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List of presidents of Peru

This is a list of those who have served as President of the Republic of Peru (head of state and head of government of Peru) from its establishment to the present. The office was established by the Constituent Congress of Peru (1822), after the resignation of José de San Martín to his position as Protector of Peru and his subsequent departure from Peru.

The first president was José de la Riva Agüero and the current president in office is Dina Boluarte, the first woman to hold the position. In the history of the position, there has been a series of political crises, caudillos, barracks revolt, civil wars, death of the incumbent, coups d'état, parliamentary attempts to remove the presidency,[1] one autocoup, and vacancies dictated by the congress. The list is based on the work of the historian Jorge Basadre, constitutions, laws, and decrees in each case.

Even though they were not presidents, the list includes the Libertadores José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar due to their historical relevance in the independence of Peru and its consolidation.

Presidents

Political parties:

Far-right:   Revolutionary Union (Unión Revolucionaria, UR)

Right wing:   Civilista Party (Partido Civil, PC)   Fujimorism (Cambio 90/ Let's Go Neighbor)   Constitutional Party (Partido Constitucional)   Reformist Democratic Party (Partido Democrático Reformista)   Peruvian Democratic Movement (Movimiento Democrático Peruano, MDP)

Centre-right:   Peruvians for Change (Peruanos Por el Kambio, PPK)

Centrist:   Popular Action (Acción Popular, AP)   Possible Peru (Perú Posible, PP)   Purple Party (Partido Morado, PM)

Centre-left:   Democratic Party (Partido Demócrata, PD)   Peruvian Aprista Party (Partido Aprista Peruano, APRA)   National Democratic Front (Frente Democrático Nacional)

Left wing:   Peruvian Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista Peruano; PNP)

Far-left:   Free Peru (Perú Libre, PL)

Others:   Independent   Military

  UR (2)   PC (9)   C90/VV (1)   PC (4)   PDR (1)   MDP (2)   PPK (1)   AP (4)   PP (1)

  PM (1)   PD (2)   APRA (2)   FDN (1)   PNP (1)   PL (1)   Ind. (6)   Military (16)

No.PortraitPresidentTerm of officeTime in officePartyElectionVice President
Took officeLeft office
— José de San Martín
(1778–1850)
[2][a]		3 August 182120 September 18221 year, 48 daysIndependentN/ANone
1 José de la Riva Agüero
(1783–1858)
[2]		28 February 182323 June 1823115 daysMilitary—[b][3]None
2 José Bernardo de Tagle
(1779–1825)
[2][c]		16 August 182310 February 1824178 daysMilitary—[b][5]None
1823[6]Diego de Aliaga y Santa Cruz[7]
— Simón Bolívar
(1783–1830)
[2][d]		10 February 182427 January 18272 years, 351 daysIndependent—[b][8]None
3 José de La Mar
(1776–1830)
[2]		10 June 18277 June 18291 year, 362 daysMilitary1827[9]Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano
4 Agustín Gamarra
(1785–1841)
[2]		7 June 182919 December 18334 years, 195 daysMilitaryCoup d'étatAntonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente
1829[10]
5 Luis José de Orbegoso
(1795–1847)
[11]		21 December 183325 February 18351 year, 66 daysMilitary1833[12]None
— Felipe Salaverry
(1805–1836)
[e][13]		25 February 18357 February 1836347 daysMilitaryCoup d'état[14]None
6 Agustín Gamarra
(1785–1841)
[15]		20 January 1839[16]18 November 1841 (†)2 years, 302 daysMilitaryOpen Cabildo[17][18]Manuel Menéndez (1840–1841)
President of the Council of State
Justo Figuerola (1840–1841)
1º Vice President of the Council of State
Juan Francisco de Vidal (1840–1841)
2º Vice President of the Council of State
1839[17]
1840[19]
7 Manuel Menéndez
(1793–1847)
[f][15]		18 November 184116 August 1842271 daysIndependent—[20]Justo Figuerola
1º Vice President of the Council of State
Juan Francisco de Vidal
2º Vice President of the Council of State
8 Juan Francisco de Vidal
(1800–1863)
[15]		20 October 184215 March 1843146 daysMilitary—

[20][21][22]

None
— Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco
(1806–1873)
 [g][15]		27 March 184317 June 18441 year, 82 daysMilitaryCoup d'étatNone
10 Manuel Menéndez
(1793–1847)
[f][15]		7 October 184420 April 1845195 daysIndependentRestored to office[23]None
11 Ramón Castilla
(1797–1867)
[24]		20 April 184520 April 18516 years, 0 daysMilitary1845[25][26]None
12 José Rufino Echenique
(1808–1887)
[24]		20 April 18515 January 18553 years, 260 daysMilitary1851[27]None
13 Ramón Castilla
(1797–1867)
[24]		5 January 185524 October 18627 years, 292 daysMilitaryCoup d'état[28](As Prime Minister)
1858[29]Juan Manuel del Mar
14 Miguel de San Román
(1802–1863)
[24]		24 October 18623 April 1863 (†)161 daysMilitary18621º Juan Antonio Pezet
2º Pedro Diez Canseco
15 Juan Antonio Pezet
(1809–1879)
[24]		5 August 18638 November 18652 years, 95 daysMilitaryPedro Diez Canseco
16 Mariano Ignacio Prado
(1825–1901)
[h][24]		28 November 18657 January 18682 years, 40 daysMilitaryCoup d'état
[30][31]		None
1867[32]
17 Pedro Diez Canseco Corbacho
(1815–1893)
[33]		7 January 18682 August 1868208 daysMilitaryNone
18 José Balta
(1814–1872)
[33]		2 August 186822 July 18723 years, 355 daysMilitary1868[34]1º Mariano Herencia Zevallos
2º Francisco Diez-Canseco
— Tomás Gutiérrez
(1817–1872)
[i][33]		22 July 187226 July 18724 daysMilitaryCoup d'étatNone
19 Mariano Herencia Zevallos
(1820–1873)
[33]		27 July 18722 August 18726 daysCivilista Party—None
20 Manuel Pardo y Lavalle
(1834–1878)
[33]		2 August 18722 August 18764 years, 0 daysCivilista Party1872[35]1º Manuel Costas Arce
2.º Francisco Garmendia Puértolas
21 Mariano Ignacio Prado
(1825–1901)
[33]		2 August 187618 December 18793 years, 138 daysCivilista Party1876[36]1º Luis La Puerta
2º José Francisco Canevaro
22 Luis La Puerta
(1811–1896)
[33]		18 December 187923 December 18795 daysMilitary—José Francisco Canevaro
23 Nicolás de Piérola
(1839–1913)
[j][33]		23 December 187928 December 18812 years, 5 daysIndependentOpen cabildo[37]None
24 Francisco García Calderón
(1834–1905)
[38]		12 March 18816 November 1881239 daysIndependent—[k]1º Lizardo Montero
2º Andrés Avelino Cáceres
25 Lizardo Montero
(1832–1905)
[38]		28 September 188128 October 18832 years, 30 daysCivilista Party—None
26 Miguel Iglesias
(1830–1909)
[38]		30 December 18823 December 18852 years, 338 daysMilitary1882[39]None
1884[40][41]
27 Andrés Avelino Cáceres
(1836–1923)
[38][42]		3 June 188610 August 18904 years, 68 daysConstitutional Party18961º Remigio Morales Bermúdez
2º Aurelio Denegri
28 Remigio Morales Bermúdez
(1836–1894)
[42]		10 August 18901 April 1894 (†)3 years, 234 daysConstitutional Party18901º Pedro Alejandrino del Solar
2º Justiniano Borgoño
29 Justiniano Borgoño
(1836–1921)
[43]		1 April 189410 August 1894131 daysConstitutional PartyNone
30 Andrés Avelino Cáceres
(1836–1923)
[43]		10 August 189420 March 1895222 daysConstitutional Party18941º César Canevaro
2º Cesáreo Chacaltana
31 Nicolás de Piérola
(1839–1913)
[43]		8 September 18958 September 18994 years, 0 daysDemocratic Party18951º Guillermo Billinghurst
2º Augusto Seminario y Váscones
32 Eduardo López de Romaña
(1847–1912)
[43]		8 September 18998 September 19034 years, 0 daysCivilista Party18991º Isaac Alzamora
2.º Federico Bresani
33 Manuel Candamo
(1841–1904)
[43]		8 September 19037 May 1904 (†)242 daysCivilista Party19031.º Lino Alarco (†)
2.º Serapio Calderón
34 Serapio Calderón
(1843–1922)
[43]		7 May 190424 September 1904140 daysCivilista PartyNone
35 José Pardo y Barreda
(1864–1947)
[44]		24 September 190424 September 19084 years, 0 daysCivilista Party19041.º José Salvador Cavero Ovalle
2º Vacant
36 Augusto Leguía
(1863–1932)
[44]		24 September 190824 September 19124 years, 0 daysCivilista Party19081º Eugenio Larrabure y Unanue
2º Belisario Sosa
37 Guillermo Billinghurst
(1851–1915)
[44]		24 September 19124 February 19141 year, 133 daysDemocratic Party19121º Roberto Leguía
2º Miguel Echenique
38 Óscar Benavides
(1876–1945)
[l][44]		4 February 191418 August 19151 year, 195 daysMilitaryCoup d'état[45]None
39 José Pardo y Barreda
(1864–1947)
[44]		18 August 19154 July 19193 years, 320 daysCivilista Party19151º Ricardo Bentín Sánchez
2.º Melitón Carvajal
40 Augusto Leguía
(1863–1932)
[44]		4 July 191925 August 193011 years, 52 daysReformist Democratic PartyCoup d'état1º César Canevaro
(1919–1920)
2.º Agustín de la Torre González
(1919–1920)
1919
1924
1929
— Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro
(1889–1933)
[m][46]		27 Aug 19301 March 1931186 daysRevolutionary UnionCoup d'étatNone
— David Samanez Ocampo
(1865–1947)
[n]		11 March 19318 December 1931272 daysDemocratic Party—[o]None
41 Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro
(1889–1933)
[46]		8 December 193130 April 1933 (†)1 year, 143 daysRevolutionary Union1931None
42 Óscar Benavides
(1876–1945)
[47]		30 April 19338 December 19396 years, 222 daysMilitary—[o]1º Ernesto Montagne Markholz
2º Antonio Rodríguez Ramírez
43 Manuel Prado Ugarteche
(1889–1967)
[48][49]		8 December 193928 July 19455 years, 232 daysPeruvian Democratic Movement19391º Rafael Larco Herrera
2º Carlos D. Gibson
44 José Luis Bustamante y Rivero
(1894–1989)
[50]		28 July 194529 October 19483 years, 93 daysNational Democratic Front19451º José Gálvez Barrenechea
2º Eduardo Ganoza y Ganoza
45 Manuel Odría
(1896–1974)
[p][51][52]		1 November 194828 July 19567 years, 270 daysMilitaryCoup d'état1º Héctor Boza
2º Federico Bolognesi Bolognesi
1950
46 Manuel Prado Ugarteche
(1889–1967)
[53]		28 July 195618 July 19625 years, 355 daysPeruvian Democratic Movement19561º Luis Gallo Porras
2.º Carlos Moreyra y Paz Soldán
47 Ricardo Pérez Godoy
(1905–1982)
[m][54]		18 July 19623 March 1963228 daysMilitaryCoup d'étatNone
48 Nicolás Lindley López
(1908–1995)
[m][55]		3 March 196328 July 1963147 daysMilitarySuccession
(De facto)		None
49 Fernando Belaúnde Terry
(1912–2002)
[56]		28 July 19633 October 19685 years, 67 daysPopular Action19631º Edgardo Seoane
2º Mario Polar Ugarteche
50 Juan Velasco Alvarado
(1910–1977)
[q][57][58]		3 October 196830 August 19756 years, 331 daysMilitaryCoup d'étatNone
51 Francisco Morales Bermúdez
(1921–2022)
[q][59]		30 August 197528 July 19804 years, 333 daysMilitaryCoup d'étatNone
52 Fernando Belaúnde Terry
(1912–2002)
[60][61]		28 July 198028 July 19855 years, 0 daysPopular Action19801º Fernando Schwalb
2º Javier Alva Orlandini
53 Alan García
(1949–2019)
[62]		28 July 198528 July 19905 years, 0 daysPeruvian Aprista Party19851º Luis Alberto Sánchez
2.º Luis Alva Castro
54 Alberto Fujimori
(born 1938)
[r][s]		28 July 199021 November 200010 years, 116 daysChange 90
(1990–1998)
Let's Go Neighbour
(1998–2000)		1990First Vice President
Máximo San Román (1990–1992)
Ricardo Márquez Flores (1995–2000)
Francisco Tudela (2000)
Second Vice President
Carlos García y García (1990–1992)
César Paredes Canto (1995–2000)
Ricardo Márquez Flores (2000)
Coup d'état
1993
1995
2000
55 Valentín Paniagua
(1936–2006)		22 November 200028 July 2001248 daysPopular Action—[t]None
56 Alejandro Toledo
(born 1946)		28 July 200128 July 20065 years, 0 daysPossible Peru20011º Raúl Diez Canseco
2.º David Waisman
57 Alan García
(1949–2019)		28 July 200628 July 20115 years, 0 daysPeruvian Aprista Party20061º Luis Giampietri
2º Lourdes Mendoza del Solar
58 Ollanta Humala
(born 1962)		28 July 201128 July 20165 years, 0 daysPeruvian Nationalist Party20111º Marisol Espinoza
2º Omar Chehade
59 Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
(born 1938)		28 July 201623 March 20181 year, 238 daysPeruvians for Change20161º Martín Vizcarra
2º Mercedes Aráoz
60 Martín Vizcarra
(born 1963)		23 March 20189 November 20202 years, 231 daysIndependent2º Mercedes Aráoz
61 Manuel Merino
(born 1961)		10 November 202015 November 20205 daysPopular Action—[t]None
62 Francisco Sagasti
(born 1944)		17 November 202028 July 2021253 daysPurple Party—[t]None
63 Pedro Castillo
(born 1969)		28 July 20217 December 20221 year, 132 days Free Peru20211º Dina Boluarte
64 Dina Boluarte
(born 1962)		7 December 2022Incumbent1 year, 201 daysIndependentNone

Timeline

Dina BoluartePedro CastilloFrancisco SagastiManuel MerinoMartín VizcarraPedro Pablo KuczynskiOllanta HumalaAlejandro ToledoValentín PaniaguaAlberto FujimoriAlan GarcíaFrancisco Morales BermúdezJuan Velasco AlvaradoFernando Belaúnde TerryNicolás Lindley LópezRicardo Pérez GodoyManuel OdríaJosé Luis Bustamante y RiveroManuel Prado UgartecheDavid Samanez OcampoLuis Miguel Sánchez CerroÓscar BenavidesGuillermo BillinghurstAugusto LeguíaJosé Pardo y BarredaSerapio CalderónManuel CandamoEduardo López de RomañaJustiniano BorgoñoRemigio Morales BermúdezAndrés Avelino CáceresMiguel IglesiasLizardo MonteroFrancisco García CalderónNicolás de PiérolaLuis La PuertaManuel Pardo y LavalleMariano Herencia ZevallosTomás GutiérrezJosé BaltaPedro Diez CansecoMariano Ignacio PradoJuan Antonio PezetMiguel de San RománJosé Rufino EcheniqueRamón CastillaManuel Ignacio de VivancoJuan Francisco de VidalManuel MenéndezFelipe SalaverryLuis José de OrbegosoAgustín GamarraJosé de La MarSimón BolívarJosé Bernardo de TagleJosé de la Riva AgüeroJosé de San Martín

Addendum

Those who are mentioned in the following list were sworn in as presidents of Peru, because of a political crisis, however, they never came to govern:[65]

PresidentTerm of officeTitleForm of entryVice President
StartEnd

(born 1946)

Máximo San Román21 April 19926 January 1993[65]Constitutional President of the Republic of Peru[66]Constitutional succession

(1º Vice President)

Carlos García y García

(born 1961)

Mercedes Araóz30 September 20191 October 2019[67][68]Acting President[69]Constitutional succession

(2º Vice President)

None

See also

  • List of Peruvian coups d'état

    • Notes

    References


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