The Proto-Khmeric language is the reconstructed proto-language of the Khmeric languages. It has been reconstructed by Sidwell & Rau (2015), whose reconstruction is based on the sound laws provided in Ferlus (1992). It is agreed by most scholars that this language was phased out by 300 CE.
Proto-Khmeric | |
---|---|
Reconstruction of | Khmer dialects |
Reconstructed ancestor |
Reconstructed forms
The reconstructed Proto-Khmeric forms below are from Sidwell & Rau (2015: 273, 340-363).
Gloss | Proto-Khmeric |
---|---|
all | *grɔp |
ashes | *pheːh |
bark (of tree) | *smpɔːk |
belly | *buŋ |
big | *luoŋ ~ *ruoŋ |
to bite | *tkiːr ~ *tkɛːr, *kat |
black | *kmaw |
blood | *ɟhaːm |
boat | *duok |
bone | *cʔəŋ |
breast | *tɔh |
to burn (vt.) | *tut, *ʔus |
candle | *dian |
claw/nail | *krcɔːk |
cloud | *-(b/w)ɔːk |
cold | *rŋaː(r) |
to come/arrive | *mɔːk |
die (of a person) | *slap |
dog | *cɔː, *ckɛː |
to drink (water) | *phik |
dry (adj./stat.) | *praŋ |
ear | *(t/c)rciək |
earth/soil | *tiː |
to eat | *cie |
eye | *pnɛːk |
fat/grease/oil | *klaɲ |
feather | *slaːp |
fire | *ʔus |
fish (n.) | *triː |
fly (v.) | *həːr |
foot | *ɟəːŋ |
full (vessel) | *beːɲ |
give | *ʔoːj |
good | *lʔɔː |
green | *kciː |
group | *buak |
hair (of head) | *suk |
hand | *təj |
to hear/listen | *stap |
heart | *klim |
horn | *sneːŋ |
I | *ʔaɲ |
to kill | *psiət, *smlap |
know | *cih, *sgal |
leaf | *slik |
to learn | *rian |
to lie (down) | *tiek |
liver | *tləːm |
long | *wɛːŋ |
louse (head) | *ciː |
man/husband | *ɟmoːl |
meat/flesh | *sac |
moon | *khɛː |
mountain/hill | *bnɔm, *duol |
mouth | *mat |
name | *ɟmɔh |
neck | *kɔː |
new | *tmiː |
night | *jɔp |
nose | *crmuh |
not | *ʔət ~ *ʔɔt ~ *ʔit |
oil | *prieŋ |
one | *muoj |
person/human | *ʔnak |
rain | *pliəŋ |
red | *krhɔːm |
road, path | *gnlɔːŋ |
root (of a tree) | *ris |
round (object) | *wiel, *rwiəl, *rwɔŋ |
sand | *ksac |
see | *jɔl, *ghəːɲ |
sit | *guj |
skin | *spɛːk |
sleep | *tiːk |
small | *tic, *cmaːr |
smoke (n.) | (?*psɛːɲ) |
to offer | *ɟuon |
to speak, say | *srtiː |
to stand | *ɟhɔːr |
star | *pkaːj |
stone | *tmɔː |
sun | *tŋaj |
to swim | *hɛːl(?) |
that (dist.) | *nɔh |
this (prox.) | *nih |
tongue | *ʔntaːt |
tree | *ɟhəː |
two | *bier |
to walk, go | *təːr |
warm/hot | *ktaw |
water | *tɨk |
white | *skuː, *sɔː |
woman/wife | *knsaj, *kntaj |
Lexical innovations
Selected Khmeric lexical innovations:[1]
Gloss | Proto-Austroasiatic | Old Khmer | Modern Khmer | Surin Khmer |
---|---|---|---|---|
‘fish’ | *kaʔ | triː~treː | trəj | trɛj |
‘chicken’ | *ʔiər | – | moan | mɯan |
‘dog’ | *cɔːʔ | cʰkɛː | cʰkae | ʨkɛː |
See also
References
- Ferlus, Michel. 1992. Essai de phonétique historique du khmer (Du milieu du premier millénaire de notre ère à l'époque actuelle). Mon-Khmer Studies 21: 57–89.
- Sidwell, Paul and Felix Rau (2015). "Austroasiatic Comparative-Historical Reconstruction: An Overview." In Jenny, Mathias and Paul Sidwell, eds (2015). The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages. Leiden: Brill.
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