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List of ruling political parties by country

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This is a list of ruling political parties by country, in the form of a table with a link to an overview of political parties in each country and showing which party system is dominant in each country. A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections. Individual parties are properly listed in separate articles under each nation.

The ruling party in a parliamentary system is the political party or coalition of the majority in parliament. It generally forms the central government.

Table

A

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 AfghanistanOne-party[a]Taliban
No parliamentary opposition		None; see 2021 takeover
 AbkhaziaMulti-partyIndependents, Amtsakhara
Aitaira		2022 (parliament)
 ÅlandMulti-partyCentre, Moderate Coalition, ObS, Sustainable Initiative
Liberals, Social Democrats, Future of Åland, Ålandic Democracy[3]		2019 (legislative)
 AlbaniaMulti-partySocialist Party of Albania, PSD
PD – Alliance for Change (PD, PR, PDIU, PAA, PLL, LZHK, PBDNJ), PL		2021 (parliament)
 AlderneyNon-partisanIndependents
No parliamentary opposition		2022 (general)
 AlgeriaMulti-partyNational Liberation Front, RND, Future Front, El-Bina
MSP, LP, FBG, FDJ, EFED, PLJ, Jil Jadid, FAN, El Karama, FNA, FFS		2021 (legislative)
2019 (presidential)
 AndorraMulti-partyDemocrats for Andorra, Committed Citizens, Action for Andorra
Concord, Social Democratic Party–Progressives, Andorra Forward		2023 (parliament)
 AngolaDominant-partyPeople's Movement for the Liberation of Angola
UNITA, PRS, FNLA, PHA		2022 (general)
 AnguillaTwo-partyAnguilla Progressive Movement
Anguilla United Front		2020 (general)
Dominant-partyAntigua and Barbuda Labour Party
United Progressive Party, Barbuda People's Movement		2023 (general)
 ArgentinaMulti-partyFrente de Todos (PJ, FR, Federal Commitment), SER, MPN
JxC (PRO, UCR), Federal Peronists (CF, VcV, PDC, PS, 3P), FIT-U (PO, PTS), AL-LA		2023 (general)
2021 (legislative)
 ArmeniaMulti-partyCivil Contract, United Labour Party
HD (ARF, Reborn Armenia, One Armenia), I Have Honor Alliance (RPA, Homeland)		2021 (parliament)
 ArubaMulti-partyPeople's Electoral Movement, RAIZ
AVP, Aruban Sovereignty Movement, RED, Accion 21		2021 (general)
 AscensionNon-partisanIndependents
No parliamentary opposition		2022 (general)
 AustraliaMulti-partyLabor Party
Coalition (LP, NP) (opposition), Greens, Centre Alliance, KAP, One Nation, JLN		2022 (federal)
 AustriaMulti-partyAustrian People's Party, The Greens
Social Democratic Party, Freedom Party, NEOS		2019 (legislative)
 AzerbaijanDominant-partyNew Azerbaijan Party, VHP, ADMP, VBP, AVP, BQP, Unity Party, MCP
DİP, REAL, BACXP		2024 (presidential)
2020 (parliament)

B

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 BahamasTwo-partyProgressive Liberal Party
Free National Movement		2021 (general)
 BahrainDominant-partyPro-monarchy independents, Al Rabitah, Gathering of National Unity
Progressive Democratic Tribune		2022 (general)
 BangladeshDominant-partyAwami League, Workers Party, JASAD
Jatiya Party (Ershad), Bangladesh Kalyan Party		2024 (general)
 BarbadosTwo-partyBarbados Labour Party
Democratic Labour Party		2022 (general)
 BelarusDominant-partyBelaya Rus, Independents, Communist Party, RPTS
LDPB[b]		2019 (parliament)
 BelgiumMulti-partyPS, MR, Ecolo, CD&V, Open Vld, Groen, Vooruit
N-VA, Vlaams Belang, PTB/PVDA, Les Engagés, DéFI		2019 (general)
 FlandersMulti-partyN-VA, CD&V, Open Vld
Vooruit, Groen, Vlaams Belang, PTB/PVDA		2019 (parliament)
 WalloniaMulti-partyPS, MR, Ecolo
PTB/PVDA, Les Engagés		2019 (parliament)
 BrusselsMulti-partyPS, Ecolo, DéFI, Groen, Open Vld, Vooruit
MR, PTB/PVDA, LE, DierAnimal, N-VA, VB, CD&V, Agora		2019 (parliament)
 BelizeTwo-partyPeople's United Party
United Democratic Party		2020 (general)
 BeninMulti-partyProgressive Union for Renewal, Republican Bloc
The Democrats		2021 (presidential)
2023 (parliament)
 BermudaTwo-partyProgressive Labour Party
One Bermuda Alliance		2020 (general)
 BhutanTwo-partyPeople's Democratic Party
Bhutan Tendrel Party		2023–24 (legislative)
 BoliviaMulti-partyMovement for Socialism
Civic Community (FRI), Creemos (PDC, UCS)		2020 (general)
 BonaireMulti-partyBonaire People's Movement
Bonaire Democratic Party, Bonaire Patriotic Union		2019 (general)
Multi-partySNSD, HDZ BiH, NiP, SDP BiH, DNS, NS, ZNG, DEMOS, US, BHI KF
SDA, DF-Civic Alliance, SDS, PDP, NES, ZPR		2022 (general)
 BotswanaDominant-partyBotswana Democratic Party
UDC (opposition), Botswana Patriotic Front, Alliance for Progressives		2019 (general)
 BrazilMulti-partyFE Brasil (PT, PCdoB, PV), PSB, PDT, PSOL REDE Fdr. (PSOL, REDE), Avante, Solidariedade
PL, PSDB, NOVO		2022 (general)
 BruneiOne-partyIndependents
No parliamentary opposition		No elections
 BulgariaMulti-partyGERB–SDS, PP–DB
Revival, DPS, BSP for Bulgaria, ITN		2021 (general)
2023 (legislative)
Military juntaMPSR (civilian government suspended)2022 coups d'état
 BurundiDominant-partyNational Council for the Defense of Democracy
National Congress for Liberty, Union for National Progress		2020 (general)

C

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 CambodiaDominant-partyCambodian People's Party
FUNCINPEC		2023 (parliament)
 CameroonDominant-partyCameroon People's Democratic Movement
UNDP, SDF, CPNR, Cameroon Democratic Union, FNSC, MDR, USM		2020 (parliament)
 CanadaMulti-partyLiberal Party (minority), New Democratic Party
Conservative Party (main opposition), Bloc Québécois, Green Party		2021 (federal)
 Cape VerdeMulti-partyMovement for Democracy
PAICV (president's party), UCID		2021 (presidential)
2021 (parliament)
 Cayman IslandsTwo-partyIndependents
People's Progressive Movement		2021 (general)
Multi-partyUnited Hearts Movement
Kwa Na Kwa, URCA, MLPC, MOUNI, RDC and others		2020-21 (general)
 ChadMilitary juntaNational Transitional Council (no parliamentary opposition)2021 coup d'état
 ChileMulti-partyAD (PC, CS, RD, Comunes, AH, FREVS), SD (PS, PPD, PL, PR)
Chile Vamos (RN, UDI, Evópoli), PLR, PSC, PDC, PDG, AxCh, Democrats		2021 (general)
 China (PRC)One-partyChinese Communist Party, minor parties (JS, CAPD, CDL, CNDCA, CPWDP, RCCK, CZGP, TDSL)2023 (congressional)
 Hong KongDominant-partyPro-Beijing camp (DAB, FTU, BPA, NPP, LP, FEW, FLU, Roundtable, PP, KWND, NP, NCF)
Third Side, Pro-democracy camp		2021 (legislative)
2019 (local)
 MacauDominant-partyPro-Beijing camp (ACUM, UPD, UMG, UPP, ABL)
Pro-democracy camp (NE), Synergy Power		2021 (legislative)
 ColombiaMulti-partyPHxC, PLC, AV, Colombia Reborn, ASI, Citizen Force, Commons
CD, CR, LIGA, PVO, MIRA, PCC, PSUN, MSN, CJL		2022 (legislative)
2022 (presidential)
 ComorosDominant-partyConvention for the Renewal of the Comoros
Orange Party		2020 (legislative)
 CongoDominant-partyCongolese Party of Labour, MAR, RDPS
UPADS, UDH-Yuki, MAR, PRL, Club 2002, DRD, RDPS, APC, MUST, MDC, CPR, URDP, RC, MCDDI		2021 (presidential)
2022 (parliament)
 DR CongoMulti-partyPresident: UDPS; Parliament: Common Front for Congo
Parliamentary opposition: Lamuka, Heading for Change		2018 (general)
2019 (senate)
Multi-partyCook Islands Party, Pro-government independents
Democratic Party, Cook Islands United Party, One Cook Islands Movement		2022 (general)
 Costa RicaMulti-partySocial Democratic Progress Party (minority)
PLN, PUSC, PNR, PLP, Broad Front		2022 (general)
 CroatiaMulti-partyCroatian Democratic Union, DP, HDS, HSLS, HNS-LD, HSU
SDP, Most, We can!, SDSS, Centre–NPS, Glas–HSS–DO i SIP, HS–PiP, IDS-DDI, Focus		2024 (parliament)
 CubaOne-partyCommunist Party of Cuba2023 (parliament)
 CuraçaoMulti-partyMFK, National People's Party
PAR, Partido MAN, Kòrsou Esun Miho, Work for Curaçao		2021 (general)
 CyprusMulti-partyDemocratic Party, Democratic Alignment, EDEK
Democratic Rally, AKEL, ELAM, KOSP		2023 (presidential)
2021 (legislative)
Multi-partySpolu (ODS, KDU-ČSL, TOP 09), PaS (STAN, Pirates)
ANO 2011, Freedom and Direct Democracy		2021 (legislative)
2023 (presidential)

D

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 DenmarkMulti-partySocial Democrats, Venstre, Moderates, Union Party, JF, Siumut, IA
Green Left, DD, Liberals, DKF, EL, RV, ALT, NB, DF		2022 (general)
 DjiboutiDominant-partyUnion for the Presidential Majority (RPP, FRUD, PND, PSD, UPR)
UDJ		2021 (presidential)
2023 (parliament)
 DominicaDominant-partyDominica Labour Party
No parliamentary opposition, Team Unity Dominica, United Workers' Party		2022 (general)
Multi-partyPRM, FA, APD, DxC, PHD, BIS, PRSD, PQDC, PCR
Dominican Liberation Party, FP, PRSC, PRD, ALPAÍS, PLR		2020 (general)

E

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 East TimorMulti-partyNational Congress for Timorese Reconstruction, Democratic Party
FRETILIN, KHUNTO, People's Liberation Party		2023 (parliament)
2022 (presidential)
 EcuadorMulti-partyCREO, PSE, MC, MEU, Avanza, PSP, MDS, UE, MC25, Pachakutik, ID
Union for Hope (Citizen Revolution, CD), Social Christian Party		2021 (general)
 EgyptDominant-partyIndependents, Nation's Future Party, RPP, New Wafd, HDP, MEP, SDP
CDM (RDP, ESDP, Justice) Tagammu, Conference, EFP, Al-Nour, EPM, EGP		2023 (presidential)
2020 (parliament)
 El SalvadorMulti-partyNuevas Ideas, GANA, PCN, PDC
ARENA, FMLN, Nuestro Tiempo, Vamos		2024 (presidential)
2024 (legislative)
 Equatorial GuineaDominant-partyDemocratic Party of Equatorial Guinea
No parliamentary opposition, Convergence for Social Democracy		2022 (general)
 EritreaOne-partyPeople's Front for Democracy and JusticeElections postponed
 EstoniaMulti-partyReform Party, Estonia 200, Social Democratic Party
Conservative People's Party, Centre Party, Isamaa		2023 (parliament)
 EswatiniNon-partisanIndependents (no political parties)2018 (general)
 EthiopiaDominant-partyProsperity Party
NaMA, EZEMA, Gedeo People's Democratic Organization		2021 (general)
 European UnionMulti-partyEPP, PES, ALDE
ECR, ID, EGP, EFA, PEL, EDP, ECPM		2019 (parliament)

F

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Falkland IslandsNon-partisanIndependents (no political parties)2021 (general)
 Faroe IslandsMulti-partySocial Democratic Party, Republic, Progress
Union Party, People's Party, Centre Party		2022 (general)
 FijiMulti-partyPeople's Alliance, National Federation Party, SODELPA
FijiFirst		2022 (general)
 FinlandMulti-partyNational Coalition, Finns Party, Christian Democrats, Swedish People's Party
SDP, Centre Party, The Greens, Left Alliance, Movement Now		2023 (parliament)
2024 (presidential)
 FranceMulti-partyRE, MoDem, HOR, MR (minority)
RN (main opposition), LFI, LR, PS, EELV, PCF, DLF, REC		2022 (presidential)
2022 (legislative)
 French GuianaMulti-partyDVG, Péyi Guyane, La France Insoumise, MDES, Socialist Party
DVC, Guiana Rally, The Republicans		2021 (regional)
 French PolynesiaMulti-partyTāvini Huiraʻatira
Tapura Huiraatira, A here ia Porinetia, ʻĀmuitahiraʻa		2023 (legislative)

G

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other Parties		Last election
 GabonMilitary juntaCTRI (civilian government suspended)2023 coup d'état
 GambiaMulti-partyNational People's Party, National Reconciliation Party, APRC
United Democratic Party, PDOIS		2021 (presidential)
2022 (parliament)
 GeorgiaMulti-partyGeorgian Dream, People's Power
Strength Is in Unity (UNM, PdT), For Georgia, Girchi, ES, Strategy Builder, Lelo, Citizens, SRP, KdS, SK, EDP		2020 (parliament)
 GermanyMulti-partySocial Democratic Party, A90/Greens, Free Democratic Party
Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU/CSU), AfD, The Left		2021 (federal)
 GhanaTwo-partyNew Patriotic Party
National Democratic Congress		2020 (general)
 GibraltarMulti-partyGSLP–Liberal Alliance (GSLP, LPG)
Gibraltar Social Democrats, Together Gibraltar		2023 (general)
 GreeceMulti-partyNew Democracy
Syriza, PASOK-KINAL (PASOK, KIDISO), KKE, Greek Solution, Spartans, Victory, Course of Freedom		2023 (legislative)
 GreenlandMulti-partyInuit Ataqatigiit, Naleraq, Atassut
Siumut, Democrats		2021 (general)
 GrenadaTwo-partyNational Democratic Congress
New National Party		2022 (general)
 GuadeloupeMulti-partyGUSR, DVC
Plural Left		2021 (regional)
 GuatemalaMulti-partySemilla, Winaq-URNG
Vamos, UNE, Cabal, ViVa, Valor, VOS, Todos, PPN, BIEN, Victoria, PA, CE, CREO, Cambio		2023 (general)
 GuernseyMulti-partyIndependents
Future Guernsey, Guernsey Party		2020 (general)
 GuineaMilitary juntaCNRD (civilian government suspended)2021 coup d'état
 Guinea-BissauMulti-partyPAI–Terra Ranka (PAIGC and others), PRS, PTG
Madem G15 (president's party), Assembly of the People United		2019 (presidential)
2023 (legislative)
 GuyanaMulti-partyPeople's Progressive Party
People's National Congress (APNU, AFC) (official opposition), LJP–ANUG–TNM		2020 (legislative)

H

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 HaitiMulti-partyNon-partisan acting government
Parliament dissolved; PHTK, Inite, Haiti in Action, OPL, RDNP, FL, Renmen, PPD, UNCRH, PFSDH		2016–17 (senate)
2016 (presidential)
 HondurasMulti-partyLibre, Savior Party of Honduras, PINU, Christian Democratic Party
National Party, Liberal Party, Anti-Corruption Party		2021 (general)
 HungaryDominant-partyFidesz–KDNP (Fidesz, KDNP), LdU
United for Hungary (DK, Momentum, MSZP, Jobbik, Dialogue, LMP, MMM), MHM		2022 (parliament)

I

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 IcelandMulti-partyIndependence Party, Progressive Party, Left-Green Movement
Samfylkingin, People's Party, Pirate Party, Liberal Reform Party, Centre Party		2021 (parliament)
2020 (presidential)
 IndiaMulti-partyNDA (BJP, TDP, JSP, SHS, RJLP, AD(S), AJSU, NDPP, NPP, NPF, MNF, SKM, JD(S), AGP)
INDIA (INC, DMK, AITC, AAP, JDU, CPI(M), SS(UBT), NCP (SP), RJD, JKNC, IUML, JMM, SP, CPI, RSP, VCK, KC(M))
Others (YSRCP, BJD, BSP, BRS, SAD, AIMIM, AIUDF, RLP, AIADMK)		2024 (general)
 IndonesiaMulti-partyKIM (PDI-P, Golkar, Gerindra, NasDem, PKB, PAN, PPP, Demokrat)
PKS		2024 (general)
 IranDominant-party[c]Principlists (SHANA, Stability Front, Jusice Seekers)
Reformists (MDP, ECP), independents		2021 (presidential)
2020 (legislative)
 IraqMulti-partyTakadum, State of Law, PDK, Fatah, PUK, Azem, Victory Alliance, Babylon Movement
Emtidad, Naway Nwe, Tasmim, National Contract, Ishraq Kanoon, NPI, MDR, others		2021 (parliament)
 KurdistanMulti-partyKurdistan Democratic Party, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
Gorran, Naway Nwe, Kurdistan Justice Group, Yekgirtû		2018 (parliament)
 IrelandMulti-partyFianna Fáil, Fine Gael, Green Party
Sinn Féin, Labour Party, Social Democrats, PBP–S, Aontú, Right to Change		2020 (general)
 Isle of ManMulti-partyIndependents
Labour Party, Liberal Vannin Party		2021 (general)
 IsraelMulti-party Likud, National Unity (Resilience, New Hope), Shas, UTJ, Mafdal, Otzma, Noam
Yesh Atid, Yisrael Beiteinu, Ra'am, Hadash, Labor, Ta'al		2022 (legislative)
 ItalyMulti-partyBrothers of Italy, League, Forza Italia, Us Moderates, MAIE
PD–IDP (PD, Art. 1, DemoS, CD), MS5, A–IV, AVS, +E, SVP, UV		2022 (general)
 Ivory CoastDominant-partyRally of Houphouëtists for Democracy and Peace (RDR)
PDCI-RDA, Together for Democracy and Sovereignty, UDPCI, FPI		2021 (parliament)

J

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 JamaicaTwo-partyJamaica Labour Party
People's National Party		2020 (general)
 JapanDominant-partyLiberal Democratic Party, Komeito
Constitutional Democratic Party, Ishin, DPP, Communist Party, Reiwa, SDP, Sanseitō, NHK Party		2021 (general)
2022 (Sangiin)
 JerseyMulti-party[d]Independents
Reform Jersey, Jersey Liberal Conservatives, Progress Party		2022 (general)
 JordanDominant-party[e]Pro-monarchy independents, Jordanian United Front Party, National Loyalty Party
Islamic Action Front, Islamic Centre Party		2020 (general)

K

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 KazakhstanDominant-partyAmanat
Auyl, Respublica, Aq Jol, People's Party, JSDP		2022 (presidential)
2023 (legislative)
 KenyaMulti-partyKenya Kwanza (UDA, ANC, UDM, FORD–K, PAA, MCC, UPIA, TSP, CCK, DP, MDG, GDDP, NAP, NOPEU)
Azimio (ODM, Jubilee, WDM-K, DAP-K, KANU, KUP, UPA, UDP)		2022 (general)
 KiribatiTwo-partyTobwaan Kiribati Party
Boutokaan Kiribati Moa Party		2020 (presidential)
2020 (parliament)
 Korea (DPRK)One-partyWorkers' Party of Korea, other minor parties (KSDP, Chondoist Chongu Party)2019 (parliament)
 Korea (ROK)Multi-partyPeople Power Party
Democratic Party, Justice Party, Basic Income Party, Transition Korea		2022 (presidential)
2020 (legislative)
 KuwaitNon-partisanIndependents (no political parties)2024 (general)
 KyrgyzstanMulti-partyMekenchil, Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan, Ishenim, Yntymak
Eldik, Alliance, United Kyrgyzstan, Light of Faith, SDK, Afghans' Party		2021 (presidential)
2021 (parliament)
 KosovoMulti-partyLVV, Guxo, KDTP, NDS, IRDK, Vakat, LPRK, SDU, PAI
PDK, LDK, Serb List, AAK, JGP, RI		2021 (parliament)

L

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 LaosOne-partyLao People's Revolutionary Party2021 (parliament)
 LatviaMulti-partyNew Unity (Unity), United List (LRA, LZP, LP), NA
ZZS (LZS, LSDSP, LuV), For Stability!, The Progressives, LPV		2022 (parliament)
 LebanonMulti-partyActing gov't: FPM, Amal, Hezbollah, PSP, Marada, ARF, Al-Ahbash, Ba'ath, UP, JI
LF, Kataeb, Taqaddom, Al Haraka, Tahalof Watani, ReLebanon, Khatt Ahmar, Lana, Osos, NDP, PNO		2022 (general)
 LesothoMulti-partyRevolution for Prosperity, Alliance of Democrats, MEC
DC, ABC, BAP, LCD, SR, BNP, PFD, BCM, MPS, NIP, HOPE		2022 (general)
 LiberiaTwo-partyCoalition for Democratic Change (CDC, NPP)
UP (main opposition), LP, ANC, PUP, ALP, MEE, MDR, LTP, UPP, VCP, LPP, LINU		2023 (general)
 LibyaNon-partisanGovernment of National Unity, Government of National Stability
Independents		2014 (parliament)
 LiechtensteinMulti-partyPatriotic Union, Progressive Citizens' Party
Free List, Democrats for Liechtenstein		2021 (general)
 LithuaniaMulti-partyHomeland Union, Liberal Movement, Freedom Party
LVŽS, DSVL, LSDP, DP, LLRA–KŠS, LRP, NA, LKDP		2020 (parliament)
2019 (presidential)
 LuxembourgMulti-partyCSV, Democratic Party
LSAP, ADR,The Greens, Pirate Party, The Left		2023 (general)

M

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 MadagascarMulti-partyYoung Malagasies Determined, Freedom, ADN
Tiako I Madagasikara, independents, RPSD-Vaovao, MTS, GJPS, MDM, MATITA, Malagasy Miara Miainga		2023 (presidential)
2019 (parliament)
 MalawiMulti-partyMalawi Congress Party, UTM, independents
DPP, UDF, People's Party, Alliance for Democracy		2020 (presidential)
 MalaysiaMulti-partyPH (PKR, DAP, Amanah, UPKO), BN (UMNO, MCA, MIC, PBRS), GPS (PBB, PRS, PDP, SUPP), GRS (PBS, STAR), Warisan, KDM, PBM
PN (PAS, BERSATU, GERAKAN), MUDA		2022 (general)
 MaldivesMulti-partyProgressive Congress Coalition (PPM, PNC)
MDP, AP, JP, MDA, MTD, MRM, MNP, TD		2023 (presidential)

2024 (parliament)

 MaliMilitary juntaMalian Armed Forces (civilian government suspended)2021 coup d'état
 MaltaTwo-partyLabour Party
Nationalist Party		2022 (general)
Two-partyIndependents (Aelon̄ Kein Ad, United Democratic Party)2023 (general)
 MauritaniaMulti-partyEquity Party, UDP, Trust (Islah, Karama, HATEM, Vadila, PMM), Justice (AND, NW), HIWAR
Tewassoul, Hope Mauritania, Sawab—RAG, AJD/MR, State of Justice		2019 (presidential)
2023 (parliament)
 MauritiusMulti-partyMSM, ML, OPR, MAG, Plateforme Militante
MMM, PMSD, Labour Party		2019 (general)
 MayotteMulti-partyThe Republicans, NÉMA, DVD
MDM, Renaissance, DVC		2021 (legislative)
 MexicoMulti-partyMorena, Green Party, Labor Party
PAN, PRI, Citizens' Movement, PRD		2018 (general)
2021 (legislative)
 MicronesiaNon-partisanIndependents (no political parties)2023 (parliament)
 MoldovaMulti-partyParty of Action and Solidarity
Bloc of Communists and Socialists (PSRM, PCRM), ȘOR bloc (de facto), Revival, MAN		2021 (parliament)
 MonacoMulti-partyUNM (Priorité Monaco, Horizon Monaco, Union Monégasque)
No parliamentary opposition; New Ideas for Monaco		2023 (parliament)
 MongoliaMulti-partyMongolian People's Party
Democratic Party, Right Person Electorate Coalition		2021 (presidential)
2020 (legislative)
 MontenegroMulti-partyPES!, DCG, SNP, Civis, ASh, FORCA, ZBCG (NSD, DNP), UCG
Together! (DPS, SD, UDSh), BS, URA, HGI		2023 (legislative)
 MontserratTwo-partyMovement for Change and Prosperity
People's Democratic Movement		2019 (general)
 MoroccoMulti-partyNational Rally of Independents, Istiqlal Party, Authenticity and Modernity Party
USFP, Popular Movement, PPS, Constitutional Union, PJD, MDS, FFD, AFG, PSU		2021 (general)
 MozambiqueDominant-partyFRELIMO Party
RENAMO, Democratic Movement		2019 (general)
 MyanmarMilitary juntaState Administration Council (civilian government suspended)2021 coup d'état

N

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 NamibiaDominant-partySWAPO Party of Namibia
PDM, LPM, NUDO, APP, UDF, Republican Party, NEFF, IPC, RDP, CDV, SWANU		2019 (general)
 NauruMulti-partyIndependents, Nauru First
Opposition independents		2022 (parliament)
2022 (presidential)
 NepalMulti-partyNC, Socialist Front (CPN (MC), CPN (US), PSP-N), Janamat, NUP, LSP-N, NSP, RJM
CPN (UML), RSP, RPP, NWPP		2022 (general)
 NetherlandsMulti-partyVVD, CDA, D66, Christian Union
PVV, PvdA, GL, SP, PvdD, FvD, 50PLUS, SGP, Volt, JA21, DENK, BVNL, BBB, BIJ1		2023 (general)
Multi-partyCaledonian Union, FLNKS, L'EO, UNI, LKS, Labour Party
Future with Confidence, Caledonia Together, Generations NC		2019 (legislative)
 New ZealandMulti-partyNational Party, ACT New Zealand, New Zealand First
Labour Party (official opposition), Greens, Te Pāti Māori		2023 (general)
 NicaraguaDominant-partySandinista National Liberation Front, YATAMA
Constitutionalist Liberal Party, ALN, PLI, APRE, CCN		2021 (general)
 NigerMilitary juntaCSNP (civilian government suspended)2023 coup d'état
 NigeriaMulti-partyAll Progressives Congress
Peoples Democratic Party (official opposition), YPP, APGA, ADC, PRP		2023 (general)
 NiueNon-partisanIndependents (no political parties)2020 (general)
Multi-partyWe Can (SDSM, NSDP, VMRO–NP, TDP, PDT, POPGM, SSM), DUI, AA, LDP, DPA, DOM
Renewal (VMRO-DPMNE, SPM, DPSM, GROM, ROM), Alternativa, Levica, Besa, DS		2019 (presidential)
2020 (parliament)
Multi-partyNational Unity Party, Democratic Party, Rebirth Party
Republican Turkish Party, People's Party		2022 (parliament)
 NorwayMulti-partyLabour Party, Centre Party
Conservative Party, FrP, SV, Liberal Party, Red Party, KrF, Green Party, Patient Focus		2021 (parliament)

O

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalitionLast election
 OmanNon-partisanIndependents
No political parties		2019 (general)

P

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 PakistanMulti-partyPML-N, PPP, MQM-P
SIC, PML-Q, JUI-F, NP, PkMAP, BNP, BAP, IPP		2024 (general)
 PalauNon-partisanIndependents (no political parties)2020 (general)
 PalestineMulti-partyPLO (Fatah, PFLP, DFLP, PPP), National Initiative, Third Way
Hamas (de facto control of the Gaza Strip)		2006 (legislative)
 PanamaMulti-partyDemocratic Revolutionary Party, MOLIRENA
Democratic Change, Panameñista Party		2019 (general)
Multi-partyPangu, URP, NA, People's, SDP, PFP, PNGP, ULP, Advance, National, AP, Green, Liberal, MAP, NGP, ODP, PLP, PMC, PPP, PRP, Destiny, THE
People's National Congress Party		2022 (general)
 ParaguayMulti-partyColorado Party
PLRA, Guasú Front, PPQ, PDP, UNACE, GANAR, Hagamos Party, PEN, MCN		2023 (general)
 PeruMulti-partyNon-partisan government; FP, AP, RP, AvP, APP, PDSP
Free Peru, Magisterial Bloc, Bicentennial Peru, PD, JP, PP		2021 (general)
2022 crisis
 PhilippinesMulti-partyUniTeam (PFP, Lakas), Nacionalista, NPC, LDP, PDP–Laban, UNA, PMP, NUP, others
TRoPa (Liberal Party, Akbayan), PDSP, Makabayan, PDR, Aksyon, others		2022 (general)
Non-partisanIndependents (no political parties)2021 (general)
 PolandMulti-partyKO (PO, .N, IPL, PZ, T!DPL, AU), TD (KP, PL2050), The Left (NL), The Left (Razem)
United Right (PiS, SP, Republicans, OdNowa RP), Kukiz'15, Confederation (NN, RN, KKP)		2020 (presidential)
2023 (parliament)
 PortugalMulti-partySocialist Party
Social Democratic Party, Chega, IL, PCP, Left Bloc, PAN, LIVRE		2022 (parliament)
2021 (presidential)
 Puerto RicoTwo-partyPopular Democratic Party
New Progressive Party (governor's party), MVC, PIP, PD		2020 (general)

Q

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalitionLast election
 QatarNon-partisanIndependents (no political parties)2021 (general)

R

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 RomaniaMulti-partyNational Coalition for Romania (PSD, PNL), Ethnic minority parties
USR, AUR, UDMR/RMDSZ, FD, REPER, AD, NR, ROASIT		2019 (presidential)
2020 (legislative)
 RussiaDominant-partyUnited Russia, LDPR, A Just Russia – For Truth, Rodina, Civic Platform
Communist Party, New People, Party of Growth		2018 (presidential)
2021 (legislative)
 RwandaDominant-partyRwandan Patriotic Front
Social Democratic Party, PS-Imberakuri, PL, Democratic Greens		2017 (presidential)
2018 (parliament)

S

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Saint HelenaNon-partisanIndependents (no political parties)2021 (general)
Multi-partySaint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party
Concerned Citizens' Movement, People's Labour Party, People's Action Movement		2022 (general)
 Saint LuciaTwo-partySaint Lucia Labour Party
United Workers Party		2021 (general)
Two-partyArchipelago Tomorrow (LR)
Together for the Future (PRG)		2022 (legislative)
Two-partyUnity Labour Party
New Democratic Party		2020 (general)
 SamoaTwo-partyFaʻatuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi, Samoa National Democratic Party
Human Rights Protection Party		2021 (general)
 San MarinoMulti-partySammarinese Christian Democratic Party, RETE Movement, DML, NplR
Libera, Future Republic		2019 (general)
Multi-partyIndependent Democratic Action
MLSTP/PSD, MCI/PS-PUN, Basta		2021 (presidential)
2022 (legislative)
 Saudi ArabiaOne-partyCouncil of Ministers (no parliamentary opposition)No elections
 SenegalDominant-partyUnited in Hope (APR, AFP, PS), Bokk Gis Gis
Liberate the People (PASTEF, PUR, TS), Wallu Sénégal (PDS), MPR, AAR		2024 (presidential)
2022 (legislative)
 SerbiaDominant-partyAV–ZMS (SNS, PSS, SNP, PS, SPO, NSS), SPS–ZS, SDPS, PUPS, SPP–DSHV–USS, JS, VMSZ
PE (SSP, PSG, PZP, Sloga, Fatherland), NADA (NDSS, POKS), DS, Narodna, NPS–EU–NLS, SSZ, Dveri, Together, ZLF		2023 (legislative)
2022 (general)
 SeychellesTwo-partyLinyon Demokratik Seselwa (Seychelles National Party, Seychellois Alliance, SPSJD, SUP)
United Seychelles		2020 (general)
 Sierra LeoneTwo-partySierra Leone People's Party
All People's Congress		2023 (general)
 SingaporeDominant-partyPeople's Action Party
Workers' Party, Progress Singapore Party		2020 (general)
 Sint MaartenMulti-partyNational Alliance, United People's Party
USP, Party for Progress, UD		2020 (general)
 SlovakiaMulti-partySmer–SD, Hlas–SD, Slovak National Party
Progressive Slovakia, OĽaNO and Friends, KDH, SASKA		2023 (parliament)
 SloveniaMulti-partyFreedom Movement, Social Democrats, The Left
Slovenian Democratic Party, New Slovenia		2022 (parliament)
Multi-partyIndependents, Kadere Party, Democratic Alliance Party, People's Alliance Party
Democratic Party, United Democratic Party, United Party, People First Party, SIPRA		2019 (general)
 SomaliaMulti-partyIndependents, Forum for National Parties (UPD (president's party))
Tayo		2022 (presidential)
 SomalilandMulti-partyWaddani, Justice and Welfare Party
Kulmiye Peace, Unity, and Development Party (president's party)		2017 (presidential)
2021 (parliamentary)
 South AfricaDominant-partyAfrican National Congress
DA (official opposition), EFF, IFP, FF+, ACDP, UDM, ATM, Good, NFP, AIC, COPE		2019 (general)
 South OssetiaDominant-partyIndependents, Nykhaz (president's party)
United Ossetia, People's Party, Unity of the People, Communist Party		2019 (parliament)
 South SudanDominant-partySudan People's Liberation Movement
SPLM-in-Opposition, South Sudan Opposition Alliance		2010 (general)
 SpainMulti-partyPSOE, Sumar (SMR, IU, Podemos, CatComú, MM, Compromís, CHA, Més), ERC, EH Bildu, EAJ/PNV, Junts, BNG, CCa
People's Party, Vox, UPN		2023 (general)
 Sri LankaMulti-partySLPFA (Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna, EPDP, MEP, TMVP), UNP
Samagi Jana Balawegaya, Sri Lanka Freedom Party, ULS, TNA, NPP, TNPF, TPNA		2022 (presidential)
2020 (parliament)
 SudanMilitary juntaTransitional Sovereignty Council (no parliamentary opposition)Transition to democracy
 SurinameMulti-partyVHP, ABOP, National Party of Suriname, Pertjajah Luhur
National Democratic Party, Brotherhood and Unity in Politics		2020 (general)
 SwedenMulti-partyModerate Party, Christian Democrats, Liberals, Sweden Democrats
Social Democratic Party, Left Party, Centre Party, Green Party		2022 (general)
 SwitzerlandMulti-partySwiss People's Party, Social Democrats, FDP.The Liberals, The Centre
Green Party, Green Liberals, Evangelical Party, Federal Democrats, Ticino League, MCG
 SyriaDominant-partyNPF (Ba'ath, SSNP, SUP, SCP–B, ASU, SCP–U, NCP, ADU, DSUP)
No parliamentary opposition; Syrian opposition		2020 (parliament)
2021 (presidential)

T

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Taiwan (Republic of China)[f]Multi-partyDemocratic Progressive Party
Kuomintang, Taiwan People's Party		2024 (presidential)
2024 (legislative)
 TajikistanDominant-partyPeople's Democratic Party, Agrarian Party, Communist Party
Party of Economic Reforms, Democratic Party, Socialist Party		2020 (presidential)
2020 (parliament)
 TanzaniaDominant-partyChama Cha Mapinduzi
Chadema, Civic United Front, Alliance for Change and Transparency		2020 (general)
 ZanzibarDominant-partyChama Cha Mapinduzi
Alliance for Democratic Change, AFP, TADEA		2020 (general)
 ThailandMulti-partyPTP, BJT, PPRP, UTN, Chart Thai Pattana, Prachachat, PTRP, Chart Pattana Kla, TLP, PSMP, Thai Counties,
Move Forward, Democrat, Thai Sang Thai, Fair, NDP, New Party, TTP		2023 (general)
Tigray RegionDominant-partyTigray People's Liberation Front
National Congress of Great Tigray, TIP, SAWET, ADP		2020 (parliament)
 TogoDominant-partyUnion for the Republic
Union of Forces for Change, NET, MPDD, PDP, MRC		2020 (presidential)
2018 (parliament)
 TokelauNon-partisanIndependents (no political parties)2020 (general)
 TongaTwo-partyIndependents, Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands, Tongan nobles
Independents, Tonga People's Party		2021 (general)
 TransnistriaDominant-partyObnovlenie
No parliamentary opposition; Transnistrian Communist Party		2021 (presidential)
2020 (legislative)
Two-partyPeople's National Movement
United National Congress		2020 (general)
 TobagoTwo-partyProgressive Democratic Patriots
Tobago Council of the People's National Movement		2021 (legislative)
 TunisiaMulti-partyNon-partisan government; 25th of July Movement
People's Movement		2019 (president)
2022–23 (parliament)
 TurkeyMulti-partyJustice and Development Party, Nationalist Movement Party, HÜDA PAR
CHP, DEM Parti, İYİ Parti, DEVA, Saadet, YRP, DP, TİP, DBP, EMEP, DSP		2023 (president)
2023 (parliament)
 TurkmenistanDominant-partyDemocratic Party of Turkmenistan, Agrarian Party, TSTP
No parliamentary opposition		2023 (parliament)
2022 (presidential)
Two-partyProgressive National Party
People's Democratic Movement		2021 (general)
 TuvaluNon-partisanIndependents (no political parties)2024 (general)

U

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 UgandaDominant-partyNational Resistance Movement
NUP, FDC, Democratic Party, UPC, JEEMA, PPP		2021 (general)
 UkraineMulti-partyServant of the People, For the Future, Dovira
YeS, Batkivshchyna, Holos, PZZhM, Restoration of Ukraine		2019 (president)
2019 (parliament)
Non-partisanIndependents (no political parties)2019 (parliament)
 United KingdomMulti-partyLabour Party
Conservative Party (opposition), Lib Dems, SNP, DUP, Sinn Féin, Plaid Cymru, SDLP, Alba, Greens, APNI, Workers, Reform		2024 (general)
Multi-partySinn Féin, DUP, Alliance, UUP
SDLP, TUV, People Before Profit		2022 (parliament)
 ScotlandMulti-partyScottish National Party
Conservatives, Labour, Scottish Greens, Liberal Democrats		2021 (parliament)
 WalesMulti-partyLabour
Conservatives (official opposition), Plaid Cymru, Lib Dems		2021 (parliament)
 United StatesTwo-partyDemocratic Party
Republican Party (majority in U.S. House)		2020 (general)
2022 (legislative)
 UruguayMulti-partyNational Party, Colorado Party, CA, PI, Partido de la Gente
Broad Front, PERI		2019 (general)
 UzbekistanMulti-partyLiberal Democratic Party, Milliy Tiklanish
Justice Social Democratic Party, XDP, O'EP		2021 (presidential)
2019-20 (parliament)

V

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 VanuatuMulti-partyUMP, RMC, LPV, GJP, NUP, PPP, VNDP, Laverwo
Vanua'aku Pati, RDP, Iauko Group, Nagriamel, PUDP, VPDP, UCM, NCM		2022 (general)
 Vatican CityNon-partisanIndependents (no parliamentary opposition)2013 (papal conclave)
 VenezuelaDominant-partyGPPSB (PSUV, PPT, Tupamaro, MSV, PODEMOS, APC, MEP, ORA, UPP)
Democratic Alliance (AD, AP, El Cambio, PV, Copei), APR (PCV)		2020 (parliament)
2018 (presidential)
 VietnamOne-partyCommunist Party of Vietnam, Fatherland Front2021 (parliament)
Multi-partyVirgin Islands Party
NDP, Progressive Virgin Islands Movement, Progressives United		2019 (general)
Multi-partyDemocratic Party
Republican Party, Independent Citizens Movement		2022 (gubernatorial)

W

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 Wallis and FutunaNon-partisanIndependents (no political parties)2022 (legislative)
 Western SaharaOne-partyPolisario Front2023 (legislative)

Y

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 YemenDominant-partyGeneral People's Congress[g]
Al-Islah, Yemeni Socialist Party, Nasserist Unionist People's Organisation, Ba'ath Party		2012 (presidential)
2003 (parliament)
See also 2014–2015 takeover

Z

CountryParty systemRuling party or coalition
Other parties		Last election
 ZambiaMulti-partyUnited Party for National Development
Patriotic Front, Party of National Unity and Progress		2021 (general)
 ZimbabweDominant-partyZimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front
Citizens Coalition for Change		2023 (general)

See also

Notes

References

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