Messier 110, or M110, also known as NGC 205, is a dwarf elliptical galaxy that is a satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy in the Local Group.[9]
| Messier 110[1] | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Dwarf elliptical galaxy Messier 110 in Andromeda | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Andromeda[2] |
| Right ascension | 00h 40m 22.05446s[3] |
| Declination | +41° 41′ 07.4963″[3] |
| Redshift | −0.000804±0.000010[4] |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | −241±3[4] |
| Galactocentric velocity | −62±8[4] |
| Distance | 2,690 ± 90 kly (825 ± 28 kpc) |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 8.5[5] |
| Absolute magnitude (V) | −16.5[6] |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | E5 pec[7] |
| Apparent size (V) | 21′.9 × 11′.0[4] |
| Other designations | |
| IRAS 00376+4124, LEDA 2429, M110, MCG +07-02-014, NGC 0205, PGC 002429[8] | |
Early observational history
Charles Messier never included the galaxy in his list, but it was depicted by him, together with M32, on his drawing of "Nébuleuse D'Andromède", later known as the Andromeda Galaxy. A label of the drawing indicates that Messier first saw the object in 1773.[a][10] M110 was independently discovered by Caroline Herschel on August 27, 1783; her brother William Herschel described her discovery in 1785.[b][10][11] The suggestion to assign the galaxy a Messier number was made by Kenneth Glyn Jones in 1967,[12] making it the last member of the Messier List.
Properties
This galaxy has a morphological classification of pec dE5, indicating a dwarf elliptical galaxy with a flattening of 50%. It is designated peculiar (pec) due to patches of dust and young blue stars near its center.[13] This is unusual for dwarf elliptical galaxies in general,[9] and the reason is unclear.[13] Unlike M32, M110 lacks evidence for a supermassive black hole at its center.[14]
The interstellar dust in M110 has a mass of (1.1–1.8)×104 M☉ with a temperature of 18–22 K, and the interstellar gas has (4–7)×106 M☉. The inner region has sweeping deficiencies in its interstellar medium IM, most likely expelled by supernova explosions. Tidal interactions with M31 may have stripped away a significant fraction of the expelled gas and dust, leaving the galaxy as a whole, as it presents, deficient in its IM density.[15]
Novae have been detected in this galaxy, including one discovered in 1999,[16] and another in 2002. The latter, designated EQ J004015.8+414420, had also been captured in images taken by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) that October.[17]
Local context
About half of the Andromeda's satellite galaxies are orbiting it along a highly flattened plane, with 14 out of 16 following the same sense of rotation. One theory proposes that these 16 once belonged to a subhalo surrounding M110, then the group was broken up by tidal forces during a close encounter with Andromeda.[18]
See also
Notes
References
External links
- Messier 110 Data Sheed and additional information – Telescopius. (Deep Sky Objects Browser has been renamed and reformatted – the old links below no longer work correctly)
- Messier 110 data sheet, altitude charts, sky map and related objects Archived 2013-10-16 at the Wayback Machine – Deep Sky Objects Browser
- Messier 110 amateur astrophotography[permanent dead link] – Deep Sky Objects Browser
- Messier 110 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
- SEDS: Elliptical Galaxy M110
- Fohring, Dora; Merrifield, Michael. "M110 – Dwarf Galaxy". Deep Sky Videos. Brady Haran.
