List of sauropodomorph type specimens

This list of specimens is a comprehensive catalogue of all the type specimens and their scientific designations for each of the genera and species that are included in the clade sauropodomorpha.

An early reconstruction of the sauropod Amphicoelias by E.D. Cope

Sauropodomorpha is a clade of saurischian dinosaurs that includes the largest land animals to have ever existed on Earth, such as Argentinosaurus, Brachiosaurus, and Patagotitan. The clade "sauropodomorpha" was created based on the earlier-named and slightly more exclusive clade, Sauropoda. This clade was named by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1878 and it translates to "lizard feet", in reference to the fact that sauropods were unique among the dinosaurs known at the time for having five toes, instead of three (such as in theropods and ornithopods).[1] "Sauropodomorpha" then roughly translates to "in the likeness of the lizard feet". The first sauropodomorph to be described was Cardiodon, named by Sir Richard Owen, although he did not recognize at the time that it was a dinosaur.[2]

Sauropodomorphs were one of the first groups of dinosaurs to appear, originating in the late Triassic period.[3] While ancestrally bipedal, sauropodomorphs increased in mass throughout the Triassic and quadrupedal forms evolved.[4] In the Jurassic period, the first unequivocal sauropods appeared.[5] Thereafter, sauropods lived until the end of the Cretaceous period,[6] and were present on every continent, including Antarctica.[7] The largest sauropods have been estimated to weigh at least 70 metric tons,[8] larger than any other animals besides the largest cetaceans,[9] and possibly even larger.[10]

Scope and terminology

This list will include the type fossils of each sauropodomorph species. In paleontology, a type specimen is one which is definitionally a member of a biological taxon. Additional specimens can only be "referred" to these taxa if an expert deems them sufficiently similar to the type and publishes that opinion in the scientific literature.

There is no complete, canonical list of all dinosaur taxa or holotype specimens. The primary source for this list is a book called Dinosaur Facts and Figures: The Sauropods and Other Sauropodomorphs by Rubén Molina-Pérez and Asier Larramendi which contains every sauropodomorph species described up to the date of its completion (January 1, 2019), including dubious or very fragmentary specimens.[11] This is supplemented by references to the Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs by Gregory Paul[12] and Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages by Thomas Holtz and Luis Rey.[13] Where appropriate, The Paleobiology Database and Fossilworks, which are both online databases of named fossil taxa,[14] are used to supplement the entries from published encyclopedias which are missing or data-deficient. Another useful resource is the Paleobiology Collections Database for the Smithsonian Institution, which has a large and publicly-accessible fossil collection.

This list will also be updated regularly as new scientific descriptions are published and new taxa are named. The most recently named sauropodomorph is Musankwa sanyatiensis, which was described in May 2024 by Paul Barrett, Kimberley Chapelle, Lara Sciscio, Timothy Broderick, Michel Zondo, Darlington Munyikwa, and Jonah Choiniere.[15]

Type system

Types are also used to diagnose higher-level taxa than an individual. One individual might represent the "type specimen" of a particular species. This species would in turn represent the "type species" of a particular genus, unless it is referred to a previously undescribed genus. Most dinosaur genera are monospecific, therefore most type specimens are also the type species of their respective genera. On this list, the type species of a genus is only noted when it belongs to a genus with multiple referred species, such as Camarasaurus or Plateosaurus. Furthermore, when an animal is different enough from its close relatives that it is given its own family, it is conventional in dinosaur systematics to name a family after the first described, most famous, or most abundant genus assigned to it. Therefore, on this list, the type species of any type genus for a family or sub-family level taxon is also noted when appropriate.

There are several different varieties of type specimen when referring to fossil animals:[16]

  • Holotype: This is the most common and simplest form of type specimen. A holotype is the first material of a fossil taxon that is described in the scientific literature. In order to qualify as a true holotype, all of the fossils of the type must belong to the same individual animal. All type specimens on this list are holotypes, unless otherwise indicated.
  • Paratype(s): These are described in the same publication as the holotype. A paratype is designated when the fossil material is diagnostic enough to belong to the same species as the holotype, but it is not from the same individual animal. In these cases, the holotype and paratype(s) are collectively called the "type series" for that taxon. On this list, paratypes are noted in the same entry as their associated holotype.
  • Neotype: When a holotype specimen is lost, destroyed, or otherwise unable to be studied further by scientists, a new type specimen for that taxon is required in order to identify future material. On this list, neotypes are only given their own entries when the holotype was never formally given a specimen number, otherwise they are noted in the entry for the holotype.
  • Syntype(s): This is a type series in which no single specimen is selected to serve as a holotype, nor are any designated as paratypes. This is typically done if the fossil material is believed to be from multiple animals, but none of the individual animals were well-preserved enough to provide a complete list of diagnostic characters. These are also sometimes called "cotypes" in publications, although this is discouraged by the ICZN.
  • Lectotype: When a single type specimen from a series of syntypes is designated as the new primary type specimen in a subsequent publication, this is considered to be a lectotype. On this list, lectotypes are given their own entries.
  • Paralectotype(s): When a lectotype is designated from a series of syntypes, the remaining syntypes become paralectotypes as part of a reorganized type series. On this list, paralectotypes are noted alongside the list entry for the lectotype of their respective series.
  • Plastotype: Sometimes, if a cast of a type specimen is made and the original type specimen is lost or destroyed, the cast can be used for the purposes of diagnostic referral to a taxon. Plastotypes are only given their own entries on this list if the holotype was not given a specimen number. Otherwise, they are noted alongside the entry for the holotype.
  • Topotype: When a specimen is discovered from the same locality as a holotype specimen it may be given a new specimen number. If the second specimen is later determined to belong to the same animal as the holotype after the holotype has been described, it becomes a topotype.

All name-bearing type specimens (i.e. holotypes, lectotypes, neotypes, and syntypes) have unique entries on this list, and non-name-bearing types (i.e. paratypes, paralectotypes, topotypes, and holotypes that have been subsumed by a neotype) are noted alongside their name-bearing counterpart.

Validity

Some described species are later determined to be invalid by subsequent scientific publications. However, invalid species are sometimes resurrected, such as in the case of Brontosaurus,[17] and sometimes the validity of a species can be controversial among researchers (e.g. the case of Torosaurus and Triceratops[18][19]). For the purposes of neutrality and completeness, all described species and genera of sauropodomorphs are included, even those that have been considered invalid by subsequent scientific publications.

Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN).[16] Technical terms used include:

  • Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more taxa are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same taxon, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
  • Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. This can be an extremely controversial designation, and as such, they are only notated when their supposedly dubious status has been formally published. Furthermore, if the scientific community has yet to reach a consensus on the validity of a name or taxon, the ongoing nature of the controversy will be stated.
  • Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are not included on this list.
  • Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced.

Omissions

Some sauropodomorph taxa are not included on this list. Nomina nuda are excluded because a type does not become recognized by the ICZN until it is published in a scientific journal with a full description.

Some misidentified taxa are also not included so long as there is a scientific consensus with regard to the specimen in question. If a specimen is later referred to a taxon outside sauropodomorpha, it is not included on this list. However, specimens that are identified as sauropodomorphs in publications subsequent to their initial description are included under the name they are given within sauropodomorpha.

Referred taxa are only included on the list as separate entries when their initial description includes a unique type specimen.

List of specimens

  • Binomial name: All animals species are given a unique binomial name, typically consisting of Latin or Greek words which are used to formally and scientifically identify each species.
  • Catalogue number: In most museum collections, each fossil specimen will be given a unique catalogue number which is published with the description of the fossils after they are prepared. This serves as a formal name for every single described fossil so that authors are able to refer to individual fossil discoveries in the scientific literature by name.
  • Institution: Most published fossils are stored in museum collections or at universities. This is also true of type specimens, many of which are on display in museums around the world. If a type specimen has been lost, the last known location of the type is listed.
  • Age: The geological stage from which the specimen was recovered is listed, when it is known. The exact age of some geological formations is not known. If this is the case, a range of possible ages is given.
  • Unit: Most fossils are recovered from named geologic formations (e.g. the Morrison Formation or the Hell Creek Formation). When this is not the case, a city or landmark near the locality from which the fossil was recovered is listed.
  • Material: The vast majority of fossils do not preserve the complete skeleton of an animal. In these cases, the specific bones which are fossilized have been listed.
  • Notes: Other general information, such as the validity status of the taxon in question, or any other material in the type series may be listed here.
Binomial NameCatalogue number(s)InstitutionAgeUnitMaterialNotesImage
Aardonyx celestaeBP/1/6254[20]Evolutionary Studies Institute[20]Sinemurian[20]Elliot Formation, South Africa[20]Partial maxilla[20]Additional material was found in association, but this was not included in the holotype[20]
A reconstruction of the holotype maxilla along with additional referred skull material in white
Abdarainurus barsboldiPIN 5669/1[21]Russian Academy of Sciences[21]Santonian[21]Alagteeg Formation, Mongolia[21]Caudal vertebrae[21]
Diagram of the holotype material
Abditosaurus kuehneiMCD 6718-6751[22]Conca Dellà Museum[22]Maastrichtian[22]Conquès Formation, Tremp Group, Spain[22]Vertebrae, a partial hip, limb elements, and teeth[22]
Abrosaurus dongpoensisZDM 5038[23]Zigong Dinosaur Museum[23]Bajocian[23]Lower Shaximiao Formation, Sichuan[23]A skull[23]
Illustration of the holotype
Abydosaurus mcintoshiDINO 16488[24]Dinosaur National Monument[24]Cenomanian[24]Mussentuchit Member, Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah[24]Skull with four cervical vertebrae[24]
Skull of the holotype
Adamantisaurus mezzaliraiMUGEO 1282, 1289, 1295[25]Valdemar Lefevre Museum[25]Campanian or possibly Maastrichtian[25]Adamantina Formation, São Paulo[25]Three vertebrae[25]Specimens were given unique numbers, but they collectively comprise a single holotype[25]
Adeopapposaurus mognaiPVSJ568[26]National University of San Juan[26]Uncertain, Early Jurassic (Hettangian to Toarcian)[26]Cañón del Colorado Formation, Cuyo[26]A skull and a mostly complete skeleton lacking the tail[26]
Museum mount based on the holotype with missing material filled in
Aegyptosaurus baharijensis1912VIII61[27]Destroyed, was last located at the Palaeontological Museum, Munich[28]Cenomanian[27]Bahariya Formation, Egypt[27]Three caudal vertebrae, partial scapula, and two limb bones[27]Holotype destroyed in WWII, multiple specimens have ben referred, but no neotype has been designated[29][30]
Reconstruction of the limb bones of the holotype
Aeolosaurus colhuehuapensisUNPSJB-PV 959/1 to 959/27[31]National University of Patagonia San Juan Bosco[31]Campanian[31]Lago Colhué Huapí Formation, Patagonia[31]Numerous caudal vertebrae[31]Specimens were given unique numbers, but they collectively comprise a single holotype[31]
Aeolosaurus rionegrinusMJG-R 1[32]Jorge Gerold Museum[33]Late Campanian[32]Angostura Colorada Formation, Patagonia[32]Several caudal vertebrae and limb elements[32]Type species of Aeolosaurus as well as of the tribe "Aeolosaurini"[34]
Aepisaurus elephantinusBED01[35]University of MontpellierAlbian[36]Mont Ventoux Formation, France[36]A humerus[35]Part of the humerus has been lost, but a cast of the original complete bone is housed in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle[35]
A cast of the partially lost holotype on display
Aetonyx palustrisSyntypes: SAM 2768-2770[37]Iziko South African Museum[37]Pliensbachian[37]Upper Elliot Formation[37]A few martial vertebrae, most of one arm, a shoulder, tibia, and several foot bones[37]Subjective junior synonym of Massospondylus[38]
Agnosphytis cromhallensisVMNH 1745[39]Virginia Museum of Natural History[39]Rhaetian[39]Magnesian Conglomerate, England[40]Partial hip[40]Classification is uncertain, might be a theropod,[41] a sauropodomorph,[42] or a silesaurid[43]
Agrosaurus macgillivrayiBMNH 49984[44]Natural History Museum, London[44]Uncertain, possibly Rhaetian[45]Uncertain, possibly Magnesian Conglomerate, England[44]Partial limb bones[44]Originally reported from to be from Queensland,[45] but later testing showed it was probably from England[46]
Agustinia ligabueiMCF-PVPH-110[47]Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Argentine Museum[47]Albian[47]Lohan Cura Formation, Patagonia[47]Vertebrae and hip fragments with numerous hind limb elements[47]Considered a nomen dubium by some[48]
Alamosaurus sanjuanensisHolotype: USNM 10486

Paratype: USNM 10487[49]

Smithsonian Institution[49]Maastrichtian[49]Ojo Alamo Formation, New Mexico[50]Holotype: Shoulder

Paratype: Partial hip[50]

The holotype and paratype
Algoasaurus bauriAMNH FR 5631[51]American Museum of Natural History[51]Hauterivian[51]Upper Kirkwood Formation, South Africa[51]Partial femur, vertebra, and shoulder[51]
Illustration of the holotype material
Aliwalia rexNMW 1886-XV-39, 1876-VII-B124[52]Natural History Museum, Vienna[52]Norian[52]Lower Elliot Formation, South Africa[52]Fragmentary femur[52]Described as a giant herrerasaurid,[52] but is now believed to be a junior synonym of Eucnemesaurus[41] and the original description, which included a maxilla, was a chimera
Alwalkeria maleriensisISI R306[53]Indian Statistical Institute[53]Carnian[53]Lower Maleri Formation, India[53]Partial skull, several vertebrae, a femur, and an astragalus[53]Has been variously classified as a theropod,[54] a sauropodomorph,[55] and a basal saurischian,[56] the holotype may also be a chimera[57]
Holotype elements individually labeled
Amanzia greppiniSyntypes: NMB M.H. 239, 245–246, 252–254, 258–260, 262, 264–271, 275–280, 282, 284–286, 291, 297, 300, 306, 324, 332, 339–342, 344–347, 349, 353–355, 358–359, 368–370, 372–374, 386-387[58]Natural History Museum Basel[58]Kimmeridgian[58]Reuchenette Formation, Switzerland[58]Numerous vertebrae and partial limb bones[58]Originally named as a species of Cetiosauriscus before being referred to Ornithopsis and then being given its own genus[58]
Hypothetical skeletal reconstruction with the type material in blue
Amargasaurus cazauiMACN-N 15[59]Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Argentine Museum[59]Barremian[59]La Amarga Formation, Patagonia[59]Partial skull, mostly articulated vertebra, partial hip, and limb fragments[59]
Hypothetical skeletal reconstruction with the holotype shown in white
Amargatitanis macniMACN PV N53[60]Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Argentine Museum[60]Barremian[60]La Amarga Formation, Patagonia[60]Mostly complete hind limb with a partial hip and fragmentary vertebrae[61]Originally had 3 syntypes (including MACM PV N34 and MACN PV N51), but these were later discovered to be from a different locality, so they were discarded as type specimens[61]
Diagram of the holotype material
Amazonsaurus maranhensisMN 4555-V, 4556, 4558–60, 4562, 4564; UFRJ-DG 58-R/1-7[62]Federal University of Rio de JaneiroAptian/Albian boundary[62]Itapecuru Formation, Maranhão[62]Partial hip, femur, and numerous vertebral fragments[62]Specimens were given unique numbers, but they collectively comprise a single holotype[62]
Diagram of the holotype material
Ammosaurus majorYPM 208[63]Yale Peabody Museum[64]Hettangian[63]Portland Formation, Connecticut[63]Postcranial elements[63]Subjective junior synonym of Anchisaurus[64]
Ammosaurus solusYPM 209[63]Yale Peabody Museum[64]Hettangian[63]Portland Formation, Connecticut[63]Partial skeleton including the skull[63]Subjective junior synonym of Anchisaurus[64]
Ampelosaurus atacisMDE C3-247[65]Dinosauria[65]Early Maastrichtian[65]Marnes Rouges Inférieures Formation, France[65]Three articulated vertebrae[65]
Amphicoelias altusAMNH 5764[66]American Museum of Natural History[66]Tithonian[66]Upper Morrison Formation, Colorado[66]Two vertebrae, a partial hip and shoulder, limb fragments, and teeth[66]
The holotype vertebrae from multiple views
Amphicoelias latusAMNH 5765[66]American Museum of Natural History[66]Tithonian[66]Upper Morrison Formation, Colorado[66]Four caudal vertebrae[66]Subjective junior syonym of Camarasaurus[67]
Amygdalodon patagonicusMLP 46-VIII-21-1[68]La Plata Museum[68]Toarcian[68]Cerro Carnerero Formation, Patagonia[68]Partial shoulder and hip with several vertebrae, ribs, and teeth[68]Considered a true sauropod by Pol et al. (2022)[69]
Holotype elements laid out individually
Analong chuanjieensisLFGT LCD 9701–1[70]Lufeng Dinosaur Museum[70]Bajocian[70]Chuanjie Formation, Yunnan[70]Partial postcranial skeleton[70]Originally assigned to Chuanjiesaurus before being given its own genus[70]
Anchisaurus polyzelusHolotype: AM 41/109

Neotype: YPM 1883[64]

Holotype: lost, was last known to be at the Beneski Museum of Natural History

Neotype: Peabody Museum of Natural History[64]

Hettangian[64]Portland Formation, Massachusetts[64]Neotype: vertebrae, a partial shoulder and hips, a fore arm, and a hind limb[64]Type species of Anchisaurus as well as of the clade "Anchisauria"; originally named Megadactylus before being referred to Amphisaurus and finally to Anchisaurus after both former genera were discovered to be preoccupied;[71] A. colurus is an objective junior synonym[72]
An illustration of the skeleton by O.C. Marsh
Andesaurus delgadoiMUCPv 132[73]National University of Comahue[73]Cenomanian[73]Candeleros Formation, Patagonia[73]Numerous vertebrae, femur, humerus, a partial hip, and other limb fragments[73]
Angolatitan adamastorMGUAN-PA-003[74]Agostinho Neto University[74]Coniacian[74]Tadi Beds, Itombe Formation, Angola[74]Ulna and radius[74]
Anhuilong diboensisAGB 5822[75]Shexian Museum[75]Middle Jurassic (precise age not specified)[75]Hongqin Formation, Anhui[75]Mostly complete forelimb[75]
Diagram of the holotype material
Antarctosaurus brasiliensisGP-RD-2, 3, and 4[76]University of São Paulo[76]Uncertain, possibly Campanian to Maastrichtian, but possibly older[77][78]Adamantina Formation, São Paulo[76]Partial femur, humerus, and vertebra[76]Possibly a nomen dubium, or may belong to its own genus[79]
Antarctosaurus giganteusMLP 26-316[80]La Plata Museum[80]Coniacian or Santonian[80]Plottier Formation, Patagonia[80]Both femora, fragments of the tibia, ribs, and vertebrae with other unidentified fragments[80]Some believe it represents a new genus;[79] some regard it as a nomen dubium[81]
The holotype elements on display
Antarctosaurus jaxarticusNot catalogued[79]Unknown[82]Santonian[82]Syuksyuk Formation, Kazakhstan[82]A femur[79]May represent a distinct genus;[83] may be a nomen nudum[82]
Antarctosaurus wichmannianusSyntypes: MACN 6904[84]Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Argentine Museum[84]Early Campanian[84]Anacleto Formation, Patagonia[85]A hind limb, mostly complete fore limb, hip fragments, several vertebrae, and skull elements[84]Type species of Antarctosaurus, the type series is not confidently assigned to a single individual[84]
Skeletal diagram of them holotype with unknown elements in grey
Antetonitrus ingenipesBP/1/4952[86]Evolutionary Studies Institute[86]Hettangian[86]Upper Elliot Formation, South Africa[86]Partial hind limb, fore limb, hip and shoulder fragments, and a few vertebrae[86]
The holotype material on a traveling display in Japan with a hypothetical reconstruction of the rest of the skeleton
Apatosaurus ajaxYPM 1860[17]Peabody Museum of Natural History[17]KimmeridgianBrushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, Colorado[87]Partial hip[17]Type species of Apatosaurus as well as of the subfamily "Apatosaurinae"[17]
Lateral view of the holotype hip bones
Apatosaurus laticollisYPM 1861[17]Peabody Museum of Natural History[17]Kimmeridgian[17]Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, Colorado[87]Several vertebrae[17]Subjective junior synonym of A. louisiae[17]
Apatosaurus louisaeCM 3018[88]Carnegie Museum of Natural History[88]Tithonian[88]Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, Utah[88]Mostly complete skeleton lacking the skull[88]CM 11162 is a skull found near the holotype and may have belonged to the same animal[88]
The holotype on display in Philadelphia
Apatosaurus minimusAMNH 675[89]American Museum of Natural History[89]Tithonian[89]Morrison Formation, Wyoming[89]A set of vertebrae[89]Has been variously found to be a species of Apatosaurus, an indeterminate diplodocoid,[89] and a macronarian[17]
Arackar licanantaySNGM-1[90]Chilean National Museum of Natural History[90]Campanian or Maastrichtian[90]Hornitos Formation, Chile[90]Several vertebrae, a humerus, femur, and partial hip[90]
Some of the holotype elements on display with a plastic model of the animal
Aragosaurus ischiaticus"IG specimen" and "ZH specimen"[91]Teruel Provincial Museum (IG specimen) and Galve Paleontological Museum (ZH specimen)[91]Kimmeridgian[91]Villar del Arzobispo Formation, Spain[91]Fragmentary vertebrae, ribs, and hips with shoulder, humerus, and foot elements[91]The holotype was partially collected by paleontologists and partially by private collectors, specimen is now housed in two different museums[91]
Archaeodontosaurus descouensiMHNDPal 2003-396[92]Toulouse Natural History Museum[92]Bathonian[92]Isalo III Formation, Madagascar[92]Partial jaw with teeth[92]
The holotype jaw shown from multiple views
Arcusaurus pereriabdalorumBP/1/6235[93]Evolutionary Studies Institute[93]Pliensbachian[93]Upper Elliot Formation, South Africa[93]Partial skull[93]Limb, hip, and vertebral material is known from the same locality, but it is not known if these are from the same animal as the holotype[93]
Argentinosaurus huinculensisMCF-PVPH 1[94]Carmen Funes Municipal Museum[94]Cenomanian[94]Huincul Formation, Patagonia[94]Several dorsal vertebrae, a partial hip, and a fibula[94]
Known bones from Argentinosaurus with the holotype elements in white
Argyrosaurus superbusMLP 77-V-29-1[95]La Plata Museum[95]Campanian[96]Lago Colhué Huapí Formation, Patagonia[95]Complete fore limb[95]
The holotype limb shown from multiple views
Arkharavia heterocoelicaAEIM no. 2/418[97]Amur Natural History Museum[97]Late Maastrichtian[97]Udurchukan Formation, Amur[97]A set of vertebrae[97]
Arrudatitan maximusMPMA 12-0001-97[98]Monte Alto Museum of Paleontology[98]Late Campanian[98]Adamantina Formation, Bauru Group, São Paulo[98]Femora and partial hip with fragmentary rib, shoulder, and vertebral elements[98]Originally described as a new species of Aeolosaurus before being given its own genus[99]
The holotype femur on display
Asiatosaurus kwangshiensisIVPP V4794[100]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology[100]Aptian[101]Xinlong Formation, Guangxi[100]A tooth, three cervical vertebrae, and rib fragments[100]
Asiatosaurus mongoliensisAMNH 6264[102]American Museum of Natural History[102]Uncertain, Early Cretaceous[103]Öösh Formation, Mongolia[102]A tooth[102]Generally considered a nomen dubium[79]
The holotype tooth shown from multiple views
Astrodon johnstoniYPM 798[104]Peabody Museum of Natural History[104]Albian[104]Arundel Formation, Maryland[104]A tooth[104]Official dinosaur of the state of Maryland;[105] generally considered a nomen dubium[104]
The holotype tooth shown from multiple views
Astrophocaudia slaughteriSMU 61732 and 203/73655[106]Southern Methodist UniversityAlbianPaluxy Formation, Texas[106]Numerous vertebrae and ribs, a partial shoulder, and a tooth[106]Originally referred to Pleurocoelus before being given its own genus;[106] specimens were given unique numbers, but they collectively comprise a single holotype[106]
Asylosaurus yalensisYPM 2195[107]Yale Peabody Museum[107]Rhaetian[107]Magnesian Conglomerate, England[107]Partial torso including vertebrae, ribs, and hip bones with elements of the forelimb[107]
Atacamatitan chilensisSGO-PV-961[108]Chilean National Museum of Natural History[108]Uncertain, Late Cretaceous[109]Tolar Formation, Chile[108]Vertebra fragments, a partial shoulder, and a femur[108]
The holotype elements individually laid out
Atlantosaurus immanisYPM 1840[110]Peabody Museum of Natural HistoryKimmeridgian[17]Morrison Formation, Colorado[110]Mostly complete hips and femur[17]Now considered a nomen dubium[17]
An illustration of the holotype
Atlantosaurus montanusYPM 1835[111]Peabody Museum of Natural History[111]Kimmeridgian[17]Morrison Formation, Colorado[111]Mostly complete hips[111]Type species of Atlantosaurus;[17] was originally referred to the genus Titanosaurus;[111] generally considered a nomen dubium or a junior synonym of Apatosaurus ajax[112][113]
An illustration of the holotype
Atlasaurus imelakeiNot catalogued[114]Rabat Earth Sciences MuseumBathonian[114]Guettioua Formation, Morocco[114]Mostly complete skeleton[114]
The holotype on display in Morocco
Atsinganosaurus velauciensisVBN.93.01.a-d[115]University of Poitiers[115]Late Campanian[115]Argiles et Grès à Reptiles Formation, France[115]Several vertebrae[115]
One of the vertebra from the holotype
Australodocus bohetiiHolotype: HMN MB.R.2455 [G 70]

Paratype: MB.R.2454 [G 69][116]

Natural History Museum, Berlin[116]Tithonian[116]Upper Dinosaur Member, Tendaguru Formation, Tanzania[116]Two vertebrae[116]The type series was described as a set of four vertebrae, but two were destroyed in WWII[116]
Holotype vertebra on display
Australotitan cooperensisEMF102[117]Eromanga Natural History Museum[117]Late Cenomanian[117]Winton Formation, Queensland[117]Mostly complete hips and fore limbs[117]Specimen is nicknamed "Cooper";[118] possible junior synonym of Diamantinasaurus[119]
Diagram of the holotype elements
Austroposeidon magnificusMCT 1628-R[120]Earth Sciences Museum[120]Late Campanian[120]Presidente Prudente Formation, São Paulo[120]Several cervical, dorsal, and sacral vertebrae with one rib[120]
One of the holotype vertebra from multiple views
Austrosaurus mckillopiQM F2361[121]Queensland Museum[121]Albian[121]Allaru Formation, Queensland[121]Vertebrae and rib fragments[121]
One of the vertebra from the holotype
Baalsaurus mansillaiMUCPv-1460[122]National University of ComahueTuronian or Coniacian[122]Portezuelo Formation, PatagoniaPartial jawbone[122]
The jaw of the holotype (top)
Bagualia albaMPEF-PV 3301[123]Museum of Paleontology Egidio FeruglioToarcianCañadón Asfalto Formation, PatagoniaA partial skull with seven articulated vertebrae[123]
One of the teeth found in association with the holotype
Bagualosaurus agudoensisUFRGS-PV-1099-T[124]Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulCarnianCandelária Formation, Rio Grande do Sul[124]Partial skull and jaw, several vertebrae, and mostly complete hind limbs with hips[124]
Diagram of the holotype material with unknown elements in dark grey
Bajadasaurus pronuspinaxMMCh-PV 75[125]Ernesto Bachmann Paleontological MuseumLate Berriasian or Valanginian[125]Bajada Colorada Formation, PatagoniaPartial skull with jower jaw and several neck vertebrae[125]
Diagram showing each of the bones of the holotype individually
Baotianmansaurus henanensis41H III-0200[126]Henan Geological MuseumTuronianGaogou Formation, HenanSeveral vertebrae, ribs, and parts of the shoulder bones[126]
The holotype on display in China
Barapasaurus tagoreiISI R 50[127]Indian Statistical InstituteUncertain, early Jurassic[128][129]Lower Kota Formation, IndiaA sacrum[130]More than 300 bones from at least 6 individuals were found in association, but only a single sacrum was chosen as the holotype[130]
Barosaurus affinisYPM 412[131]Peabody Museum of Natural HistoryKimmeridgianMorrison Formation, South DakotaTwo metatarsals[131]Generally considered a junior synonym of B. lentus[17]
Barosaurus lentusYPM 429[132]Peabody Museum of Natural HistoryKimmeridgianMorrison Formation, South DakotaSeveral vertebrae, ribs, and limb bones[133]Type species of Barosaurus,[131] only six caudal vertebrae belonged to the original holotype,[132] but more remains were excavated and assigned to the same specimen[133]
An illustration of some of the vertebrae from the original holotype by O.C. Marsh
Barrosasaurus casamiquelaiMCF-PVPH-447/1-3[134]Carmen Funes Municipal MuseumEarly CampanianAnacleto Formation, PatagoniaThree dorsal vertebrae[134]
Two of the holotype vertebrae
Bashunosaurus kaijiangensisHolotype: KM 20100

Paratype: KM 20103[135]

Chongqing Museum of Natural HistoryCallovianLower Member, Shaximiao Formation, SichuanHolotype: 14 vertebrae, a partial shoulder and hip, and a humerus, ulna, femur, tibia, and fibula

Paratype: a partial hip bone[135]

Genus was originally named as a nomen nudum in 1989[23] before being given a formal description in 2004[135]
Baurutitan britoiMCT 1490-R[136]Earth Sciences MuseumMaastrichtianSerra da Galga Formation, Minas Gerais19 caudal vertebrae[136]
Several of the type vertebrae
Bellusaurus suiIVPP V.8299[137]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyOxfordianShishugou Formation, XinjiangA partial maxilla and another skull fragment[137]
A reconstruction of the holotype material (in blue)
Blikanasaurus cromptoniSAM K403[138]Iziko South African MuseumNorian or RhaetianLower Elliot Formation, South Africa[138]Partial hind limbs[138]Type and only species of the family "Blikanosauridae"[139]
Bonatitan reigiMACN-PV RN 821[140]Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Argentine MuseumLate CampanianLower Member, Allen Formation, PatagoniaA partial brain case[140]Holotype originally included a vertebra and limb bones, but these were later determined to be from a different individual[141]
Bonitasaura salagadoiMPCA 300[142]Carlos Ameghino Provincial MuseumSantonianBajo de la Carpa Formation, PatagoniaSkull and jaw fragments with 20 vertebrae and numerous ribs, a humerus, radius, femur, tibia, and several ankle bones[142]
The jaw material of te holotype
Borealosaurus wimaniLPM 0167[143]Liaoning Paleontological MuseumLate AlbianSunjiawan Formation, LiaoningCaudal vertebrae, a humerus, and a tooth[143]
Bothriospondylus elongatusNHMUK R.2239[144]Natural History Museum, LondonBerriasian or Valanginian[144]Wealden GroupOne vertebrae[144]The specimen was originally part of the type series of Ornithopsis hulkei before being moved to the genus,[144] may be a nomen dubium[145]
Bothriospondylus suffossusNHMUK R.44592-5[146]Natural History Museum, LondonKimmeridgianKimmeridge Clay, EnglandFour dorsal vertebrae[146]Type species of Bothriospondylus, may be a nomen dubium[144]
An illustration of the holotype
Brachiosaurus altithoraxFMNH P25107[147]Field Museum of Natural HistoryKimmeridgianBrushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, ColoradoSeveral vertebrae, the hips, a femur, a humerus, and a rib[147]Type species of Brachiosaurus and of the family "Brachiosauridae";[147] has at least once been referred to. thegenus Astrodon, although this is not widely accepted[106]
A diagram of all known specimens, with the holotype in white
Brachiosaurus fraasiNot cataloguedNatural History Museum, BerlinKimmeridgianTendaguru Formation, TanzaniaA scapula and a humerus[148]
Brachiosaurus nougaredi[149]Now lost, was last housed at the National Museum of Natural History, France[48]Either the Late Jurassic or the Early Cretaceous[149][150]Possibly the Taouratine Series, Algeria[149] or the Kem Kem Group, Morocco[150]A partial sacrum[149]More bones were discovered with the holotype, but were not collected;[149] may belong to a new genus[48][150]
A reconstruction of the lost holotype, with known elements in blue
Brachytrachelopan mesaiMPEF-PV 1716[151]Museum of Paleontology Egidio FeruglioUncertain, Late Jurassic (Oxfordian to Tithonian)[152][153]Cañadón Calcáreo Formation, PatagoniaMost of the cervical and dorsal vertebrae with ribs, the hips, and a partial femur and tibia[151]
A restoration of the whole skeleton based on the holotype
Brasilotitan nemophagusMPM 125R[154]Regional Provincial Museum of Father Jesus MolinaLate CampanianAdamantina Formation, Bauru Group, São PauloA jawbone, two vertebrae, a toe, and hip fragments[154]
Bravasaurus arrierosorumHolotype: CRILAR-Pv 612

Paratype: CRILAR-Pv 613[155]

National University of La RiojaCampanianCiénaga del Río Huaco Formation, Argentine NorthwestHolotype: skull fragments, 12 vertebrae, several ribs, fragmentary arm bones, a partial hip, a femur, and both fibulae

Paratype: a partial hip, a rib, a femur, and a tooth[155]

Brontomerus mcintoshiOMNH 66430[156]Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural HistoryAptianRuby Ranch Member, Cedar Mountain Formation, UtahA partial left ilium[156]More material was found associated with the holotype, believed to belong to two individuals, but only one bone was chosen as the holotype[156]
A photo of the holotype
Brontosaurus amplusYPM 1981[17]Peabody Museum of Natural HistoryKimmeridgianMorrison Formation, WyomingMostly complete skeleton lacking the skull[157]Generally considered a junior synonym of B. excelsus[157] (A. excelsus until recently)[17]
Brontosaurus excelsusYPM 1980[17]Peabody Museum of Natural HistoryKimmeridgianBrushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, WyomingMostly complete skeleton lacking the skull[17]Type species of Brontosaurus, later referred to Apatosaurus before the Brontosaurus genus was resurrected[17]
The holotype on display at the Yale Peabody Museum
Brontosaurus parvusCM 566[17]Carnegie Museum of Natural HistoryKimmeridgianLake Como Member, Morrison Formation, WyomingMostly complete skeleton lacking the skull, feet, and the end of the tail[157]Originally named Elosaurus before being referred to Apatosaurus[157] and later Brontosaurus[17]
Brontosaurus yahnahpinTATE-001[158]Casper CollegeKimmeridgianLake Como Member, Morrison Formation, WyomingMostly complete skeleton[159]Originally referred to the genus Apatosaurus[158] and then to Eobrontosaurus[159] before being referred to Brontosaurus[17]
Bruhathkayosaurus matleyiGSI PAL/SR/20[160]Now destroyed, was last held in the collections at the Geological Survey of India[161]MaastrichtianKallamedu Formation, IndiaHip fragments and partial leg bones[162]Originally misclassified as a theropod before being recognized as a sauropod[160] but was later thought to be a misidentified tree trunk;[163] it has been re-identified as a sauropod in recent publications due to the emergence of new photos of the holotype before it was destroyed[164][10]
Buriolestes schultziULBRA-PVT280[165]Universidade Luterana do BrasilCarnianSanta Maria Formation, Rio Grande do Sul[165]Partial skeleton with mostly complete skull, limbs, and vertebrae[165]
The holotype in situ
Bustingorrytitan shivaMMCH-Pv 59/1-40[166]Ernesto Bachmann Paleontological MuseumCenomanianHuincul Formation, PatagoniaSeveral vertebrae, a scapula and humerus, three leg bones, a tooth, and other fragments[166]The unidentified fragments of the holotype have been tentatively identified as ribs[166]
A diagram including the forelimb bones of the holotype
Caieiria allocaudataMCT 1719-R[167]Earth Sciences MuseumMaastrichtianSerra da Galga Formation, Minas GeraisTen caudal vertebrae[167]Originally erected as the paratype of Trigonosaurus[168] before being made the holotype of a new genus[167]
The vertebrae of the holotype arrayed and shown from multiple views
Camarasaurus annaeCM 8942[169]Carnegie Museum of Natural HistoryTithonianMorrison Formation, UtahA dorsal vertebra[169]Probable junior synonym of C. lentus[170]
Camarasaurus grandisHolotype: YPM 1901

Paratypes: YPM 1903, 1905[170]

Peabody Museum of Natural HistoryKimmeridgianBrushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, WyomingHolotype: mostly complete skeleton lacking the skull

Paratypes: hips, a femur, shoulder bones, and numerous vertebrae[170]

Some authors consider YPM 1900 (the holotype of Morosaurus impar) as one of the paratypes of C. grandis[170]
Camarasaurus lentusYPM 1910[170]Peabody Museum of Natural HistoryKimeridgianLake Como Member, Morrison Formation, WyomingMostly complete skeleton lacking parts of the skull and several limb bones[170]
Camarasaurus leptodirusAMNH 5769[170]American Museum of Natural HistoryTithonianBrushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, Colorado[170]3 cervical vertebrae[170]Probable junior synonym of C. supremus[170]
Camarasaurus lewisiBYU 9047[171]BYU Museum of PaleontologyKimmeridgianBrushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, ColoradoMost of the vertebra and hips with a femur, radius, ulna, and several foot bones[172]Originally given the genus Cathetosaurus[172] before being referred to Camarasaurus,[171] some authors still consider it a distinct genus[173][174]
A photo of the sacrum from the holotype
Camarasaurus robustusYPM 1902[170]Peabody Museum of Natural HistoryKimmeridgianBrushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, WyomingPartial hip bone[170]First named as a species of Morosaurus before being moved to Camarasaurus;[175] now considered a junior synonym of C. grandis[170]
Camarasaurus supremusHolotype: AMNH 5760

Topotype: AMNH 5761[170]

American Museum of Natural HistoryKimmeridgianBrushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, ColoradoA composite skeleton from at least two individuals, including almost every bone[170]Type species of Camarasaurus and of the family "Camarasauridae" and the clade "Camarasauromorpha"[176]
The bones of the holotype in situ during excavation
Camelotia borealisSyntypes: SAM 3449 and SAM 3450[177][178]Iziko South African MuseumRhaetian or Hettangian[179]Westbury Formation, Penarth Group, England[177]Hind limb and hip bones with fragmentary vertebrae and ribs[177]It is not certain if the rocks the syntypes were taken from date to the late Triassic or very early Jurassic[179]
An illustration of the femur from the type series
Campylodoniscus ameghinoiMACN A-IOR63[180]Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Argentine MuseumCenomanianBajo Barreal Formation, PatagoniaPartial maxilla with associated teeth[180]Originally named Campylodon,[180] but the genus was preoccupied by a fish;[181] may be a nomen dubium[11]
A speculative reconstruction of the skull, with known elements in light blue
Cardiodon rugulosusNot catalogued[112]Now lost, was last kept at the Natural History Museum, London[112]BathonianForest Marble Formation, EnglandA tooth[112]Sometimes referred to Cetiosaurus;[112] the holotype has since been lost
Cathartesaura anaerobicaMPCA 232[182]Carlos Ameghino Provincial MuseumCenomanian to Coniacian[182]Huincul Formation, PatagoniaFive vertebrae, a shoulder and hop bone, and a femur, with other poorly-preserved fragments[182]
A diagram of one of the vertebrae from the holotype
Caulodon diversidensAMNH 5768[183]American Museum of Natural HistoryExact age unknown, Kimmeridgian or Tithonian[183]Morrison Formation, ColoradoEight teeth[183]Probable junior synonym of Camarasaurus supremus[170]
An illustration of the holotype teeth
Caulodon leptoganusAMNH 5769[183]American Museum of Natural HistoryExact age unknown, Kimmeridgian or Tithonian[183]Morrison Formation, ColoradoTwo teeth[170]Probable junior synonym of Camarasaurus supremusTwo teeth[170]
Cedarosaurus weiskopfaeDMNH 39045[184]Denver Museum of Nature and ScienceValanginianYellow Cat Member, Cedar Mountain Formation, UtahMostly complete skeleton lacking the head and neck[184]Originally referred to Pleurocoelus before being given its own genus[184]
The bones of the holotype laid out next to its describers
Cetiosauriscus leedsi or C. leedsiiBMNH R1988[58]Natural History Museum, LondonCallovianOxford Clay Formation, England (possibly Kellaways Formation)Two hip bones[185]Possibly a nomen dubium; originally referred to Cetiosaurus[186] before being given its own genus;[187] formerly the type species of Cetiosauriscus before the ICZN changed this designation due to the incompleteness of the fossil compared to C. stewarti[188]
Cetiosauriscus stewartiNHMUK R3078[187]Natural History Museum, LondonCallovianPeterborough Member, Oxford Clay Formation, EnglandMost of the hips, a leg, an arm, and the tail[187]Originally referred to Cetiosaurus before being given its own genus;[187] new type species of Cetiosauriscus by ruling of the ICZN[188]
An illustration of the holotype articulated
Cetiosaurus brachyurusBMNH collections, not catalogued[189]May be lost, was last known to be at the Natural History Museum, London[189]Uncertain, Early CretaceousHastings Beds, Wealden Group, EnglandTwo partial vertebrae[189]Nomen dubium, material might be from an indeterminate sauropod or an Iguanodon[189]
Cetiosaurus brevisBMNH 2544-2550[189]Natural History Museum, LondonValanginianHastings Beds, Wealden Group, EnglandSeveral caudal vertebrae[189]Type series originally contained more specimens, but these were later shown to belong to Iguanodon and were discarded; C. conybeari is an objective junior synonym of C. brevis, which may itself be a junior synonym of Pelorosaurus[189]
Cetiosaurus glymptonensisOUMNH J13750-13758[189]Oxford University Museum of Natural HistoryUncertain[189]Unknown, near Glympton[189]Nine caudal vertebrae[189]Was briefly referred to the genus Cetiosauriscus, but probably represents a distinct genus[189]
Cetiosaurus longusNot catalogued[189]Unknown, believed to be in the collections of the Oxford University Museum of Natural History[189]KimmeridgianPortland Stone Formation, EnglandTwo partial vertebrae[189]Generally considered a nomen dubium[189]
An illustration of the holotype vertebrae before they were lost
Cetiosaurus mediusSyntypes: OUMNH J13693-13712, J13721, J13748, J13877[189]Oxford University Museum of Natural HistoryUncertain[189]Uncertain, near Chipping Norton, England[189]11 tail vertebrae and several bones of the feet[189]Original type species of Cetiosaurus, but is now considered a nomen dubium[189]
Cetiosaurus mogrebensisSyntypes: El Mers N°1-N°8[114]Not listed[114]BathonianEl Mers Group, MoroccoVertebrae and leg bones[114]Probably represents a distinct genus[189][190]
Cetiosaurus oxoniensisLectotype: OUMNH J13605-13613, 13615–13616, 13619–13688, 13899

Paralectotypes: OUMNH J13614, 13617–8, 13780–1, 13596[189]

Oxford University Museum of Natural HistoryBathonianForest Marble Formation, EnglandLectotype: numerous vertebrae, shoulder elements, most of the hips, arms, and several leg bones

Paralectotypes: partial shoulder, femur, humerus, a braincase, and several bones from a small individual[189]

New type species of Cetiosaurus and of the family "Cetiosauridae"[191]
Some of the type material on display
Chebsaurus algeriensisD001-01 to 78[192]Research & Development Center of Sonatrach[192]CallovianAïssa Formation, AlgeriaVertebrae, a partial shoulder, limb bones, a partial skull, and several teeth[192]
Chiayusaurus asianensisKPE 8001[193]Kyungpook National University MuseumAptian-AlbianHasandong Formation, South KoreaA tooth[193]May be a nomen dubium[193]
Chiayusaurus lacustrisNot catalogued[194]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology[194]BarremianXinminbao Group, GansuA tooth[194]Type species of Chiayusaurus; originally named as "Chiayüsaurus", but the ICZN does not permit special characters; may be a nomen dubium[193]
Chinshakiangosaurus chunghoensisIVPP V14474[195]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyPliensbachianFengjiahe Formation, Yunnan[195]Hind limbs, mostly complete hips and shoulders with numerous vertebrae and a jawbone[195]
Choconsaurus baileywillisiMMCh-PV 44/10[196]Ernesto Bachmann Paleontological MuseumCenomanianHuincul Formation, PatagoniaNumerous disarticulated vertebrae, a partial shoulder, scattered ribs, and the bones of a hand[196]
Chondrosteosaurus gigasBMNH 46869[197]Natural History Museum, LondonHauterivianWessex Formation, Wealden Group, EnglandA partial vertebrae[197]
Illustration of the holotype
Chromogisaurus novasiPVSJ 845[198]Universidad Nacional de San JuanCarnianCancha de Bochas Member, Ischigualasto Formation, Argentine Northwest[198]Hip and hind limb bones with fragmentary vertebrae[198]
Diagram of the holotype material
Chuanjiesaurus anaensisLfch 1001[199]Lufeng World Dinosaur Valley[199]BajocianChuanjie Formation, YunnanA series of vertebrae, shoulder bones, several bones of the fore limb, and mostly complete hips and hind limbs[199]Additional material was originally included in the holotype, but these were later determined to belong to a second individual and were separated from the type specimen[199]
Chubutisaurus insignisMACN 18.222[200]Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Argentine MuseumAlbianCerro Barcino Formation, PatagoniaA femur, humerus, radius, scapula, tibia, vertebra and hip elements, and bones of the feet[200]
An illustration of the scapula from the holotype
Chucarosaurus diripiendaHolotype: MPCA PV 820

Paratype: MPCA PV 821[201]

Carlos Ameghino Provincial MuseumCenomanianHuincul Formation, PatagoniaHolotype: several partial leg and hip bones

Paratype: a partial tibia[201]

Digital reconstruction of the holotype
Chuxiongosaurus lufengensisCXM-LT9401[202]Chuxiong Prefectural MuseumHettangianLower Lufeng Formation, YunnanNearly complete skull missing lower jaw[202]Subjective junior synonym of Jingshanosaurus[203]
Clasmodosaurus spatulaNot catalogued[204]Personal collection of Florentino AmeghinoCenomanianBajo Barreal Formation, PatagoniaThree fragmentary teeth[204]Was originally believed to be a carnosaur or a coelurosaur;[204] considered a nomen dubium by some[150]
Coloradisaurus brevisPVL 3967[205]National University of TucumánNorian[206]Los Colorados Formation, Argentine Northwest[207]Mostly complete skull, more matieral awaiting description[207]Originally given the genus name Coloradia before this name was discovered to be occupied by a moth and it was renamed[205][207]
Diagram of the holotype material with missing elements in dark grey
Comahuesaurus windhauseniMOZ-PV 6722[208]Dr. Juan A. Olsacher Provincial Museum of Natural Sciences[208]Late AptianLohan Cura Formation, PatagoniaScattered vertebrae, a humerus, most of the hips, and other limb fragments[208]
Digital reconstruction of the holotype material
Daanosaurus zhangiZDM 0193[209]Zigong Dinosaur MuseumKimmeridgianUpper Shaximiao Formation, SichuanA broken skull, 20+ vertebrae, a femur, and ribs[209]Holotype is believed to be a juvenile, no adult specimens known[209]
Dashanpusaurus dongiHolotype: ZDM 5028

Paratype: ZDM 5027[210]

Zigong Dinosaur MuseumBajocianLower Shaximiao Formation, SichuanHolotype: most of the vertebrae, an ulna, femur, tibia, and partial hip

Paratype: another series of vertebrae, a humerus, and a radius[210]

Datousaurus bashanensisIVPP V.7262-7263[211]Zigong Dinosaur MuseumBajocianLower Shaximiao Formation, SichuanA fragmentary skull with a mostly complete post-cranial skeleton[211]
The skull from the holotype in situ
Daxiatitan binglingiGSLTZP03-001[212]Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration Academy of GansuBarremianHekou Group, Gansu22 vertebrae, a shoulder bone, and a femur, with rib fragments[212]
A restored skeleton on display in Anhui, based on the holotype
Demandasaurus darwiniMDS−RVII[213]Salas de los Infantes Dinosaur MuseumLate BarremianCastrillo de la Reina Formation, SpainSkull and lower jaw fragments with teeth, 33 vertebrae, a partial hip, several ribs, and a femur[213]
Digital reconstruction of the holotype material
Diamantinasaurus matildaeHolotype and paratypes: AODF 603[214]Australian Age of DinosaursCenomanianWinton Formation, QueenslandHolotype: several fragmentary ribs, most of the arms bones, a mostly complete hip, and a single hind limb

Paratypes: six vertebrae, a radius, and a finger bone[214]

Type genus of the clade "Diamantinasauria"[215]
Left and right lateral views of the type material
Dicraeosaurus hansemanni"Skeleton m", no specimen number given[216]Natural History Museum, BerlinKimmeridgianMiddle Dinosaur Member, Tendaguru Formation, Tanzania[217]Mostly complete skeleton with a partial skull but lacking the front limbs[216]Type species of Dicraeosaurus as well as of the family "Dicraeosauridae" and the subfamily "Dicraeosaurinae"[218]
A diagram of known material with the holotype in brown
Dicraeosaurus sattleri"Skeleton M", no specimen number given[219]Natural History Museum, BerlinKimmeridgianMidd;le Dinosaur Member, Tendaguru Formation, TanzaniaPartial vertebral series with complete hips and a femur[219]
A diagram of known material with the holotype elements in red
Dinhierosaurus lourinhanensisML 414[220]Museu da LourinhãTithonianPraia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member, Lourinhã Formation, PortugalSeven dorsal vertebrae[220]More material was found associated with the holotype, but these were not included within the type specimen;[220] originally assigned to the genus Lourinhasaurus before being given its own genus;[220] subjective junior synonym of Supersaurus[17]
A digital illustration of several of the holotype vertebrae
Dinodocus mackesoniNHMUK 14695[221]Natural History Museum, LondonAptian or AlbianLower Greensand Group, EnglandShoulder and hip bones with a humerus, ulnba, tibia, fibula, a partial femur, and several metatarsals[222]Originally described as a specimen of the pliosaurid Polyptychodon[222] before being referred to Pelorosaurus and then being given its own genus; subjective junior synonym of Pelorosaurus;[223] may be a nomen dubium[224]
An illustration of the holotype humerus
Diplodocus carnegiiHolotype: CM 84

Paratype: CM 94[17]

Carnegie Museum of Natural HistoryKimmeridgianTalking Rocks Member, Morrison Formation, WyomingTwo mostly complete skeletons with the skulls[17]Was proposed to be designated the new type species of Diplodocus, but this was rejected by the ICZN[225]
A diagram of known material with the holotype elements in green and the paratype in yellow
Diplodocus hallorumNMMNH P-3690[226]National Museum of Natural History, ParisKimmeridgianJackpile Sandstone Member, Morrison Formation, New Mexico32 vertebrae, a partial hip, and several ribs[226]Originally named Seismosaurus halli,[226] but the species name was changed to "hallorum" to be more grammatically correct;[17] was once considered a junior synonym of Supersaurus,[227] but was later referred to the genus Diplodocus[228]
Diplodocus lacustrisYPM 1922[17]Peabody Museum of Natural HistoryKimmeridgianBrushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, ColoradoA lower jaw, a partial maxilla, and associated teeth[17]Nomen dubium, some have suggested that the type material may belong to Camarasaurus[17]
Diplodocus longusYPM VP 1920[17]Peabody Museum of Natural HistoryKimmeridgianBrushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, ColoradoTwo complete vertebrae with other fragmentary elements[17]Type species of Diplodocus as well as of the superfamily "Diplodocoidea", the family "Diplodocidae", and the subfamily "Diplodocinae"; D. longus is considered by some to be dubious,[17] although some regard it as valid;[229][230] additional material was once considered part of the holotype, but it is uncertain if these bones are from the same individual[17]
Illustration of the holotype by O.C. Marsh
Dongbeititan dongiDNHM D2867[231]Dalian Natural History MuseumBarremianJianshangou Bed, Yixian Formation, LiaoningNumerous vertebrae with a partial shoulder, hip, a complete hind limb, a femur, and a few ribs[231]
Dongyangosaurus sinensisDYM 04888[232]Dongyang MuseumCenomanianJinhua Formation, ZhejiangA complete pelvis with several articulated vertebrae[232]
The holotype on display
Dreadnoughtus schraniHolotype: MPM-PV 1156

Paratype: MPM-PV 3546[233]

Regional Provincial Museum of Father Jesus MolinaCampanian or MaastrichtianCerro Fortaleza Formation, PatagoniaHolotype: ostly complete skeleton lacking most of the neck and head

Paratype: several vertebrae, ribs, a mostly complete pelvis, and a femur[233]

Diagram of the material known from the holotype
Drusilasaura deseadensisMPM-PV 2097/1 to 2097/19[234]Regional Provincial Museum of Father Jesus MolinaUncertain, possibly Cenomanian or Turonian[234]Upper Member, Bajo Barreal Formation, PatagoniaEleven vertebrae, a shoulder bone, and fragments of ribs[234]
Duriatitan humerocristatusBMNH 44635[235]Natural History Museum, LondonKimmeridgianKimmeridge Clay, EnglandA humerus[235]Originally named as a new species of Cetiosaurus[236] before being referred to its own genus
An illustration of the holotype shown from multiple views
Dyslocosaurus polyonychiusAC 663[237]Beneski Museum of Natural HistoryKimmeridgian[238]Morrison Formation, Wyoming[238]A complete fore limb and hind limb[237]Was originally believed to be from the Maastrichtian-aged Lance Formation[237] or the Early Cretaceous Cloverly Formation;[238] holotype may be a chimera including toe bones from a theropod[17]
The holotype on display in Amherst
Dystrophaeus viaemalaeUSNM 2364[239]Smithsonian InstitutionOxfordian[239]Tidwell Member, Morrison Formation, WyomingA partial vertebra and shoulder with an ulna, radius, and three metacarpals[17]Additional material has been recovered from the same locality as the holotype,[239] considered a nomen dubium by some authors[17]
The bones of the holotype laid out individually
Dystylosaurus edwiniBYU 5750[240]BYU Museum of PaleontologyKimmeridgianBrushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, ColoradoA set of dorsal vertebrae[240]Now widely considered a junior synonym of Supersaurus[241]
Dzharatitanis kingiUSNM 538127[242]Smithsonian InstitutionTuronianBissekty Formation, UzbekistanA caudal vertebra[242]
The holotype vertebra shown from multiple views
Efraasia minorSMNS 11838[243]Stuttgart State Museum of Natural HistoryNorianStubensandstein Member, Lower Löwenstein Formation, Germany[243]Partial hip, a hind limb, and a few vertebraeOriginally described as a species of the pseudosuchian Teratosaurus before being moved to the genus Sellosaurus and then Palaeosaurus until the new genus "Efraasia" was created[244]
Elaltitan lilloiPVL 4628, MACN-CH 217[95]National University of Tucumán and Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Argentine MuseumLate Cenomanian or TuronianLower Bajo Barreal Formation, Patagonia[95]Vertebrae, mostly complete fore limbs, a shoulder, partial hip, and hind limb elements
An illustration of the holotype with known elements in blue
[95]
Eomamenchisaurus yuanmouensisCXMVZA 165[245]Chuxiong Prefectural MuseumUncertain, middle Jurassic[246]Zhanghe Formation, Yunnan[246]Mostly complete hips, a femur, and a tibia[245]
Eoraptor lunensisPVSJ 512[247]Universidad Nacional de San JuanCarnianCancha de Bochas Member, Ischigualasto Formation, Argentine Northwest[247]Mostly complete articulated skeleton[247]Has been variously classified as a sauropodomorph,[248] a theropod,[249] and a basal saurischian;[250] the most recent analyses repeatedly suggest it is an early sauropodomorph[251]
Holotype specimen on display in San Juan, Argentina
Epachthosaurus sciuttoiHolotype: MACN-CH 1317

Paratype: MACN-CH 18689[252]

Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Argentine MuseumTuronianBajo Barreal Formation, PatagoniaHolotype: one vertebra

Paratype: partial hip and several more vertebrae[252]

Originally referred to Antarctosaurus and then to Argyrosaurus before being given its own genus[253]
Vertebrae from the paratype
Erketu ellisoniIGM 100/1803[254]Mongolian Academy of SciencesUncertain (Cenomanian to Coniacian?)[255]Bayan Shireh Formation, MongoliaNumerous cervical vertebrae[254]
Diagram of the holotype material with unknown material in gray
Eucamerotus foxiNHMUK R.2522[256]Natural History Museum, LondonBarremianWessex Formation, England[256]Single fragmentary vertebra[256]Was originally not given a species name,[256] has been synonymized with Ornithopsis[197] and Pelorosaurus,[257] but subsequent authors consider it a valid genus[258]
Eucnemesaurus entaxonisBP/1/6234[259]Evolutionary Studies InstituteNorianLower Elliot Formation, South Africa[260]Vertebrae, a partial hip, and a mostly complete hind limb[259]
Eucnemesaurus fortisTrM 119[261]Transvaal MuseumNorian[262]Lower Elliot Formation, South Africa[262]A partial hip, a few vertebrae, and several limb elements[261]Type species of Eucnemesaurus
An illustration of one of the holotype limb bones
Euhelopus zdanskyiPMU 24705[263]Museum of Evolution of Uppsala UniversityBerriasian or Valanginian[264]Meng-Yin Formation, ShandongNumerous vertebrae, a femur, and a partial skull including lower jaw[263]Type species of the family "Euhelopodidae"[265]
CT scans of the holotype skull from multiple views
Europasaurus eastwoodiDFMMh/FV 291[266]Dinosaur Park MünchehagenKimmeridgianSüntel Formation, GermanyDisarticulated skull with numerous teeth, vertebrae, and ribs[266]Part of the holotype was destroyed before it was formally described[267][268]
Two vertebrae of the holotype shown mid-preparation
Euskelosaurus africanusSAM 3608[37]Iziko South African MuseumNorianLower Elliot Formation, South AfricaA partial hip[37]Generally considered a nomen dubium[269]
Euskelosaurus browni or E. bornwiiBMNH R1625[37]Natural History Museum, LondonNorianLower Elliot Formation, South AfricaFragmentary vertebra, leg bones, and a partial hip[37]Type species of Euskelosaurus; may be a nomen dubium or a junior synonym of Plateosauravus;[269] has also been spelled "Euskelesaurus" by some authors[37]
Ferganasaurus verziliniPIN N 3042/1[270]Russian Academy of SciencesCallovianBalabansai Formation, Kyrgyzstan[270]Several vertebrae with hip and limb bones[270]
Fukuititan nipponensisFPDM-V8468[271]Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur MuseumAptian[271]Kitadani Formation, JapanMostly complete shoulder, fore limb, and hind limb, with vertebral fragments[271]
The disarticulated holotype material on display in Japan
Fulengia youngiCUP 2037[272]Fu Jen Catholic UniversityEarly JurassicLufeng Formation, YunnanA skull, a vertebra, and some unidentified fragments[272]Subjective junior synonym of Lufengosaurus;[272] originally believed to be aa lizard[273] before later being recognized as a juvenile sauropodomorph[272]
Fushanosaurus qitaiensisFH000101[274]Fushan MuseumOxfordianShishugou Formation, XinjiangA femur[274]
Futalognkosaurus dukeiMUCPv-323[275]National University of ComahueTuronianPortezuelo Formation, PatagoniaFour disarticulated vertebrae and a mostly complete hip[275]
Diagram of the holotype material with a human silhouette for scale
Galeamopus hayiHMNS 175 (=CM 662)[17]Houston Museum of Natural ScienceKimmeridgianMorrison Formation, Wyoming[17]Partial skeleton with preserved skull<[17]Type species of Galeamopus, originally Diplodocus hayi[17]
The holotype mounted in a museum display
Galeamopus pabstiUSNM V 2673 (=SMA 0011)[276]Aathal Dinosaur Museum[276]KimmeridgianMorrison Formation, WyomingComplete skull and most of the anterior half of the skeleton[276]Specimen nicknamed "Max"[17]
The holotype skull on display
Galvesaurus herreroi or Galveosaurus herreroi[277]CLH-16[278]Galve Museum of PaleontologyKimmeridgianVillar del Arzobispo Formation, SpainSeveral vertebrae[278]
Gandititan cavocaudatusJXGM-F-V1[279]Jiangxi Geological MuseumCenomanian or Turonian[279]Zhoutian Formation, JiangxiNumerous vertebrae, some ribs, and a partial hip[279]
Garrigatitan meridionalisMMS / VBN.09.17[280]Velaux-La Bastide Neuve[280]CampanianArgiles et Grès à Reptiles Formation, FranceA vertebra, two humeri, and hip elements[280]
Garumbatitan morellensisHolotype: SAV05-021, 023–031, 039–045, 048–050, 055, 060–071, SAV08-040, 100-104

Paratype: SAV05-013, 031a, 031b, 032–038, 046-047[281]

Tremps Museum of DinosaursLate BarremianArcillas de Morella Formation, SpainHolotype: numerous articulated vertebrae, ribs, a partial shoulder, most of the hind limbs, and several hip bones

Paratype: several ribs and two almost complete hind limbs[281]

All bones of the holotype are believed to be from a single individual, the rest of the bones found at the locality form the paratype[281]
Gigantosaurus megalonyxSyntypes: CAMSM J.29477 to J.29483[282]Sedgwick Museum of Earth SciencesKimmeridgianKimmeridge Clay Formation, England[282]Fragments of limb bones and vertebrae[282]Generally considered a nomen dubium, has been subsequently synonymized with Ornithopsis[283] and Pelorosaurus[284]
The type series
Gigantoscelus molengraaffiTrM 65Transvaal MuseumHettangian or Sinemurian[285]Bushveld Sandstone, South AfricaPartial femur[286]
Giraffatitan brancaiLectotype: MB.R.2180

Paralectotype: MB.R.2181[287]

Natural History Museum, BerlinTithonianTendaguru Formation, TanzaniaMajority of the skeleton[219]
The type specimens on display with missing elements filled in
Glacialisaurus hammeriFMNH PR1823[288]Field Museum of Natural HistoryPliensbachianHanson Formation, Antarctica[288]Partial ankle, foot, and femur[288]
One of the feet from the holotype from multiple views
Gobititan shenzhouensisIVPP 12579[289]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyAptian[290]Xiagou Formation, Xinminbao Group, Gansu[289]41 vertebrae and a mostly complete hind limb[289]
Gondwanatitan faustoiMN 4111-V[291]National Museum of BrazilLate Campanian[292]Adamantina Formation, São PauloMostly complete skeleton[291]
Gonxianosaurus shibeiensisHolotype and paratype: never catalogued, possibly lost[293]Sichuan Geological Survey[294]ToarcianDongyuemiao Member, Ziliujing Formation, Sichuan[295]Partial skull, several vertebrae, partial pelvis, ribs, and limb elements[296]
Gresslyosaurus ingensNMB BM 1, 10, 24, 53, 530–1, 1521, 1572–74, 1576–78, 1582, 1584–85, 1591[297]Natural History Museum BambergSevatian (a.k.a. late Norian)[298]Knollenmergel Member, Trossingen Formation, Switzerland[298]Scattered postcranial elements including partial vertebrae, pedal elements, and long bone fragments[299]Type species of Gresslyosaurus, may belong to the genus Plateosaurus,[300] originally named "Dinosaurus gresslyi" but this name was never accompanied by a formal description, so it remains a nomen nudum[299]
The holotype on display
Gresslyosaurus plieningeriSMNS 80664[301]State Museum of Natural History StuttgartNorian[298]Knollenmergel Member, Trossingen Formation, Germany[302]May belong to the genus Plateosaurus[300] or Tuebingosaurus[303]
Gresslyosaurus robustusGPIT-PV-6312[303]Institute of Geosciences, University of TübingenRhaetianExter Formation, Germany[303]Partial leg and foot bones with fragments of vertebrae[303]May be a nomen dubium[303] or belong to the genus Plateosaurus,[300] several hip bones were described with the rest of the holotype which have been lost[303]
Gryponyx africanusSAM 3357-3359[37]Iziko South African MuseumSinemurianUpper Elliot Formation, South AfricaMost of the hips and hind limbs, both hands, and some vertebrae[37]Originally believed to be a theropod,[304] but is now known to be a sauropodomorph; subjective junior synonym of Massospondylus[38]
An illustration of some of the bones of the type series
Gryponyx tayloriSAM 3453[37]Iziko South African MuseumSinemurianUpper Elliot Formation, South AfricaA partial hip and associated vertebrae[37]Subjective junior synonym of Massospondylus[305]
Guaibasaurus candelariensisHolotype: MCN PV2355

Paratype: MCN PV2356[306]

Museum of Natural Sciences of the Zoobotanica Foundation of Rio Grande do SulNorianCaturrita Formation, Rio Grande do SulHolotype: numerous partial vertebrae, 5 ribs, shoulder and hip elements, partial femora and other long bones, and most of both feet

Paratype: a mostly complete articulated hind limb[306]

Type species of the family "Guaibasauridae",[306] has sometimes been suggested to be a theropod,[307] but this is not the scientific consensus[308][309]
Diagram of all known material, including the holotype
Gyposaurus capensisSAM 990[37]Iziko South African MuseumEarly JurassicUpper Elliot Formation, South AfricaSeveral vertebrae and ribs, shoulder and hip bones, a femur, fibula, and foot bones[37]Originally named as a species of Hortalotarsus[310] before being given its own genus;[37] has also been synonymized with Anchisaurus[305] and Massospondylus[38] by some authors
Gyposaurus sinensisIVPP V15[311]Geological Museum of ChinaHettangianLufeng Formation, YunnanJaw fragments and a mostly complete post-cranial skeleton[312]Originally named "Gripposaurus" in a publication, but this is a nomen nudum;[313] subjective junior synonym of Lufengosaurus,[314][311] but some researchers believe this taxon represents a distinct genus[312]
The type series on display in Beijing
Haestasaurus becklesiiNHMUK R1870[315]Natural History Museum, LondonBerriasianHastings Beds, Wealden Group, EnglandMostly complete forelimb with skin impressions[315][316]Originally named as a species of Pelorosaurus before being given its own genus[315]
One of the humeri from the holotype from multiple views
Hamititan xinjiangensisHM V22[317]Hami MuseumBarremian or Aptian[318]Shengjinkou Formation, XinjiangSeveral caudal vertebrae[317]
Diagram of the holotype material
Haplocanthosaurus delfsiCMNH 10380[319]Cleveland Museum of Natural HistoryKimmeridgianSalt Wash Member, Morrison Formation, ColoradoNumerous vertebrae, limb bones, and ribs[320]
Haplocanthosaurus priscusCM 572[321]Carnegie Museum of Natural HistoryKimmeridgianBrushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, ColoradoNumerous vertebrae, ribs, a mostly complete hip and isolated limb bones[321]Type species of Haplocanthosaurus,[322] originally named Haplocanthus before it was discovered that that genus was preoccupied[323]
Diagram of the holotype material in situ
Haplocanthosaurus utterbackiCM 879/10380[320]Carnegie Museum of Natural HistoryKimmeridgianBrushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, ColoradoMostly complete skeleton[320]Sometimes considered a junior synonym of H. priscus[324]
Diagram of the holotype material
Histriasaurus boscarolliiWN V-6[325]Zagreb Institute of GeologyHatuverianUnnamed formation, Istarska, Croatia[326]A set of vertebrae[325]
One of the holotype vertebrae
Hortalotarsus skirtopodusAM 455[327]Albany Museum, South AfricaSinemurianClarens Formation, South AfricaA tibia, fibula, and several phalanges[327]Originally referred to the genus Thecodontosaurus before being given its own genus,[327] may be a nomen dubium,[328][329] many more bones were found associated with the holotype, but they were destroyed during excavation by a gunpowder explosion in an attempt to free the specimen from the rock[327]
An illustration of the holotype elements with each bone labeled
Huabeisaurus allocotusHBV-20001[330]Shijiazhuang University MuseumCampanianUpper Member, Huiquanpu Formation, Shanxi[330]Numerous vertebrae and chevrons, ribs, a partial hip, and several limb elements[330]
Diagram of the holotype elements in situ
Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensisGSLTZP02-001[331]Gansu Geological MuseumBarremianUpper Hekou Group, Gansu[331]Two caudal vertebrae and a mostly complete hip with shoulder and rib fragments[331]Type species of Huanghetitan
Huanghetitan ruyangensis41HIII-0001[332]Henan Geological MuseumAptian or Albian[333]Haoling Formation, Henan[332]Articulated vertebral segment with ribs[332]May belong to its own genus[334]
Huangshanlong anhuiensisAGB 5818[335]Anhui Paleontological MuseumUncertain, Middle Jurassic[336]Hongqin Formation, Anhui[336]Mostly complete fore limb[335]
Diagram of the holotype material
Hudiesaurus sinojapanorumIVPP V 11120[337]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyKimmeridgian or TithonianHongshan Formation, Xinjiang[337]A cervical vertebra[337]
Diagram of the holotype material
Hypselosaurus priscusNot catalogued[79]National Museum of Natural History, FranceMaastrichtianArgiles et Grès à Reptiles Formation, FranceVertebrae and limb elements[338]
Illustration of the holotype material
Ibirania parvaLPP-PV-0200– 0207[339]Federal University of São CarlosSantonianSão José do Rio Preto Formation, São PauloPartial vertebrae, a radius, ulna, and elements of the feet[339]
Igai semkhuVB 621–640[340]Technical University of BerlinCampanianQuseir Formation, Egypt[340]Five fragmentary vertebrae, shoulder and fore limb elements, hip fragments, both tibiae, a fibula, and three metatarsals[340]Specimen was heavily damaged by weathering due to improper storage conditions between its discovery in 1977 and its description in 2023[340]
Ignavusaurus rachelisBM HR 20[341]National Museum of Natural History, FranceHettangianUpper Elliot Formation, Lesotho[341]Extremely fragmentary skull with numerous teeth, most of the dorsal vertebrae, most of the left arm and shoulder, complete hips, both femora, and the lower right leg[341]Holotype is known to be a juvenile and has been suggested to be a junior synonym of Massospondylus[93]
Inawentu oslatusMAU-Pv-LI-595[342]Urquiza Argentine MuseumSantonianBajo de la Carpa Formation, PatagoniaMostly complete skull, nearly complete vertebral series, and hip bones[342]
Ingentia primaPVSJ 1086[343]National University of San JuanRhaetianQuebrada del Barro Formation, Argentine Northwest[343]Most of the cervical vertebrae, a nearly complete fore limb, and a shoulder fragment[343]
Some of the holotype vertebrae which were found articulated
Irisosaurus yimenensisCVEB 21901[344]Yunnan UniversityHettangianFengjiahe Formation, Yunnan[344]Several scattered vertebrae, a partial rostrum, both fore limbs and shoulders, and fragments from the hip, foot, and dentary[344]
Diagram of all the material of the holotype
Isanosaurus attavipachiCH4[345]Fossil collection of the Department of Mineral Resources of Thailand[345]PliensbachianNam Phong Formation, ThailandA femur, partial shoulder, and several disarticulated vertebrae and ribs[345]
The femur of the holotype on display
Isisaurus colbertiISI R 335/1-65[346]Indian Statistical InstituteMaastrichtianLameta Formation, IndiaMost of the vertebrae with a mostly complete fore limb, shoulder, and a partial pelvis[346]Originally named Titanosaurus colberti[347] before being given its own genus
Issi saaneqHolotype: NHMD 164741

Paratype: NHMD 164758[348]

Natural History Museum of DenmarkMiddle NorianFleming Fjord Formation, Greenland[348]Holotype: a mostly complete skull

Paratype: a second skull[348]

Digital model of the skull from multiple views
Itapeuasaurus cajapioensisHolotype: UFMA. 1.10.1960-1, 3–5, 8

Paratype: UFMA. 1.10.1960-2, 6, and 9-11[349]

Federal University of MaranhãoCenomanianAlcântara Formation, MaranhãoHolotype: six partial vertebrae

Paratype: chevrons with a partial hip[349]

Diagram of the holotype material
Iuticosaurus lydekkeriLectotype: BMNH R146a[350]Natural History Museum, LondonUncertain (Albian to Cenomanian?)[351]Upper Greensand Formation, EnglandA caudal vertebra[350]Originally referred to Ornithopsis and then to Titanosaurus before being referred to the genus Iuticosaurus as a new species[350]
Iuticosaurus valdensisLectotype: BMNH 151[350]Natural History Museum, LondonBarremianWessex Formation, EnglandA caudal vertebra[350]Type species of Iuticosaurus, riginally referred to Ornithopsis and then to Titanosaurus before being given its own genus, the presumed paralectotype was given its own species, I. lydekkeri[350]
Illustration of the holotype vertebra
Jainosaurus septentionalisLectotype: GSI IM K27/497

Paralectotypes: GSI K20/317, 326, 647, and K27/425, 490–492, 496[352]

Geological Survey of IndiaMaastrichtianLameta Formation, IndiaLectotype: a braincase

Paralectotypes: several vertebrae, ribs fragments, and two arm bones[353]

Originally named as a species of Antarctosaurus before being given its own genus[354]
Jaklapallisaurus asymmetricaHolotype: ISI R273/1-3

Paratype: ISI R273/4-15[355]

Indian Statistical InstituteLate Norian to Early Rhaetian[355]Upper Maleri Formation, IndiaHolotype: an ilium, femur, and other partial leg elements

Paratype: several vertebrae, hip elements, and bones from the lower fore limbs and hind limbs[355]

The holotype and paratype were both found in association, but only the articulated elements were designated as the holotype because the paratypes are from multiple individuals[355]
Janenschia robustaSMNS 12144[356]State Museum of Natural History StuttgartTithonianTendaguru Formation, TanzaniaMostly complete hind limb[356]Was originally named Gigantosaurus robustus,[357] but the name was preoccupied so it was later referred to Tornieria[358] and then to Barosaurus[359] before being given its own genus[356]
The holotype in situ on display in Germany
Jiangshanosaurus xidiensisZNM M1322[360]Zhejiang Museum of Natural HistoryCenomanianJinhua Formation, ZhejiangSeveral vertebrae, a shoulder, a partial hip, and a femur[360]
Jiangxititan ganzhouensisNHMG 034062[361]Natural History Museum of GuangxiMaastrichtianNanxiong Formation, Jiangxi7 articulated vertebrae with 6 ribs[361]
Jingiella dongxingensisDXJL2021001[362]Dongxing Municipal Bureau of Natural ResourcesLate Jurassic (exact age uncertain)[362]Lower Member, Dongxing Formation, Guangxi6 vertebrae, both ulnae, and a femur[362]The initially proposed genus name Jingia was preoccupied by a moth,[363] so the dinosaur received the replacement name Jingiella[364]
Diagram of the holotype material
Jingshanosaurus xinwaensisLFGT-ZLJ0113[203]Lufeng World Dinosaur Valley[203]HettangianShawan Member, Lufeng Formation, Yunnan[203]Nearly complete skeleton including the skull and mandible[203]
Jobaria tiguidensisMNN TIG3[365]Musée National Boubou HamaUncertain (Callovian to Late Jurassic?)[366]Tiourarén Formation, NigerMostly complete skeleton[365]
A cast of the head from the holotype on display
Kaatedocus siberiSMA 0004[367]Aathal Dinosaur MuseumKimmeridgianLower Morrison Formation, WyomingSkull and postcranial fragments[367]Most of the bones of the original specimen were destroyed in a fire at the AMNH in the 1940s[367]
Skull of the holotype from multiple views
Kaijutitan mauiMAU-Pv-CM-522[368]Urquiza Argentine Municipal MuseumConiacian[368]Sierra Barrosa Formation, Patagonia[368]Partial skull with fragmentary postcrania including ribs, vertebrae, long bones, and other unidentified fragments[368]
Karongasaurus gittelmaniMal-175[369]Malawi Department of AntiquitiesUncertain (Barremian to Aptian?)[370]Dinosaur Beds, MalawiPartial dentary with associated teeth[369]
The jaw and teeth of the holotype shown from multiple views
Katepensaurus goicoecheaiUNPSJB-PV 1007[371]National University of Patagonia San Juan Bosco[371]Cenomanian to Turonian[371]Lower Bajo Barreal Formation, Patagonia[371]A series of disarticulated vertebrae with unidentified fragments[371]
The holotype vertebrae laid out individually and labeled
Kholumolumo ellenbergerorumHolotype: MNHN.F.LES381m

Paratypes: MNHN.F.LES26, 29, 32, 54, 76–77, 81–82, 89, 92–93, 147, 152–153, 155, 159, 168–169, 375a, 376, 378–379, 386, 394, and 397[261]

National Museum of Natural History, FranceRhaetianLower Elliot Formation, Lesotho[261]Holotype: complete tibia

Paratypes: partial skull, numerous vertebrae, a partial shoulder, a humerus, ulna, several hand bones, a partial hip, most of the right hind limb, and the left metatarsals[261]

Kotasaurus yamanpalliensis21/SR/PAL[372]Birla Science MuseumSinemurian to Pliensbachian[373]Kota Formation, IndiaMost of the skeleton lacking the skull[372]
The holotype on display and mounted with a hypothetical skull
Lamplughsaura dharmaramensisISI R257[374]Indian Statistical InstituteSinemurianUpper Dharmaram Formation, IndiaMost of the vertebrae, several ribs, shoulder and hip elements, both humeri, other hand bones, and most of the legs[374]
Laplatasaurus araukanicusLectotype: MLP 26-306[375]La Plata MuseumCampanianAnacleto Formation, PatagoniaA tibia and fibula[375]No holotype was originally designated when it was described;[375] has also been referred to the genus Titanosaurus,[376] but this is not universally accepted[375][346]
An illustration of the holotype in lateral view
Lapparentosaurus madagascariensisMAA 91-92[377]National Museum of Natural History, ParisBathonianIsalo III Formation, MadagascarTwo partial vertebrae[377]Originally named as a new species of Bothriospondylus before being given its own genus[377]
Lavocatisaurus agrioensisMOZ-Pv1232[378]Museum of Dr. Juan A. OlsacherAptianRayoso Formation, PatagoniaMostly complete head and neck, a shoulder, a fore arm, ribs, leg bones, and part of the tail[378]
Ledumahadi mafubeBP/1/7120[379]Evolutionary Studies InstituteHettangianElliot Formation, South AfricaSeveral vertebrae, a hip bone, and limb fragments[379]
Leinkupal laticaudaHolotype: MMCH-Pv 63-1

Paratypes: MMCH-Pv 63–2 to 63-8[380]

Ernesto Bachmann Paleontological MuseumValanginianBajada Colorada Formation, PatagoniaHolotype: a tail vertebra

Paratypes: seven additional vertebrae[380]

The holotype tail vertebra shown from multiple views
Leonerasaurus taquetrensisMPEF-PV 1663[381]Museum of Paleontology Egidio FeruglioUncertain, probably Early Jurassic, but could be Late Triassic[381]Upper Member, Las Leoneras Formation, PatagoniaA lower jaw with teeth, a mostly articulated vertebral column, a shoulder, humerus, most of the hips, a partial femur, and a few foot bones[381]
Lessemsaurus sauropoidesPVL 4822-1/1 to 4822-1/7 and 4822-1/10[382]National University of TucumánNorianLos Colorados Formation, Argentine NorthwestNine dorsal vertebrae[343]Type species for the family "Lessemsauridae"; additional remains were discovered associated with the holotype, but these are not confidently known to be from the same individual[343]
Leyesaurus marayensisPVSJ 706[383]National University of San JuanEarly Jurassic, exact age uncertain[383]Quebrada del Barro Formation, Marayes Group, PatagoniaA complete skull with neck vertebrae with fragments from the tail, foot, hips, and shoulder[383]
A digital reconstruction of the holotype material
Liaoningotitan sinensisPMOL-AD00112[384]Paleontological Museum of LiaoningBarremianYixian Formation, LiaoningA partial skull, humerus, and a hip bone[384]
Ligabuesaurus leanzaiMCF-PHV-233[385]Carmen Funes Municipal MuseumAlbianCullín Grande Member, Lohan Cura Formation, PatagoniaA partial maxilla with teeth, six vertebrae, shoulders, both humeri, a mostly complete leg, and other fragments of ribs and the hands[385]
Limaysaurus tessoneiMUCPv-205[386]National University of ComahueCenomanianHuincul Formation, PatagoniaA partial hip and several tail vertebrae[386]Type species of the subfamily "Limaysaurinae";[387] originally named as a species of Rebbachisaurus[386] before being given its own genus[388]
Diagrams of known material with the holotype in green (left)
Lingwulong shenqiHolotype: LM V001a

Paratypes: LGP V001b[389]

Lingwu MuseumToarcian or BajocianYanan Formation, NingxiaHolotype: partial brain case

Paratype: several vertebrae, a partial hip, and most of a hind limb[389]

Elements of the holotype laid out individually
Lirainosaurus astibiaeHolotype: MCNA 7458

Paratypes: MCNA 3160 and 7439-7474[390]

Juan Cornelio Moyano Museum of Natural and Anthropological SciencesCampanianVitoria Formation, SpainHolotype: a caudal vertebra

Paratypes: a partial brain case, several teeth, several vertebrae, a shoulder, several limb bones, and osteoderms[390]

Type series belongs to at least two individuals[390]
The brain case of the paratype shown from multiple views
Liubangosaurus heiNHMG 8152[391]Natural History Museum of GuangxiAptianXinlong Formation, GuangxiFive articulated caudal vertebrae[391]
Lohuecotitan pandafilandiHUE-EC-01[392]Castilla-la Mancha Science MuseumLate CampanianVillalba de la Sierra Formation, SpainSeveral vertebrae, ribs, a partial hip, several leg bones, and some unidentified fragments[392]
A photo of the holotype during excavation
Loricosaurus scutatusMLP.Cs.1210, 1213–1215, 1218–1221, 1226, 1228–1232, 1235, 1237, 1470–1477, 2006, 2010[180]La Plata MuseumMaastrichtianAllen Formation, PatagoniaSeveral osteoderms[180]Was originally believed to be an ankylosaur,[180] but is currently believed to be a sauropod; subjective junior synonym of Neuquensaurus[393]
Losillasaurus giganteusSNH 180[394]Museum of Natural Sciences of ValenciaKimmeridgianVillar del Arzobispo Formation, SpainA partial skull with a few vertebrae, most of an arm, shoulder bones, and hips[394]
One of the vertebrae from the holotype
Lourinhasaurus alenquerensisLectotype: MIGM 4956–7, 4970, 4975, 4979–80, 4983-4 and 5780-1[395]Geological Museum of the Geological and Mining Institute, LisbonKimmeridgianPraia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member, Lourinhã Formation, PortugalSeveral vertebrae with associated ribs, both shoulders, part of the hips, and several bones of the arm and leg[395]Has been variously referred to the genera Atlantosaurus,[396] Apatosaurus,[397] Camarasaurus,[150] and Brontosaurus in the past; no holotype was originally assigned,[397] but all the lectotype elements are believed to be from a single individual[395]
Lufengosaurus hueneiIVPP V15[398]Paleozoological Museum of ChinaHettangianShawan Member, Lower Lufeng Formation, YunnanMostly complete skeleton with a skull[398]Type species of Lufengosaurus[399]
The holotype on display in Beijing
Lufengosaurus magnusIVPP V.82[398]Paleozoological Museum of ChinaHettangianShawan Member, Lower Lufeng Formation, YunnanTBD[398]Subjective junior synonym of L. huenei[400]
Lusotitan atalaiensisLectotypes: MIGM 4798, 4801–10, 4938, 4944, 4950, 4952, 4958, 4964–6, 4981–2, 4985, 8807, and 8793-5[48]Geological Museum of the Geological and Mining Institute, LisbonLate KimmeridgianPraia da Amoreira-Porto Novo Member, Lourinhã Formation, PortugalSeveral caudal vertebrae, ribs fragments, parts of the shoulders, partial arm bones, most of the hips, and parts of the left foot[48]Originally described as a species of Brachiosaurus;[401] no holotype was originally designated[395]
The humerus from the holotype shown from multiple views
Macrocollum itaquiiHolotype: CAPPA/UFSM 0001a

Paratypes: CAPPA/UFSM 0001b and 0001c[402]

Paleontological Research Support Center of Quarta ColôniaEarly NorianCaturrita Formation, Rio Grande do SulHolotypes: mostly complete skeleton

Paratypes: two other skeletons lacking the skull and neck[402]

A composite diagram of the type series
Macrurosaurus platypusCAMSM B55449-55453[403]Sedgwick Museum of Earth SciencesAlbian[404]Chalk Group, EnglandFour metatarsals[403]Originally named as a species of Acanthopholis before the metatarsals of the type series were referred to the genus Macrurosaurus;[403] may be a nomen dubium[405]
Metatarsals of the holotype shown from multiple views
Macrurosaurus semnusSyntypes: SM B55630-55652[406]Sedgwick Museum of Earth SciencesAlbian[407]Cambridge Greensand, England23 caudal vertebrae from at least two animals[403]Type species of Macrurosaurus[406]
An illustration of one of the vertebrae from the type series
Magyarosaurus dacusMBFSZ Ob.3091[408]Hungarian Geological SurveyEarly MaastrichtianSânpetru Formation, RomaniaTwo caudal vertebrae and a toe claw[408]Originally Titanosaurus dacus before being given its own genus;[408] type species of Magyarosaurus[409]
Magyarosaurus hungaricusMAFI Ob.3104[409]Hungarian Geological SurveyMaastrichtianLower Sânpetru Formation, RomaniaA humerus[409]The holotype is significantly larger than any other known fossils of Magyarosaurus, and some have suggested it belongs to its own genus,[409] others believe it may be a junior synonym of M. dacus[408]
Malarguesaurus florenciaeIANIGLA-PV 110[410]Argentine Institute of Nivology, Glaciology and Environmental SciencesTuronianPortezuelo Formation, PatagoniaSeveral caudal vertebrae, ribs, a partial humerus, femur, and several indeterminate fragments[410]
Malawisaurus dixeyiSAM 7405[411]Iziko South African MuseumBarremian or AptianDinosaur Beds, MalawiHolotype: a caudal vertebra

Topotype: skull fragments, teeth, several more vertebrae, two sternal bones, and a partial hip[411]

Originally named as a species of Gigantosaurus,[412] and later Tornieria, before being moved to its own genus[411]
A mount in Toronto based on the holotype
Mamenchisaurus anyuensisAL 001[413]UncertainPossibly Late Jurassic[413] or Early Cretaceous[290]Penglaizhen Formation, SichuanMostly complete skull and skeleton only lacking a few foot bones;[413] has been alternatively spelled M. anyueensis[414]May represent a distinct genus[414]
Mamenchisaurus constructusIVPP AS V.790[415]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyKimmeridgianUpper Member, Shaximiao Formation, SichuanPartial skeleton lacking the skull, hips, and arms[415]Type species of Mamenchisaurus and of the family "Mamenchisauridae"[416]
Mamenchisaurus hochuanensisCCG V 20401[417]Chengdu College of GeologyBathonianUpper Member, Shaximiao Formation, SichuanAlmost complete vertebral series lacking the skull[417]
Mamenchisaurus jingyanensisHolotype: CV 00734

Paratype: JV 002[418]

Chongqing Museum of Natural HistoryBathonianUpper Shaximiao Formation, SichuanHolotype: shoulder and forelimb bones, a partial hip, and a complete skull

Paratype: several scattered vertebrae, most of the limbs, and several teeth[418]

Bones from three individuals were found at the type locality, but only two of them were named as the type series[418]
Mamenchisaurus sinocanadorumIVPP V10603[419]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyOxfordianUpper Shishugou Formation, XinjiangMostly complete skull with three neck vertebrae[419]May represent a distinct genus[416]
Mamenchisaurus youngiZDM 0083[420]Zigong Dinosaur MuseumBathonianUpper Member, Shaximiao Formation, SichuanMostly complete skeleton with a skull[420]
Mamenchisaurus yunnanensisV1481[421]Geological Museum of ChinaLate Jurassic, exact age uncertain[418]Anning Formation, YunnanA few fragmentary limb bones and some of the hips[418]May represent a distinct genus[414]
Mansourasaurus shahinaeMUVP 200[422]Mansoura UniversityLate CampanianQuseir Formation, EgyptSkull and jaw fragments, five vertebrae, shoulder bones, eight ribs, both humeri, a radius, several foot bones, and some osteoderms[422]Holotype is believed to be a juvenile individual[422]
Maraapunisaurus fragillimusAMNH 5777[423]Now lost, was last known to be at the American Museum of Natural HistoryTithonianBrushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, ColoradoOne partial dorsal vertebra (now lost)[423]Originally named as a species of Amphicoelias before being given its own genus[423]
Cope's illustration of the holotype vertebra
Marmarospondylus robustusNHMUK R.22428[146]Natural History Museum, LondonBathonianForest Marble Formation, EnglandA dorsal vertebra[146]May be a nomen dubium[144]
Massospondylus browniNHMUK PV R3302[424]Natural History Museum, LondonUncertain, exact locality unknown, sometime in the Early Jurassic[424]Upper Elliot Formation, South AfricaSeven vertebrae and fragments of the limb bones[424]Generally considered a nomen dubium
Massospondylus carinatusSyntypes: never catalogued

Neotype: BP/1/4934[425]

Evolutionary Studies InstituteHettangianUpper Elliot Formation, South AfricaSyntypes: Five damaged vertebrae

Neotype: a nearly complete skeleton with a skull[425]

Neotype, syntypes were destroyed in WWII, type species of Massospondylus and of the family "Massospondylidae"[425]
Massospondylus harriesiSAM 3394[37]Iziko South African MuseumPliensbachianUpper Elliot Formation, South AfricaMost of a forelimb and a few leg bones[37]Subjective junior synonym of M. carinatus[424]
Massospondylus hislopiM G.281/1-u[424]Geological Survey of IndiaCarnianLower Maleri Formation, IndiaA single vertebra[424]Generally considered a nomen dubium[424]
Massospondylus kaalaeSAM-PK-K1325[426]Iziko South African MuseumHettangianUpper Elliot Formation, South AfricaA disarticulated skull[426]
Massospondylus rawesiNHMUK PV R4190[424]Natural History Museum, LondonMaastrichtianTakli Formation, IndiaA tooth[424]May be a nomen dubium, possibly a theropod;[427] almost certainly not a species of Massospondylus due to its age[424]
Massospondylus schwartziSAM 5134[37]Iziko South African MuseumPliensbachianUpper Elliot Formation, South AfricaPartial hind limb and hip bone[37]Subjective junior synonym of M. carinatus[424]
Maxakalisaurus topaiMN 5013-V[428]National Museum of BrazilLate CampanianAdamantina Formation, Bauru Group, Minas GeraisMost of the cervical vertebrae, vertebral fragments from the back and tail, several ribs, a shoulder bone, and several fragments of the forelimbs[428]
A mount based on the holotype on display in Rio de Janeiro
Mbiresaurus raathiNHMZ 2222[429]Natural History Museum of ZimbabweCarnianPebbly Arkose Formation, ZimbabwePartially complete skeleton including a skull and bones from almost every part of the animal[429]
Melanorosaurus readiSyntypes: SAM 3449 and SAM 3450[37]Iziko South African MuseumNorianLower Elliot Formation, South AfricaPartial skeleton with bones from every area of the body, but lacking the skull[37]Type species of the family "Melanorosauridae"[177]
Mendozasaurus neguyelapIANIGLA-PV 065[430]Argentine Institute of Nivology, Glaciology and Environmental SciencesConiacianSierra Barrosa Formation, PatagoniaSeveral tail vertebrae[430]
Menucocelsior arriagadaiMPCN-PV-798[431]Patagonian Museum of Natural SciencesMaastrichtianAllen Formation, Argentina17 tail vertebrae, a humerus, a fibula, and several boot bones[431]
Meroktenos thabanensisMNHN.F.LES 16[432]National Museum of Natural History, ParisNorianLower Elliot Formation, LesothoA femur, parts of a hip, and several foot bones[432]Originally named as a species of Melanorosaurus before being given its own genus[432]
Femur from the holotype
Microcoelus patagonicusMLP-Ly 23[433]La Plata MuseumSantonianBajo de la Carpa Formation, PatagoniaA single vertebra[433]Considered a nomen dubium[433]
An illustration of the holotype vertebra
Mierasaurus bobyoungiUMNH.VP.26004[434]Natural History Museum of UtahLate Berriasian or Early Aptian[434]Lower Yellow Cat Member, Cedar Mountain Formation, UtahA mostly complete disarticulated skeleton including a partial skull and jaw[434]
Cranial bones of the holotype laid out individually and labeled
Mnyamawamtuka moyowamkiaRRBP 05834[435]Rukwa Rift Basin ProjectUncertain, Middle to Late Cretaceous ([[Aptian to Campanian?)[435]Mtuka Member, Galula Formation, TanzaniaPartially complete skeleton lacking the skull[435]
Moabosaurus utahensisBYU 14387[436]BYU Museum of PaleontologyAptianYellow Cat Member, Cedar Mountain Formation, UtahThree dorsal vertebrae[436]Thousands of bones from at least 18 individuals were found, but only three vertebrae were selected as the type specimen[436]
A composite skeletal mount made from the specimens recovered from the type locality
Mongolosaurus haplodonAMNH 6710[437]American Museum of Natural HistoryAptian or AlbianOn Gong Formation, Inner MongoliaA tooth[437]
An illustration of the type specimen
Morinosaurus typusUnknown, now lost[438]Lost, original location not known[438]Kimmeridgian[439]Unnamed formation near Boulogne-sur-Mer, France[439]A tooth[439]Sometimes considered a junior synonym of Pelorosaurus[438]
Morosaurus imparYPM 1905[170]Peabody Museum of Natural HistoryKimmeridgianMorrison Formation, WyomingA partial sacrum[170]Probable junior synonym of Camarasaurus grandis
Musankwa sanyatiensisNHMZ 2521[15]Natural History Museum of ZimbabweNorianPebbly Arkose Formation, Upper Karoo Group, ZimbabweMost of a right leg with several other indeterminate fragments[15]
A diagram of the holotype material
Mussaurus patagonicusPVL 4068[440]National University of TucumánSinemurianLaguna Colorada Formation, PatagoniaA fully articulated skeleton[440]Holotype is known to be a very young juvenile[440]
The holotype in its matrix
Muyelensaurus pecheniHolotype: MRS-PV 207

Paratypes: MRS-Pv 50–60, 65–68, 70, 72, 87–91, 121–122, 125, 127–128, 131–132, 134, 137, 139, 141–147, 152, 154, 157, 161–162, 164–168, 170–174, 181–182, 187, 189–193, 198–200, 202, 204, 209, 212, 214, 224, 229–232, 235–237, 242–243, 245–247, 251–252, 257–259, 266, 273–274, 279, 337, 352–353, 355–358, 369, 371, 375, 377–379, 387, 389, 391–392, 396–397, 399, 404, 408, 412, 420–422, 428-429[441]

Rincón de los Sauces MuseumConiacianPlottier Formation, PatagoniaHolotype: a braincase

Paratypes: mostly complete skeletons from four adults and one juvenile[441]

Nambalia roychowdhuriiHolotype: ISI R273/1-3

Paratypes: ISI R273/4-29[355]

Indian Statistical InstituteLate Norian to Early Rhaetian[355]Upper Maleri Formation, IndiaHolotype: a few leg bones and part of a hip

Paratypes: several vertebrae, a partial hip, and several hand and hip bones[355]

Holotype elements were found articulated, the paratypes were found in association and belong to at least two individuals[355]
Narambuenatitan palomoiMAU-Pv-N-425[442]Urquiza Argentine Municipal MuseumEarly CampanianAnacleto Formation, Neuquén Group, PatagoniaPartial skulls with numerous vertebrae and associated ribs, a partial shoulder, several long bones of the limbs, hip, and foot bones[442]
Narindasaurus theveniniMNHN MAJ 423-430[443]National Museum of Natural History, FranceBathonianIsalo III Formation, MadagascarThree partial vertebrae, several limb bones, a partial hip, and a tooth[443]
The pubis of the holotype on display in Madagascar
Nebulasaurus taitoLDRC-v.d.1[444]Lufeng Dinosaur Research CenterAalenian or BajocianZhanghe Formation, YunnanA braincase[444]
The holotype shown from multiple views
Nemegtosaurus mongoliensisZPAL MgD-I/9[445]Polish Academy of SciencesMaastrichtianNemegt Formation, MongoliaMostly complete skull[445]Type species of Nemegtosaurus and of the family "Nemegtosauridae"
A cast of the holotype skull on display in Warsaw
Nemegtosaurus pachiIVPP V.4879[445]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyCampanian or MaastrichtianSubashi Formation, XinjiangA tooth[445]Some authors consider it a nomen dubium
Neosodon sp.BHN2R 112[446]Museum of Natural History of Boulogne-sur-MerTithonianSables et Grès à Trigonia gibbosa, FranceA tooth[447]Was variously assigned to the genera Caulodon, Cardiodon, and Pelorosaurus before being reassigned to its own genus; holotype was never formally given a species epithet, some sources list it as N. praecursor[11] because the tooth was previously assigned the name Iguanodon praecursor; now considered a nomen dubium[447]
The holotype tooth on display alongside another tooth referred to Neosodon
Neuquensaurus australisMLP Ly 1-6-V-28-1[448]La Plata MuseumCampanianAnacleto FormationSix caudal vertebrae[448]Type species of Neuquensaurus, originally named as a species of Titanosaurus before being referred to Saltasaurus and later being given its own genus
A photo of all six caudals of the holotype
Neuquensaurus robustusLectotypes: MLP 26-250, 252, 254, and 259[449]La Plata MuseumCampanianAnacleto FormationThree metacarpals[448]Originally assigned as a species of Titanosaurus before being referred to Saltasaurus and then Neuquensaurus, may be a nomen dubium[450]
Ngwevu intlokoBP/1/4779[451]Environmental Studies Institute, University of the WitwatersrandPliensbachianClarens Formation, South AfricaPartial skull[451]
The holotype shown from multiple views
Nhandumirim waldsangaeLPRP/USP 0651[452]University of São PauloCarnianSanta Maria Formation, Rio Grande do Sul2 partial vertebrae, hip fragments, and a nearly complete hindlimb[452]Has previously been considered a theropod, or a basal saurischian,[452] but is now widely considered a sauropodomorph[453][454]
Diagram of the holotype material
Nigersaurus taquetiMNN GAD512[455]Musée National Boubou HamaAptianElrhaz Formation, NigerPartial skull, neck vertebrae, a shoulder bone, and limb elements[455]
A cast of the holotype skull in Ontario
Ninjatitan zapataiMMCh-Pv228[456]Ernesto Bachmann Paleontological MuseumLate BerriasianBajada Colorada Formation, PatagoniaSeveral scattered vertebrae, a scapula, and a partial femur and tibia[456]
Nopcsaspondylus alarconensisNot catalogued[457]Lost, was last known to be at the University of Vienna[458]CenomanianCandeleros Formation, PatagoniaA single vertebra[457]Known as "the Nopsca vertebra" before it was named, specimen is now lost[457]
Normanniasaurus genceyiMHNH-2013.2.1.1 through MHNH-2013.2.1.12[459]National Museum of Natural History, FranceAlbianPoudingue Ferrugineux, FranceVertebral fragments, parts of the hips, a shoulder bone, and a partial femur and fibula[459]
Notocolossus gonzalezparejasiUNCUYO-LD 301[460]National University of CuyoLate Coniacian or Early SantonianPlottier Formation, PatagoniaA humerus, two vertebrae, and a partial hip bone[460]
Digital reconstruction of the holotype
Nullotitan glaciarisMACN-PV 18644 and MPM 21542[461]Padre Molina Provincial Regional Museum and Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Argentine MuseumMaastrichtianChorrillo Formation, PatagoniaNumerous vertebrae and several disarticulated limb bones[461]Only one vertebra is stored at the Bernardino Rivadavia Museum, but both specimens are from the same individual[461]
Digital reconstruction of the holotype material
Nyasasaurus parringtoniNHMUK R6856[462]Natural History Museum, LondonAnisian,[462] but this has been disputed[463][464][465]Manda Formation, TanzaniaSeveral vertebrae, a partial shoulder, and a humerus[462]Oldest known dinosaur,[462] has been variously classified as a theropod,[462] a sauropodomorph,[466] an ornithischian,[462] or even a stem-dinosaur[453]
Digital reconstruction of the holotype with a hypothetical bauplan
Oceanotitan dantasiSHN 181[467]Society of Natural History of Torres VedrasKimmeridgianLourinhã Formation, Portugal[467]A partial shoulder, most of the hips, a complete hind limb, and nine caudal vertebrae[467]
Diagram of the holotype material with known elements in white
Ohmdenosaurus liasicusNo catalogue number given[11]Hauff Museum[11]ToarcianPosidonia Shale, Germany[468]Elements of the lower hind limb[468]Was originally misidentified as a plesiosaur before being re-examined[468]
The holotype with each bone labeled
Omeisaurus changshouensisIVPP V930[469]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyBathonianDaanzhai Member, Shaximiao Formation, Sichuan[469]Eleven vertebrae and other postcranial fragments[469]Some authors have referred this species to the genus Mamenchisaurus[470]
Omeisaurus fuxiensisCV 00267[469]Chongqing Natural History MuseumBathonianUpper Member, Shaximiao Formation, Sichuan[469]Partial skull[469]Considered by some to belong to the genus Mamenchisaurus[470]
Omeisaurus jiaoiZDM 5050[471]Zigong Dinosaur MuseumBajocianLower Member, Shaximiao Formation, Sichuan[471]Almost complete disarticulated skeleton lacking the head and neck[471]
Omeisaurus junghsiensisNever catalogued, now lost[469]Lost, was last reposited at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology[472]BathonianDaanzhai Member, Shaximiao Formation, Sichuan[469]Four cervical vertebrae (lost)[469]Type species of Omeisaurus,[472] the holotype was destroyed in WWII[469]
Omeisaurus luoquanensisIVPP V.21501[473]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyOxfordianLower Member, Shaximiao Formation, Sichuan[473]3 cervical, 11 dorsal, and most of the caudal vertebrae, several ribs, a partial shoulder, a humerus, a femur, and a partial hip[473]
Omeisaurus maoianusZNM N8510[474]Zhejiang Museum of Natural HistoryKimmeridgianUpper Member, Shaximiao Formation, Sichuan[474]Mostly complete skull, numerous vertebrae, most of the hips, and several long bones of the limbs[474]
Omeisaurus puxianiCLGRP V00005[475]Chongqing Laboratory of Geoheritage Protection and ResearchBathonianLower Member, Shiaximiao Formation, Sichuan[475]Most of the vertebrae, a few ribs, a complete fore limb, parts of both femora, a tibia, and hip elements[475]
Omeisaurus tianfuensisHolotype: ZDM T7501

Paratypes: ZDM T7502[473]

Zigong Dinosaur MuseumBajocianLower Member, Shaximiao Formation, Sichuan[473]Holotype: almost complete skeleton lacking the skull, the end of the tail, and the hind feet

Paratype: mostly complete skull with associated cervical vertebrae[473]

Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskiiMPC-D100/404[476]Mongolian Academy of SciencesMaastrichtianNemegt Formation, Mongolia[476]Most of the postcranial skeleton except for the neck[476]
The holotype mounted at an exhibition in Japan
Oplosaurus armatusBMNH R964[477]Natural History Museum, LondonBarremianWessex Formation, England[477]One tooth[477]Was originally described as a carnivorous dinosaur or possibly as Hylaeosaurus, but it is now understood to be a sauropod[477]
An illustration of the holotype tooth shown from multiple views
Ornithopsis hulkeiLectotype: BMNH R28632[478]Natural History Museum, LondonBarremianWealden Group, England[478]One vertebra,[478] other elements have since been referred to other species[479]Generally considered a nomen dubium;[447] the same material was used to describe the species Bothriospondylus magnus and Chondrosteosaurus magnus making them objective junior synonyms;[480]
The lectotype vertebra
Overosaurus paradasorumMAU-Pv-CO-439[481]Urquiza Argentine Municipal MuseumSantonianBajo de la Carpa Formation, Patagonia[482]Numerous vertebrae, ribs, and a partial hip[481]
Pachysaurus ajaxGPIT-PV-30790, -60185, -60196, -60198 to -60201, -60203, -111862[303]Institute of Geosciences, University of TübingenUncertain, possibly Rhaetian[303]Uncertain, possibly the Trossingen Formation, Germany[303]Both forelimbs, both shoulders, and several neck and back vertebrae[303]Type species of Pachysaurus, the genera "Pachysauriscus" and "Pachysaurops" are objective junior synonyms, has been considered invalid in the past[303]
Pachysaurus giganteusGPIT-PV-60234 to GPIT- PV-60236[303]Institute of Geosciences, University of TübingenRhaetianTrossingen Formation, GermanyThree metatarsals[303]May be a nomen dubium[303]
Pachysaurus magnusGPIT-PV-60298, -60166, -60167, -60169, -60173, -60174, -60176, -60182, -60294, -60295, -60310, -111909[303]Institute of Geosciences, University of TübingenRhaetianTrossingen Formation, GermanyFragments of vertebrae, ribs, and shoulder bones with partial arm bones and a fibula[303]
Pachysaurus wetzeliGPIT-PV-30788[303]Institute of Geosciences, University of TübingenRhaetianTrossingen Formation, GermanySeveral vertebrae, most of the hips, and most of the left leg[303]
Pachysuchus imperfectusIVPP V 40[483]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyHettangian or SinemurianLower Lufeng Formation, YunnanPartial skull[483]Originally misidentified as a genus of phytosaur,[484] but was later re-identified as a sauropodomorph, generally considered a nomen dubium[483]
Padillasaurus leivaensisJACVM 0001[485]National University of ColombiaBarremianPaja Formation, Colombia[485]Ten articulated vertebrae[485]
The holotype specimen in a display case
Paludititan nalatzensisUBB NVM1[408]Babeș-Bolyai UniversityEarly MaastrichtianSânpetru Formation[408]Over 20 vertebrae, a mostly complete pelvis, a partial femur, and two claws[408]
One of the vertebra from the holotype
Paluxysaurus jonesiFWMSH 93B-10-18[486]Fort Worth Museum of Science and HistoryLate AptianTwin Mountains Formation, Trinity Group, Texas[486]Partial skull with associated teeth[486]Generally considered a junior synonym of Sauroposeidon proteles;[487] was the original state dinosaur for the US state of Texas before being synonymized with Sauroposeidon[488]
Diagram of all known skeletal material of Paluxysaurus, including the holotype
Pampadromaeus barberenaiULBRA-PVT016[489]Lutheran University of BrazilNorianAlemoa Member, Santa Maria Formation, Rio Grande do SulA mostly complete skeleton lacking one of the arms and a few vertebrae[489]Classification as a sauropodomorph is weakly supported[489]
Panamericansaurus schroederiMUCPv-417[490]National University of ComahueLate CampanianAllen Formation, Patagonia[490]Six vertebrae with associated chevrons, a humerus, and rib fragments[490]
Panphagia protosPVSJ 874[491]Institute and Museum of Natural Sciences, San JuanNorianIschigualasto Formation, Argentine NorthwestPartial skull with numerous vertebrae, hip and shoulder elements, and most of the hind limbs[491]
A replica of the holotype as it was seen in situ
Pantydraco caducusBMNH P 24[492]Natural History Museum, LondonRhaetianPant-y-Ffynnon Quarry, WalesA skull with a partial jawbone, neck vertebrae, hip bones, and partial fore limbs[493]Originally named as a new species of Thecodontosaurus[493] before being given its own genus[492]
Paralititan stromeriCGM 81119[494]Egyptian Geological MuseumCenomanianBahariya Formation, Egypt[494]Several vertebrae, parts of both shoulders, both humeri, and a foot bone[494]
Both humeri of the holotype on display in Egypt
Patagosaurus fariasiPVL 4170[495]National University of TucumánToarcianCañadón Asfalto Formation, Patagonia[495]An almost complete skeleton lacking the skull[495]
A museum mount based on the holotype with a hypothetical skull
Patagotitan mayorumMPEF-PV 3400[496]Museum of Paleontology Egidio FeruglioAlbianCerro Castaño Member, Cerro Barcino Formation, Patagonia[496]15 vertebrae from various areas, several ribs, parts of the shoulders, both pubic bones, and both femora[496]
Part of the holotype mid-preparation
Pellegrinisaurus powelliMPCA 1500[497]Carlos Ameghino Provincial MuseumCampanianLower Member, Allen Formation, Patagonia[497]Four dorsal and most of the caudal vertebrae with most of a femur[497]
Diagram of the holotype material
Pelorosaurus conybeariBMNH 28626[498]Natural History Museum, LondonValanginianTunbridge Wells Sand Formation, Wealden Group, England[498]A humerus; other material was referred to this specimen, but this was probably from another individual[498]Originally referred to Cetiosaurus before being given its own genus, part of the original type material is an objective junior synonym of Cetiosaurus brevis[498]
The holotype humerus shown from multiple views
Perijasaurus lapazUCMP 37689[499]University of California Museum of PaleontologyToarcianLa Quinta Formation, Colombia[499]A partial vertebra[499]
Petrobrasaurus puestohernandeziMAU-Pv-PH-449[500]Urquiza Argentine Municipal MuseumConiacianPlottier Formation, Patagonia[500]Several vertebrae, two teeth, most of the hind limbs, partial ribs, a humerus, carpals, and a partial shoulder[500]
Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornaeSM PW 1[501]Phu Wiang Dinosaur MuseumBarremianSao Khua Formation, Khorat Group, Thailand[501]6 vertebrae, ribs, most of the shoulders, one fore limb, a complete hip, both femora, and a fibula[501]
One of the femora from the holotype
Pilmatueia faundeziHolotype: MLL Pv-005

Paratype: MLL-Pv-002[502]

Las Lajas Municipal MuseumValanginianMulichinco Formation, Patagonia[502]Holotype: a dorsal vertebra

Paratype: a cervical vertebra[502]

Diagram of the type material and other referred specimens with a silhouette based on the related taxon Amargasaurus
Pitekunsaurus macayaiMAU-Pv-AG-446[503]Urquiza Argentine Municipal MuseumEarly CampanianAnacleto Formation, Patagonia[503]A braincase, a tooth, a frontal bone, 11 vertebrae, fore limb elements, a partial femur, rib fragments, and some uncertain fragments[503]
Plateosauravus cullingworthiSAM 3341, 3345, 3347, 3350–51, 3603, 3607South African MuseumNorianLower Member, Elliot Formation, South AfricaFragmentary vertebrae, limb bones, and hip elements[37]Originally assigned to Plateosaurus[37] before being given its own genus,[504] but has since been argued to be a junior synonym of Euskelosaurus[493]
An illustration of the humerus associated with the holotype
Plateosaurus engelhardtiLectotype: UEN 552

Paralectotypes: 550, 554, 556, 558–559, 561-562
Unofficial holotype: SMNS 13200[505]

State Museum of Natural History StuttgartLate NorianTrossingen Formation, Germany (unofficial holotype is from the Löwenstein Formation)[506]Lectotype: a sacrum

Paralectotypes: fragments of the vertebrae, ribs, hips, and leg bones
Unofficial holotype: a nearly complete skeleton[506]

Original type species of Plateosaurus, much of the holotype has been lost;[244] generally considered undiagnostic,[507] but this is not universally accepted[244]
Plateosaurus erlenbergiensisSMNS 6014[506]State Museum of Natural History StuttgartRhaetianTrossingen Formation, GermanyA partial skull with several vertebrae, most of the shoulders, one forelimb, hip elements, and most of the hind limbs[508]Subjective junior synonym of P. trossingensis[303]
Plateosaurus gracilisSMNS 5715[244]State Museum of Natural History StuttgartNorianLower Löwenstein Formation, GermanyFive vertebrae, most of the hips, and a fibula[244]Originally named Sellosaurus gracilis before being referred to Plateosaurus[244]
Plateosaurus longicepsMB.R.1937 (or HMN XXIV)[509]Natural History Museum, BerlinNorianTrossingen Formation, GermanyA complete skull, 18 vertebrae, most of the hip bones, several leg bones, and a scapula[509]Subjective junior synonym of P. erlenbergensis[244]
Plateosaurus quenstedtiAMNH 6810[506]American Museum of Natural HistoryNorianTrossingen Formation, GermanyA skull with an almost complete skeleton only lacking a few foot bones[508]Type specimen is undiagnostic,[508] subjective junior synonym of P. trossingensis[303] or P. longiceps[506]
Plateosaurus trossingensisSMNS 13200[506]State Museum of Natural History StuttgartNorianTrossingen Formation, GermanyAlmost complete skeleton with a skull[510]Newly designated type species of Plateosaurus as well as of the family "Plateosauridae" and the clade "Plateosauria";[507] P. integer and P. fraasianus are objective junior synonyms[506]
Pleurocoelus altusUSNM 4971[106]Smithsonian InstitutionAlbianArundel Formation, MarylandA tibia and fibula[106]Generally considered a nomen dubium due to the type material being undiagnostic; may be a junior synonym of Astrodon and is sometimes referred to as a species of that genus[106]
Pleurocoelus nanusSyntypes: USNM 4968, 4969, 4970, 5678[106]Smithsonian InstitutionAlbianArundel Formation, MarylandFour disarticulated vertebrae[106]Generally considered a nomen dubium due to the type material being undiagnostic; the specimen may also be a chimera[106]
An illustration of the type series by O.C. Marsh
Pradhania gracilisISI R265[511]Indian Statistical InstituteSinemurianUpper Dharmaram Formation, IndiaA partial maxilla and other bone fragments[511]
Protognathosaurus oxyodonCV 00732 (a.k.a. ChM V732)[512]Chongqing Museum of Natural HistoryBajocianShunosaurus-Omeisaurus Assemblage, Lower Shaximiao Formation, Sichuan[512]Partial dentary with associated teeth[512]Originally named Protognathus, but that genus was preoccupied[513]
Puertasaurus reuiliMPM 10002[514]Regional Provincial Museum of Father Jesus MolinaCampanianCerro Fortaleza Formation, Patagonia[514]Four vertebrae from various parts of the spine[514]
Diagram of the holotype elements
Pukyongosaurus milleniumiPKNU-G.102–109[515]Pukyong National UniversityAptian[516]Hasandong Formation, South Korea[515]Five partial vertebrae, one rib, a shoulder fragment, and two chevrons[515] (three additional vertebrae were reported but not described)[517]Considered a nomen dubium by most subsequent authors, some of the type material in the original description was not able to be located when later researchers reviewed the material[517]
Pulanesaura eocollumBP/1/6982[518]Evolutionary Studies InstituteSinemurianUpper Elliot Formation, South Africa[518]9 disarticulated vertebrae, a rib, a partial hip, a mostly complete fore limb, a tibia, a skull fragment, and a foot claw[518]
Skeletal diagram of the holotype with a photo of each bone
Punatitan coughliniCRILAR-Pv 614[519]Regional Center for Scientific Research and Technology Transfer of La RiojaCampanianCiénaga del Río Huaco Formation, Argentine Northwest[519]Numerous vertebrae and ribs with a partial hip[519]
A skeletal diagram of the known elements in red
Qianlong shouhuGZPM VN001[520]ToarcianZiliujing Formation, Ziliujing Formation, SichuanA partial skull, an articulated series of vertebrae, a femur, a fibula, and a complete fore limb[520]
Qiaowanlong kangxiiFRDC GJ 07-14[521]Fossil Research and Development Center, LanzhouAptianUpper Member, Xiaguo Formation, Xinminpu Group, Gansu[521]Eight cervical vertebrae[521]
Qijianglong goukrQJGPM 1001[522]Qijiang Petrified Wood and Dinosaur Footprint National Geological Park MuseumUncertain, Late Jurassic[522] or Early Cretaceous[523]Suining Formation, Sichuan[522]A partial skull and jaw, all of the cervical vertebrae with several dorsals, ribs, several tail vertebrae, a partial hip, and a few foot bones[522]The holotype and only specimen is likely a juvenile[522]
Qingxiusaurus youjiangensisNHMG 8499[524]Natural History Museum of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionUncertain, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Maastrichtian?)[525]Unnamed formation, Guangxi[525]Two humeri, sternal plates, and a vertebral fragment[524]
Qinlingosaurus luonanensisNWUV 1112[526]Northwest UniversityMaastrichtianUncertain, either from the Hongtuling Formation or the Shanyang Formation, Shaanxi[526]Two hip bones and three vertebrae[526]
Quaesitosaurus orientalisPIN 3906/2[527]Russian Academy of SciencesCampanianBarun Goyot Formation, Mongolia[527]A mostly complete skull[527]
The holotype skull with unknown elements in dark brown
Quetecsaurus rusconiiUNCUYO-LD-300[528]National University of CuyoTuronianLisandro Formation, PatagoniaSkull fragment, teeth, several vertebrae, ribs, and a forelimb[528]
A diagram of the holotype material with unknown fragments in purple
Rapetosaurus kraeuseiUA 8698[529]University of AntananarivoMaastrichtianMaevarano Formation, Madagascar[529]A partial skull[529]
A cast of the holotype skull on display in Ontario
Rayososaurus agrioensisHolotype: MACN-N 41

Paratype: UFMA 1.10.168, 1.10.188, 1.10.806, 1.10.015, 1.10.283[530]

Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Argentine MuseumAptian to AlbianRayoso Formation, PatagoniaHolotype: a scapula, femur, and part of a fibula

Paratype: five broken vertebrae[530]

Authors noted that it might belong to the genus Rebbachisaurus as a new species[530]
A diagram of the holotype (right) and paratype (left) material
Rebbachisaurus garasbaeMNHN-MRS 1476–7, 1491, 1728, 1957–8, 1979–83, 1984–5, 1987–8, 1990-2002[531]National Museum of Natural History, FranceCenomanianAoufous Formation, Kem Kem Group, Morocco[531]Several dorsal vertebrae, partial shoulder, hip, and humerus, with several ribs and caudal fragments[531]Type species of Rebbachisaurus and of the family "Rebbachisauridae" and the subfamily "Rebbachisaurinae";[531] holotype is represented by numerous specimens, all of which likely belonged to a single animal[531]
A dorsal vertebrae (left) and shoulder (right) elements
Rebbachisaurus tamesnensisNot catalogued[532]National Museum of Natural History, France[532]Late AlbianEchkar Formation, Niger[533]4 teeth, 100 vertebrae, 12 ribs, 5 scapulae, 1 illium, 2 ischia, and over 100 limb elements[532]Type specimens were never given a formal description and are known to be from numerous individuals at different localities,[532] considered a junior synonym of R. garasbae by some[534]
Rhoetosaurus browneiQM F1695[535]Queensland MuseumUncertain (Oxfordian to Tithonian)[536]Walloon Coal Measures, Queensland40 vertebrae, several partial ribs, most of the hips, and much of the right hind limb[535]More bones were found with the holotype, but these have yet to be prepared and described[535]
Rhomaleopakhus turpanensisIVPP-V11121-1[337]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyKimmeridgianKalaza Formation, XinjiangPartial fore limb[337]
A diagram of the holotype material
Rinconsaurus caudamirusHolotype: MRS-Pv 26 and 13

Paratypes: MRS-Pv 2–9, 11, 16–20, 21–25, 27–31, 42–43, 46–47, 49, 92–94, 96–104, 109, 111–113, 117, 263[537]

Rincón de los Sauces MuseumTuronian or ConiacianRío Neuquén Formation, Patagonia[537]Holotype: 13 articulated vertebrae and a partial hip

Paratypes: a mostly complete tail, shoulder and hip elements, a femur, a humerus, cervical vertebrae, and skull fragments[537]

Holotype and paratypes comprise at least three individuals[537]
Riojasaurus incertusPVL 3808[538]National University of TucumánNorianLos Colorados Formation, Argentine NorthwestNumerous sacral and caudal vertebrae, shoulder and hip bones, and some elements of the hands[538]
Rocasaurus munioziMPCA-Pv 46[539]Carlos Ameghino Provincial MuseumLate CampanianAllen Formation, Patagonia[539]Mostly complete hip, several partial vertebrae, and a femur[539]
The holotype material with elements labeled
Ruehleia bedheimensisHMN MB RvL 1[540]Natural History Museum, BerlinNorianKnollenmergel Member, Trossingen Formation, GermanyMost of the vertebrae, a partial shoulder, hips, and most of the limb bones with a partial hand[540]
Elements of the holotype on display in Germany
Rugocaudia cooneyiMOR 334[541]Museum of the RockiesAptian or AlbianCloverly Formation, Montana18 caudal vertebrae, a tooth, an ankle bone, and other postcranial fragments[541]Considered a nomen dubium by some authors[487]
Ruixinia zhangiELDM EL-J009[542]Erlianhaote Dinosaur MuseumBarremianYixian Formation, Liaoning[542]Numerous vertebrae, a partial hip, a femur, a tibia, and other limb elements[542]
Rukwatitan bisepultusRRBP 07409[543]Tanzanian Antiquities UnitCenomanianGalula Formation, Tanzania[543]Vertebrae from all sections, several ribs, partial shoulders, a partial hip, a humerus, and a partial ulna[543]
The humerus associated with the holotype on display
Ruyangosaurus giganteus41HIII-0002[544]Henan Geological MuseumAptianHaoling Formation, Henan[544]Most of the torso lacking the shoulders, a single cervical vertebra, and most of a hind limb[544]
A reconstruction of the animal based on the holotype
Saltasaurus loricatusPVL 4017-92[545]National University of TucumánEarly MaastrichtianLecho Formation, Argentine Northwest[545]Mostly complete hip[545]Multiple other specimens are categorized under PVL 4017, but these are probably not from the same individual as the holtoype; type species of the superfamily "Saltasauroidea", the family "Saltasauridae", the subfamily "Saltasaurinae", and the tribe "Saltasaurini"
Sanpasaurus yaoiIVPP V.156[546]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyToarcianZiliujing Formation, Sichuan[546]20 vertebrae, scapulae, fore limbs, and some hind limb bones[546]
A selection of vertebrae from the holotype
Sarahsaurus aurifontanalisTMM 43646-2[547]Texas Memorial MuseumPliensbachianKayenta Formation, ArizonaNumerous articulated vertebrae, most of the hips, partial shoulders, both hands, and several limb bones[547]
Sarmientosaurus musacchoioiMDT-PV 2[548]Desiderio Torres Museum of Vertebrate PaleontologyCenomanianBajo Barreal Formation, PatagoniaAlmost complete skull with articulated vertebrae[548]
The holotype skull shown from multiple views
Saturnalia tupiniquimHolotype: MCP 3844-PV

Paratypes: MCP 3845-PV and MCP 3846-PV[549]

Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do SulLate CarnianAlemoa Member, Santa Maria Formation, Rio Grande do SulHolotype: mostly complete vertebral and articulated column, most of the hips, a femur, a full hind limb, a fore limb and shoulder, and several ribs

Paratypes: a jaw with associated teeth, a humerus, a partial hip and hind limb, a partial leg bone, and several scattered vertebrae[549]

Type species for the family "Saturnaliidae"[42]
Sauroposeidon protelesOMNH 53062[550]Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural HistoryAptianMiddle Member, Antlers Formation, Oklahoma[550]Several contiguous cervical vertebrae[550]Official dinosaur of the state of Texas[488]
Diagram of all known skeletal material with the holotype elements in white
Savannasaurus elliottorumAODF 660[551]Australian Age of DinosaursCenomanianWinton Formation, Queensland[551]A series of vertebrae with fore limb elements and a partial hip[551]
Skeletal diagram of the holotype with a photo of each bone
Schleitheimia schutziPIMUZ A/III 550[552]University of ZurichLate NorianGrunhalde Member, Klettgau Formation, SwitzerlandA partial ilium[552]Other bones were found in association, and may belong to the same individual, but these were not included in the holotype or named as paratypes[552]
Sefapanosaurus zastronensisBP/1/386[553]Evolutionary Studies InstituteHettangianElliot Formation, South AfricaAn incomplete, but fully articulated, foot[553]
Seitaad ruessiUMNH VP 18040[554]Natural History Museum of UtahPliensbachianNavajo Sandstone, UtahMostly complete dorsal vertebrae, ribs, and fore arms with a partial hip, a tibia, and a complete foot[554]
Digital reconstruction of the holotype material
Sellosaurus hermannianusSMNS 4388[303]State Museum of Natural History StuttgartRhaetianLöwenstein Formation, GermanyA maxilla[303]Originally described under the genus Belodon and then referred to Thecodontosaurus, subjective junior synonym of Plateosaurus gracilis[303]
Shingopana songwensisRRBP 02100[555]Tanzanian Antiquities UnitCenomanianNamba Member, Galula Formation, Tanzania[555]Partial jaw, four cervical vertebrae, and rib fragments[555]
Shunosaurus jianyiensisCLGPR V00007[556]Chongqing Laboratory of Geoheritage Protection and ResearchBathonian to CallovianLower Shaximiao Formation, Sichuan[556]Numerous vertebrae, mostly complete shoulder girdles, the right fore limb lacking the hand, and a partial hip with the right hind limb[556]
Shunosaurus liiIVPP V.9065[557]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyBajocianLower Shaximiao Formation, SichuanNumerous vertebrae, left radius, ulna and a single carpal, a partially degraded hip, left femur, tibia, fibula, astragalus and complete metatarsals[557]Type species of Shunosaurus[557]
Sibirotitan astrosacralisPM TGU 120/10-Sh1-22[558]Tomsk State UniversityBarremianIlek Formation, Kemerovo[558]A dorsal vertebra[558]
Sidersaura maraeHolotype: MMCh-PV 70

Paratypes: MMCh-PV 236, 307, 309[559]

Ernesto Bachmann Paleontological MuseumUpper Cenomanian or Lower TuronianHuincul Formation, PatagoniaHolotype: Braincase, several vertebrae, a partial hip and shoulder, both tibiae and fibulae, and several foot bones

Paratypes: Rib and vertebral fragments, pieces of hips, a tibia, and a fibula[559]

Silutitan sinensisIVPP V27874[317]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyAptianShengjinkou Formation, Xinjiang[317]Six articulated cervical vertebrae[317]
Diagram of the holotype material
Smitanosaurus agilisUSNM 5384[560]Smithsonian InstitutionKimmeridgianBrushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, ColoradoPartial skull and first three cervical vertebrae[560]Originally referred to the dubious genus Morosaurus before being given its own genus[560]
The holotype shown fully articulated
Sonidosaurus saihangaobiensisLH V 0010[561]Long Hao Institute of Geology and PaleontologyUncertain, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Maastrichtian?) [562][563][564][565][566]Iren Dabasu Formation, Inner Mongolia[561]Several vertebrae and chevrons with most of the pelvis[561]
Sonorasaurus thompsoniASDM 500[567]Arizona-Sonora Desert MuseumLate AlbianTurney Ranch Formation, Arizona[567]Fore limb elements, several ribs, vertebral fragments, a partial hip, a complete hind limb, and a fibula[567]Official dinosaur of the state of Arizona[568]
Soriatitan golmayensisMNS 2001/122[569]Museo Numantino de SoriaHauterivian[570]Golmayo Formation, Spain[570]A tooth, scattered vertebrae with associated ribs, a partial hip, a humerus, an ulna, a radius, and a partial femur[569]
Spinophorosaurus nigeriensisHolotype: GCP-CV-4229

Paratype: NMB-1699-R[571]

Holotype: Paleontological Museum of Elche

Paratype: State Natural History Museum of Braunschweig[571]

BajocianIrhazer II Formation, Niger[571]Holotype: partial skull with a mostly complete postcranial skeleton lacking a few foot bones

Paratype: partial skull, most of the ribs, the humerus, and a toe[571]

A cast of the holotype on display with missing elements filled in
Strenusaurus procerusPVL 3663[572]National University of TucumánNorianLos Colorados Formation, Argentine NorthwestSeveral vertebrae and limb bones[572]Subjective junior synonym of Riojasaurus[573]
Supersaurus vivianaeBYU 9025[574]Brigham Young UniversityTithonianBrushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, Colorado[574]A partial shoulder[574]
holotype shoulder on display
Suuwassea emilieaeANS 21122[575]Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel UniversityTithonian(?)[575]Brushy Basin Member(?), Morrison Formation, Montana[575]A partial skull, most of the anterior of the skeleton, scattered vertebrae and ribs, and a lower hind limb[575]Exact type locality is unknown because the authors did not want to publish it in an effort to preserve the locality from discovery and exploitation by private fossil collectors[575]
Diagram of the holotype material
Tambatitanis amicitaeMNHAH D-1029280[576]Museum of Nature and Human Activities, HyōgoEarly AlbianOhyamashimo Formation, Sasayama Group, Japan[576]Numerous vertebrae and ribs with a partial hip and a skull including the brain case and dentary[576]
The holotype caudal vertebrae arranged in order
Tangvayosaurus hoffetiTV4-1 to TV4-36[577]Dinosaur Museum, SavannakhetAptianGrès supérieurs Formation, Laos[577]Partial hip, several vertebrae, ribs, and a humerus[577]
The holotype on display in Laos
Tapuiasaurus macedoiMZSP-PV 807[578]Museum of Zoology of the University of São PauloAptianQuiricó Formation, Minas Gerais[578]Mostly complete skull with dentary, several vertebrae, a partial shoulder, most of a fore limb, both femora, and other hind limb elements[578]
The holotype skull with each element labeled
Tastavinsaurus sanziMPZ 99/9[579]Paleontological Museum of ZaragozaEarly AptianXert Formation, Spain[579]Numerous vertebrae and chevrons with a complete pelvis, both femora, and the rest of a complete hind limb[579]
Tatouinea hannibalisONM DT 1–36[580]National Office of MinesAlbianOum ed Diab Member, Aïn el Guettar Formation, Tunisia[580]Articulated caudal vertebrae with a partial hip[580]
A reconstruction of the holotype based on a close relative with known elements in pink
Tazoudasaurus naimiTo 2000–1[581]Tazouda Dinosaur MuseumToarcianAzilal Formation, Morocco[581]Fragmented skull, eight cervical vertebrae, and several limb bones[581]
The holotype vertebrae labeled individually
Tehuelchesaurus beniteziiMPEF-PV 1125[582]Museum of Paleontology Egidio FeruglioOxfordianCañadón Calcáreo Formation, Patagonia[582]Most of the dorsal vertebrae, a mostly complete pelvis, partial shoulder, most of a fore limb, and a femur[582]
Tendaguria tanzaniensisSyntypes: MB.R.2092.1 (NB4) and MB.R.2092.2 (NB5)[583]Natural History Museum, BerlinTithonianUpper Dinosaur Member, Tendaguru Formation, TanzaniaTwo dorsal vertebrae[583]Syntypes are probably, but not definitely, from the same individual[583]
Tengrisaurus starkoviZIN PH 7/13[584]Russian Academy of SciencesValanginian[584]Murtoi Formation, Buryatia[584]Several vertebrae[584]
Tharosaurus indicusRWR-241(A–K)[585]Indian Institute of TechnologyEarly BathonianFort Member, Jaisalmer Formation, Rajasthan[585]Eleven cervical vertebrae[585]
Thecodontosaurus antiquusHolotype: BCM 1[586]

Neotype: BCM 2[587]

Holotype destroyed, neotype is at the Bristol Museum & Art Gallery[587]Uncertain, possibly Rhaetian[45]Magnesian Conglomerate, EnglandHolotype: lower jaw

Neotype: lower jaw[587]

Type species of the family "Thecodontosauridae",[586] holotype (also a lower jaw) was destroyed in WWII[587]
Tiamat valdeciiURFJ-DG 368-R, 527-R, 574-R, 591-R, 606-R, 625-R, 636-R, 638-R, 704-R[588]National Museum of BrazilAlbian or Cenomanian[588]Açu Formation, Ceará stateNine caudal vertebrae[588]
Diagram of the holotype material
Tienshanosaurus chitaiensisIVPP AS 40002-3[589]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyOxfordianShishugou Formation, XinjiangNumerous vertebrae, partial hip and shoulder, and fragments of the femur, radius, and tibia[589]
The holotype scapula on display in China
Titanomachya gimeneziMPEF Pv 11547[590]Museum of Paleontology Egidio FeruglioMaastrichtianLa Colonia Formation, PatagoniaMost of the hindlimbs, a humerus, hip fragments, and partial ribs and vertebrae[590]
Titanosaurus blanfordiGSI 2195[591]Geological Society of IndiaMaastrichtianLameta Formation, Madhya PradeshA caudal vertebraGenerally considered a nomen dubium[346]
Illustration of the holotype elements
Titanosaurus indicusPlastotype: NHMUK 40867[592]Natural History Museum, LondonMaastrichtianLameta Formation, Madhya PradeshOne caudal vertebra[592]Type species of Titanosaurus and of the clades "Titanosauria", "Eutitanosauria", and "Titanosauriformes"; syntypes were never catalogued and are presumed lost,[592] one of the syntypes was recovered and given a new genus name, Jainosaurus,[593] generally considered a nomen dubium and a wastebasket taxon[346]
An illustration of the plastotype from multiple views
Tonganosaurus heiMCDUT 14454[594]Chengdu University of Technology MuseumPliensbachian[595]Yimen Formation, Sichuan[596]Twenty vertebrae, a front limb and pectoral girdle, and a complete hind limb with partial hip[594]
Tornieria africanaSyntypes: SMNS 12141a, 12145a, 12143, 12140, 12142[597]Stuttgart State Museum of Natural HistoryTithonianUpper Dinosaur Member, Tendaguru Formation, TanzaniaPartial vertebra, rib fragment, partial hip, fibula, and a femur[597]Originally named Gigantosaurus,[598] but the genus was preoccupied, subsequently referred to Ornithopsis and Barosaurus before being given its own genus[597]
An illustration of one of the type caudal vertebrae
Traukutitan eocaudataMUCPv 204[599]National University of ComahueSantonianBajo de la Carpa Formation, Patagonia[599]Thirteen vertebrae and both femora[599]
Trigonosaurus priceiMCT 1488-R[168]Museum of Earth Sciences Paleontology CollectionMaastrichtianSerra da Galga Formation, Minas GeraisThree vertebrae[168]Originally specimen MCT 1719-R was considered the paratype,[168] but it has since been given its own genus, Caieiria,[167] may be a junior synonym of Baurutitan[167]
Holotype elements shown individually
Triunfosaurus leonardiiUFRJ-DG 498[600]Federal University of Rio de JaneiroBerriasianRio Piranhas Formation, Paraíba[600]Three vertebrae, a partial hip, and several chevrons[600]
Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorumGPIT-PV-30787[508]University of TübingenNorianTrossingen Formation, GermanyMostly complete hip and hind limb with several caudal vertebrae[508]Originally assigned to Gresslyosaurus and then to Plateosaurus before being given its own genus[508]
Digital reconstruction of the holotype material
Turiasaurus riodevensisHolotype: CPT-1195 to 1210

Paratype: CPT-1211 to CPT-1261[601]

Holotype: Aragonese Museum of Paleontology

Paratype: Museo de la Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis

Late KimmeridgianVillar del Arzobispo Formation, SpainHolotype: articulated fore limb

Paratype: skull fragments with teeth, several vertebrae, a partial hip and shoulder, and several hind limb elements[601]

Uberabatitan ribeiroiCPPLIP-912, 1082, 1107[602]Federal University of Triângulo MineiroMaastrichtian[603]Serra da Galga Formation, Bauru Group, Minas GeraisTibia, fibula, and astragalus[602]All three specimens are from the same individual, so they are collectively a single holotype; previously more material was referred to the holotype, but it has since been excluded[604]
Udelartitan celesteFC-DPV 3595[605]University of the RepublicCampanian or Maastrichtian[605]Guichón Formation, UruguayThree caudal vertebrae[605]More material was found at the same site, but it was disarticulated and the holotype was limited to the articulated elements[605]
Uintasaurus douglassiCM 11069[606]Carnegie Museum of Natural HistoryTithonianBrushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, Utah[607]Five cervical vertebrae[606]Junior synonym of Camarasaurus lentus[170]
Ultrasauros mcintoshiBYU 9044[574]Brigham Young UniversityLate KimmeridgianBrushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, Colorado[608]One dorsal vertebra[574]Originally named Ultrasaurus[574] before it was discovered that the name was preoccupied,[609] now considered a junior synonym of Supersaurus[610]
The holotype vertebra (left) next to a human for scale
Ultrasaurus tabriensisDGBU-1973[611]Pusan National UniversityLate Albian or Early Aptian[612]Gugyedong Formation, KoreaPartial humerus[611]Generally considered a nomen dubium[611]
Unaysaurus tolentinoiUFSM 11069[613]Federal University of Santa MariaNorian[614] (possibly younger)[615]Caturrita Formation, Rio Grande do SulA partial skull, most of the dorsal vertebrae, most of the tail, most of the dorsal ribs and gastralia, nearly complete fore limbs, and several bones of the lower hind limbs[613]
A skeletal diagram of Unaysaurus, with known material in white
Vahiny deperetiUA 9940[616]University of AntananarivoMaastrichtianMaevarano Formation, MadagascarPartial skull[616]
Venenosaurus dicroceiDMNS 40932[617]Denver Museum of Nature and ScienceAptianPoison Strip Sandstone Member, Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah[617]Numerous vertebrae, partial hips and shoulder, rib fragments, and limb elements[617]
Volgatitan simbirskiensisUPM 976/1−7[618]Udory Paleontological MuseumHauterivian[619]Unnamed formation, UlyanovskDisarticulated caudal vertebrae[618]
Diagram of the holotype material
Volkheimeria chubutensisPVL 4077[69]National University of TucumánToarcianCañadón Asfalto Formation, PatagoniaDisarticulated vertebrae, partial hip, femur, and tibia[69]
Vouivria damparisensisMNHN.F.1934.6 DAM 1-42[620]National Museum of Natural History, FranceOxfordian[620]Calcaires de Clerval Formation, France[620]Partial skeleton without a skull[620]
The holotype humerus shown from multiple views
Vulcanodon karibaensisQG24[621]Natural History Museum of ZimbabweSinemurian[622]Forest Sandstone Formation, Zimbabwe[621]Mostly complete pelvis and tail with limb elements and a partial shoulder[621]Type species of the family "Vulcanodontidae"
Diagram of the holotype material
Wamweracaudia karanjeiMB.R.2091.1–30, MB.R.3817.1 & MB.R.3817.2[356]Natural History Museum, Berlin[356]TithonianTendaguru Formation, TanzaniaNumerous vertebrae from various parts of the spine[356]
Wintonotitan wattsiQMF 729[623]Queensland MuseumLate AlbianWinton Formation, QueenslandMostly complete forelimbs, dorsal and caudal vertebrae, partial hip, and several ribs[623]
Diagram of the holotype with photos of the fossil material
Xenoposeidon proneneukosBMNH R2095[624]Natural History Museum, LondonLate Berriasian to ValanginianAshdown Formation, Wealden Group, England[624]One dorsal vertebra[624]
Holotype shown from multiple views
Xianshanosaurus shijiagouensisKLR-07-62[625]Henan Geological Museum[625]Albian or Aptian[333]Haoling Formation, HenanTen vertebrae, a femur, a partial shoulder, and several ribs[625]
Xingxiulong chengiLFGT-D0002[626]Lufeng Dinosaur MuseumHettangianShawan Member, Lufeng Formation, YunnanMostly complete skull, numerous vertebrae, both hands, and several bones of the hind limb[626]
Xinjiangtitan shanshanensisSSV12001[627]Shanshan Geological MuseumCallovian[628]Qiketai Formation, Xinjiang[628]Mostly complete vertebral column with mostly complete hind limbs and hips[627]
Diagram of the holotype material with unknown elements in dark gray
Xixiposaurus suniZLJ01018[629]Jilin UniversityHettangianLower Lufeng Formation, YunnanMostly complete skeleton with a skull[629]
Yamanasaurus lojaensisYM-UTPL 002, YM-INPC-014-017[630]Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja[630]MaastrichtianRío Playas Formation, EcuadorHumerus, ulna, tibia, and three vertebrae[630]
Yimenosaurus youngiHolotype: YXV 8701

Paratype: YXV 8702[631]

Yuxi Regional Administrative AcademyPliensbachianFengjiahe Formation, YunnanHolotype: mostly complete skull with the lower jaw, several vertebrae, most of the hips, a femur, and a few ribs

Paratype: most of the vertebrae, a partial shoulder, most of the hips and hind limbs, with a partial skull[631]

Yizhousaurus sunaeLFGT-ZLJ0033[632]Lufeng Dinosaur MuseumSinemurianLufeng Formation, YunnanComplete skull with lower jaw, 31 vertebrae, shoulder and hip bones, both forelimbs, and both femora[632]
Yongjinglong datangiGSGM ZH(08)-04[633]Gansu Geological MuseumBarremian5 Formation, Upper Hekou Group, Gansu[634]Several vertebrae, a partial shoulder, and two fore limb bones[633]
Diagram of the holotype material
Yuanmousaurus jiangyiensisYMV 601[635]Yuanmou MuseumUncertain, middle Jurassic[636]Zhanghe Formation, YunnanNumerous vertebrae and mostly complete limbs[635]
Yunnanosaurus huangiIVPP V20[637]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologySinemurianUpper Zhangjiawa Member, Lufeng Formation, YunnanMostly complete skeleton[637]Type species of Yunnanosaurus[637]
Yunnanosaurus robustusIVPP V93[638]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologySinemurianZhangjia'ao Member, Lufeng Formation, YunnanAlmost complete skeleton[638]
Yunnanosaurus youngiCXMVZA 185[639]Chuxiong Prefectural MuseumPliensbachianUpper Fengjiahe Formation, Yunnan44 vertebrae and most of the hips[639]
Yunmenglong ruyangensis41HIII-0006[640]Henan Geological MuseumAlbian or Aptian[333]Haoling Formation, Henan14 vertebrae and a femur[640]
Yuzhoulong qurenensisCLGRP V00013[641]Chongqing Laboratory of Geoheritage Protection and ResearchBathonianShaximiao Formation, SichuanPartial skeleton with a mostly complete skull[641]
Zapalasaurus bonaparteiPv-6127-MOZ[642]Museum of Dr. Juan A. Olsacher[642]Late BarremianLa Amarga Formation, PatagoniaNumerous vertebrae and a mostly complete hip[642]
Zby atlanticusML 368[643]Museu da LourinhãKimmeridgianLourinhã Formation, PortugalMostly complete fore limb and other postcranial fragments[643]Originally referred to Turiasaurus[644]
Zhuchengtitan zangjiazhuangensisZJZ-57[645]Zhucheng Dinosaur MuseumCampanianBoundary between Xingezhuang Formation and Hongtuya Formation, Wangshi Group, Shandong[645]A humerus
Zigongosaurus fuxiensisCV 02501[646]Chongqing Natural History MuseumUncertain, middle Jurassic[647]Shaximiao Formation, SichuanPartial skull with jawbone[646]Considered by some to belong to the genus Mamenchisaurus[647]
Zizhongosaurus chuanchengensisSyntypes: V9067.1, V9067.2, V9067.3[648]Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyToarcianZiliujing Formation, SichuanA vertebra, humerus, and pubis[648]Specimens are most likely from the same animal,[648] may be a nomen dubium[649]

See also

References

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