma Gantu". Shivalli Madhwa Brahmins also undergo the Upakarma, where the sacred thread is changed once a year and mudradharana is performed. Mudradharana is a ritual where Vaishnavite symbols like the conch or the wheel are etched on bodies as a ritual of purification.[5]
Marriage
Present day marriages of Shivalli Madhva Brahmins are a four-day ceremony, sometimes condensed to a single day due to the fast pace of today's life. On the occasion of wedding, three more strands are added to the sacred thread Janivara.[6][clarification needed]
Festivals
Shivalli Brahmins celebrate all major Hindu festivals such as Ganesh Chaturthi, Deepavali, Navaratri, Sankranti, Madhwanavami, Janmashtami, Maha Shivaratri, Bisu Parba(Tulu New Year), Ramanavami, Hanuman Jayanthi etc. They also believe in Nagaradhane and rituals of Bhuta Kola.[7][citation needed]
See also
Notes
References
- Gururaja Bhat, P., Studies in Tuluva History and Culture, 1975.
- Gururaja Bhat, P., Tuḷunāḍu, 1963
- Hebbar, Neria H., "Customs and Classes of Hinduism", 2 March 2003.
- Hebbar, Neria H., "The Tale of Tuluva Brahmins", p. 2, 12 January 2003.
- Rajalakshmi, U.B., Udupi Cuisine, Bangalore: Prism Books, ISBN 978-81-7286-175-9