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SAKO (programming language)

SAKO (PL: System Automatycznego KOdowania[3] - EN: An Automatic Coding System[4]) is a Polish language-based programming language written in years 1959-1960 by a team from ZAM division of Polish Academy of Sciences[5]. Originally developed for the computers XYZ and ZAM-2, in later years also for ZAM-21, ZAM-41 and Mińsk-22.[6]

SAKO
Designed byLeon Łukaszewicz, Antoni Mazurkiewicz, Jan Borowiec, Jowita Koncewicz, Maria Łącka, Stefan Sawicki, Jerzy Swianiewicz, Piotr Szorc, Alfred Szurman and Andrzej Wiśniewski[1]
DeveloperPolish Academy of Sciences
First appeared1960; 64 years ago (1960)
Influenced by
Fortran[2]

General features of the SAKO language:

  • commands similar to sentences used in natural language
  • shortened the time of learning the principles of programming
  • easy to use, reduced coding time
  • transparent program code, low probability of making a mistake

It had a static address allocation. It was possible to insert code in SAS macro assembler. The compilation proceeded in two stages:

  1. From SAKO to simplified SAS macro assembler (SAS-W).
  2. From SAS-W to machine language.

The most characteristic feature of SAKO are Polish commands, e.g. CZYTAJ, SKOCZ DO. Designed primarily for programming numerical calculations.

"Hello, world" example

TEKST:  HELLO, WORLDLINIASTOP NASTEPNYKONIEC

References

  • Prace Zakładu Aparatów Matematycznych PAN, "System Automatycznego Kodowania SAKO. Cz. 1, Opis języka", PAN – Warszawa 1961
  • Leon Łukaszewicz, Antoni Mazurkiewicz "System automatycznego kodowania SAKO" Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, Polish Academy of Sciences Publishing House, Wrocław-Warszawa-Kraków 1966
  • "COMPUTERS AND CENTERS, OVERSEAS: 6. Instytut Maszyn Matematycznych, ZAM 2, Warsaw, Poland". Digital Computer Newsletter. 16 (1): 22–23. 1964. Archived from the original on June 3, 2018.
  • Antoni Mazurkiewicz "Arithmetic Formulae and the Use of Subroutines in SAKO" Annual Review in Automatic Programming, Vol. 2
  • Leon Łukaszewicz "SAKO — An Automatic Coding System" Annual Review in Automatic Programming, Vol. 2
  • Władysław Turski "Some Results of Research on Automatic Programming in Eastern Europe" Advances in Computers, Vol. 5
  • "Algorytmy" Vol. 1 No. 1, Institute of Mathematical Machines, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw
  • CIA-RDP80T00246A011500230001-8

Citations

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