The E-mu SP-12 is a sampling drum machine.[1] Designed in 1984, SP-12 was announced by E-mu Systems in 1985.[2] Expanding on the features of E-mu’s affordable and commercially successful Drumulator, a programmable digital drum machine, SP-12 introduced user sampling, enabling musicians to sample their own drums and other sounds. In August 1987, E-mu replaced SP-12 with SP-1200.[2]
History
Developed as a successor to the Drumulator, SP-12 was initially advertised as “Drumulator II” by E-mu Systems at the NAMM Winter Music & Sound Market and Musikmesse Frankfurt[3] in February of 1985 before being launched officially at that summer’s NAMM International Music & Sound Expo.[2][4] “SP” is an initialism for “Sampling Percussion,” and 12 is a reference to its 12-bit linear data format.[5]
E-mu made a “Turbo” upgrade available which increased the total memory for user samples to 5 seconds. SP-1200, featuring an integrated disk drive for storage and more RAM allowing for more total user sampling time in place of the preset ROM drum sounds, replaced SP-12 in E-mu’s product line in August 1987. [2][6]
Features
In contrast to other early sampling instruments integrating piano-style keyboards, such as E-mu’s Emulator series of digital sampling synthesizers, Ensoniq Mirage, or Fairlight CMI,[1] SP-12 instead used plastic buttons to play drum sounds on its top panel. Dynamics can be performed using a piezo sensor on the circuit board listening for the button’s impact, a technology invented by E-mu co-founder Scott Wedge.[2][7]
SP-12 uses a 12-bit linear data format and the same 26.04kHz sample rate E-mu previously used in Drumulator and subsequently reused in SP-1200.[2][8][9][10][11][12] The sample rate was chosen early on in Drumulator’s development as a compromise between bandwidth and sampling time.[2][8][13] A reconstruction filter was deliberately omitted, resulting in a brighter sound due to imaging (sounds above the sample rate).[10][13]
SP-12 includes 24 12-bit[2] preset ROM sounds consisting of two bass drum, two snare, two electronic snare, rimshot, cowbell, four toms, four electronic tom, three hi-hat, two clap, two ride cymbal, and crash cymbal sounds. Although the panel legend is marked with 8 positions for user samples, up to 32 user samples can be used.[14]
The original SP-12 had a maximum sampling time of 1.2 seconds while with the Turbo upgrade it has a maximum sampling time of 5 seconds. The SP-12 has a 5000-note memory allowing it to store 100 songs and 100 patterns; with the turbo upgrade, this is increased to 400 songs and 400 patterns.[15]
SP-12 can synchronize to and generate MIDI, SMPTE, and analog click signals as well as send and receive MIDI note triggers.[2][10]
Trivia
- The SP-12 is almost identical in design to the E-mu Emulator II and many of the knobs and buttons are interchangeable.
- Some of the original SP-12s have "Emulator SP12" written on them.
- Original SP-12's were known to have "Paul is the Walrus" and "Paul is dead" written on the motherboard.
- Later SP-12's Had "Loonie Tunes World Tour" written on the motherboards.
- The Beastie Boys reference the SP-12 in their song "Putting Shame In Your Game" from their 1998 album Hello Nasty with the line, "Well I'm the Benihana chef on the SP12." Rappin 4 Tay in Players Club (1994) says "I got a ho named reel-to-reel, she got a buddy named SP-12, now you know the deal." Young MC raps in the song Album Filler (1991) "It's just me, a mic, and an SP-12."
- Big Grams, the collaboration between Big Boi and Phantogram references the SP-12 alongside other famous drum machines and sequencers such as the Roland TR-808 and Roland TR-909 in their song "Drum Machine" featuring Skrillex.
Notable Users
- Bizarre Inc[16]
- Def IV[17]
- Paul C[18]
- Prince Paul[19]
- Rick Rubin in Rhymin & Stealin on the Beastie Boys album Licensed to Ill[20]
See also
References
External links
- E-mu Systems SP-12 twelve bit sampling percussion system (PDF) (Brochure). E-mu Systems, Inc.