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Operation Grommet

The United States's Grommet nuclear test series[1] was a group of 34 nuclear tests conducted in 1971–1972. These tests[note 1] followed the Operation Emery series and preceded the Operation Toggle series.

Operation Grommet
Grommet Cannikin, 4.8Mt. Largest U.S. Underground nuclear test.
Information
CountryUnited States
Test site
  • Amchitka Island, Alaska
  • NTS Area 12, Rainier Mesa
  • NTS Area 16, Shoshone Mountain
  • NTS Areas 5, 11, Frenchman Flat
  • NTS Areas 1–4, 6–10, Yucca Flat
Period1971–1972
Number of tests34
Test typeunderground shaft, tunnel
Max. yield4.8 megatonnes of TNT (20 PJ)
Test series chronology
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List of the nuclear tests

United States' Grommet series tests and detonations
Name[note 2]Date time (UT)Local time zone[note 3][2]Location[note 4]Elevation + height[note 5]Delivery[note 6]
Purpose[note 7]		Device[note 8]Yield[note 9]Fallout[note 10]ReferencesNotes
Diamond MineJuly 1, 1971 14:00:00.04PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U16a.06 37°00′41″N 116°12′15″W / 37.01148°N 116.20427°W / 37.01148; -116.20427 (Diamond Mine)1,896 m (6,220 ft) – 266.15 m (873.2 ft)tunnel,
joint verification		less than 20 kt[1][3][4]Designed to test detection of underground nuclear tests; see Vela Uniform.
MiniataJuly 8, 1971 14:00:00.082PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U2bu 37°06′37″N 116°03′10″W / 37.11018°N 116.05268°W / 37.11018; -116.05268 (Miniata)1,247 m (4,091 ft) – 528.83 m (1,735.0 ft)underground shaft,
peaceful research		83 ktVenting detected, 180 Ci (6,700 GBq)[1][3][4][5][6][7]Project Plowshare – device development.
BrackenJuly 9, 1971 14:00:00.16PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U10aq 37°09′52″N 116°02′01″W / 37.1644°N 116.0336°W / 37.1644; -116.0336 (Bracken)1,297 m (4,255 ft) – 304.8 m (1,000 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		250 tVenting detected, 1 Ci (37 GBq)[1][3][4][6][8]
ApodacaJuly 21, 1971 13:33:00.05PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3gs 37°00′52″N 115°59′34″W / 37.01436°N 115.99265°W / 37.01436; -115.99265 (Apodaca)1,195 m (3,921 ft) – 241.4 m (792 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		250 t[1][3][4][8]
BarrancaAugust 4, 1971 13:30:00.042PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3he 37°01′34″N 116°01′13″W / 37.02606°N 116.02031°W / 37.02606; -116.02031 (Barranca)1,187 m (3,894 ft) – 270.74 m (888.3 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		less than 20 kt[1][3][4]
Nama-Amarylis – 1August 5, 1971 18:07:45.2PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U9itsxy3 37°08′42″N 116°02′03″W / 37.14503°N 116.03417°W / 37.14503; -116.03417 (Nama-Amarylis – 1)1,273 m (4,177 ft) – 272.8 m (895 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		less than 20 kt[1][3][4]Simultaneous, separate holes.
Nama-Mephisto – 2August 5, 1971 18:07:45.2PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U9itsz27 37°08′26″N 116°01′56″W / 37.14062°N 116.03214°W / 37.14062; -116.03214 (Nama-Mephisto – 2)1,276 m (4,186 ft) +underground shaft,
weapons development		less than 20 kt[1][3][4]Simultaneous, separate holes.
BalticAugust 6, 1971 14:31:00.16PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U9itss25 37°08′18″N 116°02′31″W / 37.13843°N 116.04182°W / 37.13843; -116.04182 (Baltic)1,260 m (4,130 ft) – 411.48 m (1,350.0 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		less than 20 kt[1][3][4]
AlgodonesAugust 18, 1971 14:00:00.03PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3jn 37°03′26″N 116°02′14″W / 37.05715°N 116.0372°W / 37.05715; -116.0372 (Algodones)1,206 m (3,957 ft) – 527.61 m (1,731.0 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		67 kt[1][3][4][7][9]
Frijoles-Deming – 1September 22, 1971 14:00:00.037PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3jw 37°01′18″N 116°01′01″W / 37.02158°N 116.01694°W / 37.02158; -116.01694 (Frijoles-Deming – 1)1,186 m (3,891 ft) – 149.86 m (491.7 ft)underground shaft,
safety experiment		500 t[1][3][4][8]Simultaneous, separate holes.
Frijoles-Espuela – 2September 22, 1971 14:00:00.04PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3ju 37°01′22″N 116°01′01″W / 37.02268°N 116.01707°W / 37.02268; -116.01707 (Frijoles-Espuela – 2)1,186 m (3,891 ft) +underground shaft,
safety experiment		less than 5 kt[1][3][4]Simultaneous, separate holes.
Frijoles-Guaje – 3September 22, 1971 14:00:00.04PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3hf 37°01′28″N 116°00′58″W / 37.02438°N 116.01603°W / 37.02438; -116.01603 (Frijoles-Guaje – 3)1,186 m (3,891 ft) +underground shaft,
weapons development		less than 5 kt[1][3][4]Simultaneous, separate holes.
Frijoles-Petaca – 4September 22, 1971 14:00:00.04PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3hz 37°01′19″N 116°01′11″W / 37.02193°N 116.01963°W / 37.02193; -116.01963 (Frijoles-Petaca – 4)1,185 m (3,888 ft) +underground shaft,
weapons development		less than 5 kt[1][3][4]Simultaneous, separate holes.
PedernalSeptember 29, 1971 14:00:00.04PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3hg 37°00′40″N 116°00′29″W / 37.01101°N 116.00809°W / 37.01101; -116.00809 (Pedernal)1,180 m (3,870 ft) – 378.68 m (1,242.4 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		4 kt[1][3][4][9]
ChantillySeptember 29, 1971 14:30:00.14PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U2di 37°07′28″N 116°05′17″W / 37.12447°N 116.08798°W / 37.12447; -116.08798 (Chantilly)1,280 m (4,200 ft) – 330.71 m (1,085.0 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		less than 20 kt[1][3][4]
CathayOctober 8, 1971 14:30:00.15PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U9ch 37°06′49″N 116°02′18″W / 37.11373°N 116.0382°W / 37.11373; -116.0382 (Cathay)1,261 m (4,137 ft) – 377.95 m (1,240.0 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		7 kt[1][3][4][7][8]
LagoonOctober 14, 1971 14:30:00.16PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U10ar 37°10′48″N 116°03′14″W / 37.17987°N 116.05396°W / 37.17987; -116.05396 (Lagoon)1,286 m (4,219 ft) – 304.8 m (1,000 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		5 kt[1][3][4]
CannikinNovember 6, 1971 22:00:00.06BST (–11 hrs)
Amchitka Island, Alaska 51°28′12″N 179°06′24″E / 51.4699°N 179.10671°E / 51.4699; 179.10671 (Cannikin)63 m (207 ft) – 1,790 m (5,870 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		4.8 Mt[1][4][7]A test of the Spartan ABM warhead. The largest underground nuclear test ever.
Diagonal LineNovember 24, 1971 20:15:00.17PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U11g 36°52′45″N 115°56′09″W / 36.8793°N 115.93587°W / 36.8793; -115.93587 (Diagonal Line)1,010 m (3,310 ft) – 264.26 m (867.0 ft)underground shaft,
weapon effect		4 ktVenting detected off site, 6.8 kCi (250 TBq)[1][3][4][5][6][7]Picture of the "Ship of the Desert", a structure for capturing neutrons for experiments with this test: File:NNSA-NSO-1347.jpg.
ParnassiaNovember 30, 1971 15:45:00.15PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U2bc 37°09′38″N 116°04′16″W / 37.16045°N 116.07112°W / 37.16045; -116.07112 (Parnassia)1,302 m (4,272 ft) – 330.71 m (1,085.0 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		10 kt[1][3][4]
ChaenactisDecember 14, 1971 21:09:59.16PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U2dl 37°07′26″N 116°05′26″W / 37.12393°N 116.09049°W / 37.12393; -116.09049 (Chaenactis)1,281 m (4,203 ft) – 331.01 m (1,086.0 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		24 kt[1][3][4][7][8]
HospahDecember 14, 1971 21:10:01.04PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3je 37°01′33″N 116°01′48″W / 37.02584°N 116.02992°W / 37.02584; -116.02992 (Hospah)1,188 m (3,898 ft) – 302.03 m (990.9 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		11 kt[1][3][4]
YerbaDecember 14, 1971 21:10:01.04PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U1c 37°01′23″N 116°03′34″W / 37.02317°N 116.05957°W / 37.02317; -116.05957 (Yerba)1,202 m (3,944 ft) – 331.99 m (1,089.2 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		5 kt[1][3][4]
MescaleroJanuary 5, 1972 15:10:00.04PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3gu 37°02′44″N 116°01′49″W / 37.04565°N 116.03032°W / 37.04565; -116.03032 (Mescalero)1,198 m (3,930 ft) – 120.24 m (394.5 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		less than 20 kt[1][3][4]
CowlesFebruary 3, 1972 21:45:00.04PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3hx 37°00′04″N 116°01′13″W / 37.00105°N 116.02016°W / 37.00105; -116.02016 (Cowles)1,178 m (3,865 ft) – 301.78 m (990.1 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		2 kt[1][3][4][8][10]
DianthusFebruary 17, 1972 19:02:00.16PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U10at 37°09′56″N 116°03′26″W / 37.16566°N 116.05711°W / 37.16566; -116.05711 (Dianthus)1,279 m (4,196 ft) – 304.8 m (1,000 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		3.5 ktVenting detected, 18 Ci (670 GBq)[1][3][4][6][8]
SapphoMarch 23, 1972 18:50:00.16PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U2dh2 37°06′47″N 116°04′54″W / 37.113°N 116.08169°W / 37.113; -116.08169 (Sappho)1,266 m (4,154 ft) – 197.82 m (649.0 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		4 ktVenting detected, 9 Ci (330 GBq)[1][3][4][6][10]
Ocate – 2 (with Onaja)March 30, 1972 21:00:00.08PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3jp 37°00′16″N 116°00′56″W / 37.00449°N 116.01565°W / 37.00449; -116.01565 (Ocate – 2)1,179 m (3,868 ft) +underground shaft,
weapons development		less than 20 kt[1][3][4]
Onaja – 1 (with Ocate)March 30, 1972 21:00:00.04PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3js 37°00′20″N 116°01′15″W / 37.0055°N 116.02078°W / 37.0055; -116.02078 (Onaja – 1)1,180 m (3,870 ft) – 279.04 m (915.5 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		8 kt[1][3][4]
LongchampsApril 19, 1972 16:32:00.16PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U2dm 37°07′19″N 116°05′05″W / 37.12204°N 116.08486°W / 37.12204; -116.08486 (Longchamps)1,276 m (4,186 ft) – 326.44 m (1,071.0 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		8 kt[1][3][4][7]
JicarillaApril 19, 1972 16:42:00.05PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3jm 37°00′24″N 116°01′02″W / 37.00661°N 116.01734°W / 37.00661; -116.01734 (Jicarilla)1,180 m (3,870 ft) – 148.11 m (485.9 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		less than 20 kt[1][3][4]
Misty NorthMay 2, 1972 19:15:00.04PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U12n.05 37°12′27″N 116°12′35″W / 37.20762°N 116.20963°W / 37.20762; -116.20963 (Misty North)2,199 m (7,215 ft) – 376.08 m (1,233.9 ft)tunnel,
weapon effect		19 kt[1][3][4][8][9]
KaraMay 11, 1972 14:00:00.16PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U2dh3 37°06′45″N 116°05′07″W / 37.11247°N 116.08525°W / 37.11247; -116.08525 (Kara)1,267 m (4,157 ft) – 259.08 m (850.0 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		500 tVenting detected, 7 Ci (260 GBq)[1][3][4][6][8]
ZinniaMay 17, 1972 14:10:00.16PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U2dk 37°07′14″N 116°05′20″W / 37.12056°N 116.08883°W / 37.12056; -116.08883 (Zinnia)1,277 m (4,190 ft) – 322.78 m (1,059.0 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		8 ktVenting detected, 7 Ci (260 GBq)[1][3][4][5][7][8]
MoneroMay 19, 1972 17:00:00.05PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3jg 37°03′53″N 116°00′09″W / 37.06469°N 116.0025°W / 37.06469; -116.0025 (Monero)1,245 m (4,085 ft) – 537.35 m (1,763.0 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		12 kt[1][3][4][9]
MeridaJune 7, 1972 15:20:00.16PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U2dn 37°06′57″N 116°05′10″W / 37.11579°N 116.08619°W / 37.11579; -116.08619 (Merida)1,271 m (4,170 ft) – 204.22 m (670.0 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		800 tVenting detected, 10 Ci (370 GBq)[1][3][4][6][8]
CapitanJune 28, 1972 14:41:00.19PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U3jj 36°59′33″N 116°01′23″W / 36.99256°N 116.02302°W / 36.99256; -116.02302 (Capitan)1,175 m (3,855 ft) – 134.48 m (441.2 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		600 t[1][3][4][8]
TajiqueJune 28, 1972 16:30:00.07PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U7aa 37°04′10″N 115°59′34″W / 37.06958°N 115.99286°W / 37.06958; -115.99286 (Tajique)1,274 m (4,180 ft) – 332.31 m (1,090.3 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		less than 20 kt[1][3][4]
HaplopappusJune 28, 1972 16:30:03.16PST (–8 hrs)
NTS Area U9itsw22 37°08′07″N 116°02′10″W / 37.13515°N 116.03614°W / 37.13515; -116.03614 (Haplopappus)1,264 m (4,147 ft) – 184.4 m (605 ft)underground shaft,
weapons development		6 kt[1][3][4]

References

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