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SM U-28 (Germany)

SM U-28[a] was a Type U 27 U-boat that served in the First World War. It conducted 5 patrols, sinking 40 ships totalling 90,126 GRT.

A submarine on the surface in the middle distance on the right. Nearer to the camera, on the left, is a small steam vessel.
SM U-28 seen from Batavier V, a ship she captured as a prize in March 1915.
History
German Empire
NameU-28
Ordered19 February 1912
BuilderKaiserliche Werft, Danzig
Yard number18
Launched30 August 1913
Commissioned26 June 1914
FateSunk 2 September 1917. 39 dead.
General characteristics [1]
Class and typeGerman Type U 27 submarine
Displacement
  • 675 t (664 long tons) surfaced
  • 878 t (864 long tons) submerged
Length64.70 m (212 ft 3 in) (o/a)
Beam6.32 m (20 ft 9 in)
Draught3.48 m (11 ft 5 in)
Speed
  • 16.7 knots (30.9 km/h; 19.2 mph) surfaced
  • 9.8 knots (18.1 km/h; 11.3 mph) submerged
Range
  • 8,420 nmi (15,590 km; 9,690 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) surfaced
  • 85 nmi (157 km; 98 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) submerged
Test depth50 m (164 ft)
Complement4 officers, 31 enlisted
Armament
Service record
Part of:
  • IV Flotilla
  • 1 August 1914 - Unknown end
  • Training Flotilla
  • Unknown start – 10 May 1917
  • IV Flotilla
  • 10 May – 2 September 1917
Commanders:
  • Kptlt. Freiherr Georg-Günther von Forstner[2]
  • 1 August 1914 – 14 June 1916
  • Kptlt. Otto Rohrbeck[3]
  • 15 June – 4 August 1916
  • Kptlt. Freiherr von Loë-Degenhart[4]
  • 5 August 1916 – 14 January 1917
  • Kptlt. Georg Schmidt[5]
  • 15 January – 2 September 1917[6]
Operations:5 patrols
Victories:
  • 39 merchant ships sunk
    (89,632 GRT)
  • 1 auxiliary warship sunk
    (494 GRT)
  • 3 merchant ships damaged
    (14,976 GRT)
  • 2 merchant ships taken as prize
    (3,226 GRT)
SM U-28 sinking the SS Falaba

Career

U-28 was commissioned into the Imperial German Navy on 26 June 1914, with Freiherr Georg-Günther von Forstner (1882-1940) in command.[2]Commander von Forstner was relieved on 15 June 1916 by Otto Rohrbeck, who was in turn relieved on 5 August by Freiherr von Loe-Degenhart. On 15 January 1917, Georg Schmidt took command.

On 30 July 1915, U-28 sank the British steamer Iberian. According to Commander von Forstner's account of the incident, the wreckage remained under the water for about 25 seconds until an explosion sent some of the debris flying up. It is said that along with the debris, a creature described as a "gigantic aquatic animal" resembling a crocodile was seen, which quickly disappeared from sight.[7]

Sinking

U-28's final patrol began on 19 August 1917, when it departed from Emden for the Arctic Ocean. On 2 September, at 11:55 am, it encountered the armed English steamer Olive Branch, 85 nautical miles (157 km; 98 mi) north-by-northeast of North Cape, Norway. U-28 scored a torpedo hit, and closed in to finish the steamer with gunfire. The shells detonated Olive Branch's cargo of munitions, which it had been carrying from England to Arkhangelsk, Russia, and the subsequent explosion so badly damaged the U-boat that it sank along with the steamer. All 39 of its crew were lost; some were seen swimming, but were not picked up by Olive Branch's lifeboats.[8]

An alternative description of the event states that when the ammunition detonated, a truck carried as deck cargo was blown into the air and fell from a great height on the U-boat, sinking it.[9]

Summary of raiding history

DateNameNationalityTonnage[b]Fate[10]
17 March 1915Leeuwarden  United Kingdom990Sunk
18 March 1915Zaanstrom  Netherlands1,657Captured as prize
18 March 1915Batavier V  Netherlands1,569Captured as prize
25 March 1915Medea  Netherlands1,235Sunk
27 March 1915Aguila  United Kingdom2,114Sunk
27 March 1915South Point  United Kingdom3,837Sunk
27 March 1915Vosges  United Kingdom1,295Sunk
28 March 1915Falaba  United Kingdom4,806Sunk
28 March 1915City Of Cambridge  United Kingdom3,788Damaged
29 March 1915Flaminian  United Kingdom3,500Sunk
29 March 1915Theseus  United Kingdom6,723Damaged
30 March 1915Crown of Castile  United Kingdom4,505Sunk
30 July 1915Iberian  United Kingdom5,223Sunk
31 July 1915Nugget  United Kingdom405Sunk
31 July 1915Turquoise  United Kingdom486Sunk
1 August 1915Benvorlich  United Kingdom3,381Sunk
1 August 1915Clintonia  United Kingdom3,830Sunk
1 August 1915Koophandel  Belgium1,736Sunk
1 August 1915Ranza  United Kingdom2,320Sunk
2 August 1915HMS Portia  Royal Navy494Sunk
3 August 1915Costello  United Kingdom1,591Sunk
4 August 1915Midland Queen  Canada1,993Sunk
26 March 1916Norne  Norway1,224Sunk
28 March 1916Rio Tiete  United Kingdom3,042Sunk
30 March 1916Trewyn  United Kingdom3,084Sunk
30 March 1916Saint Hubert  France232Sunk
31 March 1916Vigo  Spain1,137Sunk
1 April 1916Bengairn  United Kingdom2,127Sunk
29 May 1917Fridtjof Nansen  Norway2,190Sunk
29 May 1917Karna  Norway210Sunk
29 May 1917Kodan  Norway217Sunk
3 June 1917Merioneth  United Kingdom3,004Sunk
4 June 1917Algol  Russia2,088Sunk
5 June 1917Alaska  Norway90Sunk
5 June 1917Duen  Norway30Sunk
5 June 1917Sydkap  Norway40Sunk
8 June 1917Manchester Engineer  United Kingdom4,465Damaged
8 June 1917Sverre II  Norway44Sunk
10 June 1917Marie Elsie  United Kingdom2,615Sunk
10 June 1917Perla  United Kingdom5,355Sunk
28 August 1917Hidalgo  United Kingdom4,271Sunk
28 August 1917Whitecourt  United Kingdom3,680Sunk
28 August 1917Marselieza  Russia3,568Sunk
1 September 1917Dront  Russia3,488Sunk
2 September 1917Olive Branch  United Kingdom4,649Sunk

See also

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

  • Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). German Warships 1815–1945, U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.

72°34′N 27°56′E / 72.567°N 27.933°E / 72.567; 27.933

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