Port Blair

The indigenous inhabitants are the Andamanese. Radiocarbon dating studies of the kitchen refuse dumps from the mounds excavated by the Anthropological Survey of India at Choladari near Port Blair indicate human occupation for at least 2,000 years,^{[6][7][better source needed]} although they are likely to have diverged from the inhabitants of the mainland significantly earlier.

In 1789 the Government of Bengal established a penal colony on Chatham Island in the southeast bay of Great Andaman, named Port Blair in the honour of Archibald Blair of the East India Company. After two years, the colony moved to the northeast part of Great Andaman and was named Port Cornwallis after Admiral William Cornwallis. However, there was much disease and death in the penal colony, and the government ceased operating it in May 1796.

In 1824 Port Cornwallis was the rendezvous of the fleet carrying the army to the First Anglo-Burmese War. In the 1830s and 1840s, shipwrecked crews who landed on the Andamans were often attacked and killed by the natives, alarming the British government. In 1855, the government proposed another settlement on the islands, including a convict establishment, but the Indian Rebellion of 1857 forced a delay in its construction.

However, since the rebellion provided the British with a lot of new prisoners, it made the new Andaman settlement and prison an urgent necessity. Construction began in November 1857 at the renovated Port Blair, avoiding the vicinity of a saltwater swamp that seemed to have been the source of many of the old colony's problems. The penal colony was originally on Viper Island. The convicts, mostly political prisoners, suffered life imprisonment at hard labour under cruel and degrading conditions. Many were hanged, while others died of disease and starvation. Between 1864 and 1867 a penal establishment was also built with convict labour on the northern side of Ross Island.^[8] These structures now lie in ruins.^[9]

As the Indian independence movement continued to grow in the late 19th century, the enormous Cellular Jail was constructed between 1896 and 1906 to house Indian convicts, mostly political prisoners, in solitary confinement. The Cellular Jail is also known as Kala Pani (translated as "Black Waters"), a name given to it due to the torture and general ill-treatment of its Indian convicts.

In World War II the islands were occupied by the Japanese on 23 March 1942 without opposition from the garrison. From 1943 to 1944, Port Blair served as the headquarters of the Azad Hind government under Subhas Chandra Bose. British forces returned to the islands in October 1945.^[10]

Although affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, Port Blair survived sufficiently to act as a base for relief efforts in the islands. In 2017 it was selected as one of the cities to be developed as a smart city under the Smart Cities Mission.^[11]

Port Blair has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am), with little variation in average temperature and large amounts of precipitation throughout the year. All months except January, February, and March receive substantial rainfall.

Highest recorded temperature: 36.8 °C (98.2 °F) on 20 April 2013^[12]

Lowest recorded temperature: 14.6 °C (58.3 °F) on 5 June 1986^[12]

Port Blair is the entry point for all tourism-related activities. Tourists first have to arrive at Port Blair before progressing on to any other islands in Andaman. At Port Blair, the major tourist places to visit are the Cellular Jail, Corbyns Cove Beach, North Bay Island, Ross Island renamed to Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Island, Chidiatapu, Wandoor, Samudrika Naval Marine Museum, and other museums that are present within city limits. Entry charges apply to some of the tourist places.^{[citation needed]}

As of 2011^[update] India census,^[19] Port Blair had a population of 100,608. Males constitute 52.92% (53,247) of the population and females 47.07% (47,361). 9.3% of the population is under the age of 6 years.

Bengali is the most spoken language of the city, followed by Telugu, Hindi, and Tamil.^[20] Hindi is the official language of the region, while English is declared an additional official language for communication purposes.^[21]

The most common religion is Hinduism, followed by Christianity and Islam.^{[citation needed]}

Port Blair has an average literacy rate of 89.76%, higher than the national average that is 74.04%. In Port Blair, male literacy is 92.79%, and female literacy is 86.34%.^{[citation needed]}

The Port Blair Municipal Council, abbreviated as PBMC is the ruling civic body administering the city of Port Blair, the capital and the largest city in the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The council came into existence on 2 October 1957 after the assent by the President of India to the Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Municipal Board's) Regulation, 1957 Act on 11 March 1957. The council comprises a total of 24 wards after the recent delimitation and the expansion of the city limits with the merger of a few other villages to the existing 18 wards previously.^[22][23]

The recent elections for the council were held in 2022.^[24][25] U. Kavitha from Ward 24 a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party was elected as the chairperson for the first term which commenced on 16 March 2022.^[26][27] On 14 March 2023, Telugu Desam Party councilor S. Selvi from Ward 5 was elected as the chairperson for the second year term commencing from 16 March 2023 as part of the joint candidature from the BJP-TDP Alliance.^[28][29]

Port Blair Municipal Council
Type
Type	Municipal council
History
Founded	2 October 1957 (66 years ago) (2 October 1957)
Leadership
Chairperson	S. Selvi, TDP since 16 March 2023
Secretary	Smitha R, IAS
Structure
Seats	24
Political groups	Government (13)   BJP (10)   TDP (2)   IND (1) Opposition (11)   UPA (11)   INC (10)   DMK (1)
Elections
Last election	2022
Next election	2027
Meeting place
Indira Bhavan
Website
pbmc.gov.in

• Tagore Government College of Education

• Andaman and Nicobar college
• Jawaharlal Nehru Government College

• Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute of Technology

• Andaman Law College

• Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences

• 
  Statue of Rajiv Gandhi
• 
  Sunset in the bay
• 
  Gandhi statue, Gandhi park
• 
  Seaside Road
• 
  Cellular Jail
• 
  Port Blair Science Centre
• 
  Jaljeevshala Aquarium
• 
  Aberdeen clock tower
• 
  Memorial for the 1859 Battle of Aberdeen
• 
  Port Blair Jain temple

• Charles James Lyall
• Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
• Havelock island

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Port Blair.

• Port Blair travel guide from Wikivoyage