quaternary carbon |
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Structural formula of neopentane (quaternary carbon is highlighted red) |
A quaternary carbon is a carbon atom bound to four other carbon atoms.[1] For this reason, quaternary carbon atoms are found only in hydrocarbons having at least five carbon atoms. Quaternary carbon atoms can occur in branched alkanes, but not in linear alkanes.[2]
primary carbon | secondary carbon | tertiary carbon | quaternary carbon | |
General structure (R = Organyl group) | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Partial Structural formula | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Synthesis
The formation of chiral quaternary carbon centers has been a synthetic challenge. Chemists have developed asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions,[3] Heck reaction, Enyne cyclization, cycloaddition reactions,[4] C–H activation, Allylic substitution, [5] Pauson–Khand reaction, [6] etc. to construct asymmetric quaternary carbon atoms.
References
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