Quaternary carbon

quaternary carbon
Structural formula of neopentane (quaternary carbon is highlighted red)

A quaternary carbon is a carbon atom bound to four other carbon atoms.[1] For this reason, quaternary carbon atoms are found only in hydrocarbons having at least five carbon atoms. Quaternary carbon atoms can occur in branched alkanes, but not in linear alkanes.[2]

primary carbonsecondary carbontertiary carbonquaternary carbon
General structure
(R = Organyl group)
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Partial
Structural formula
frameless=1.0frameless=1.0frameless=1.0frameless=1.0

Synthesis

The formation of chiral quaternary carbon centers has been a synthetic challenge. Chemists have developed asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions,[3] Heck reaction, Enyne cyclization, cycloaddition reactions,[4] C–H activation, Allylic substitution, [5] Pauson–Khand reaction, [6] etc. to construct asymmetric quaternary carbon atoms.

References