Membrane steroid receptors (mSRs), also called extranuclear steroid receptors, are a class of cell surface receptors activated by endogenous steroids that mediate rapid, non-genomic signaling via modulation of intracellular signaling cascades.[1][2][3][4] mSRs are another means besides classical nuclear steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) for steroids to mediate their biological effects.[1][2][3][4] SHRs can produce slow genomic responses or rapid, non-genomic responses in the case of mSRs.[5]
List of membrane steroid receptors
Known groups of mSRs, by ligand, include:[a]
- Membrane sex steroid receptors
- Membrane corticosteroid receptors
- Membrane glucocorticoid receptors (mGRs) – caveolin-associated nuclear receptors; possible unidentified receptors[6]
- Membrane mineralocorticoid receptors (mMRs) – caveolin-associated NRs; diverse putative receptors[6]
In addition, PDIA3 is a membrane receptor for the secosteroid calcitriol, the activated form of Vitamin D.[7]