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List of parties to the Geneva Conventions

The Geneva Conventions, which were most recently revised in 1949, consist of seven individual treaties which are open to ratification or accession by any sovereign state. They are:

  Parties to GC I–IV and P I–III
  Parties to GC I–IV and P I–II
  Parties to GC I–IV and P I and III
  Parties to GC I–IV and P I
  Parties to GC I–IV and P III
  Parties to GC I–IV and no P

The four 1949 Conventions have been ratified by 196 states, including all UN member states, both UN observers (the Holy See and the State of Palestine}, as well as the Cook Islands. The Protocols have been ratified by 174, 169 and 79 states respectively. In addition, Article 90 of Protocol I states that "The High Contracting Parties may at the time of signing, ratifying or acceding to the Protocol, or at any other subsequent time, declare that they recognize ipso facto and without special agreement, in relation to any other High Contracting Party accepting the same obligation, the competence of the [International Fact-Finding] Commission to enquire into allegations by such other Party, as authorized by this Article."[1] 76 states have made such a declaration.

Parties to the 1949 Conventions and Protocols I–III

List of state parties to the Geneva Conventions
State[2][3][4]Year of ratification/accession/succession[Note 1]Notes
GC I–IV[5][6][7][8]Protocol I[9]Protocol II[10]Protocol III[11]Prot. I
Art. 90
Declaration
[12]
 Afghanistan195620092009——
 Albania1957199319932008—
 Algeria196019891989—1989
 Andorra1993————
 Angola198419842019S—
 Antigua and Barbuda198619861986——
 Argentina19561986198620111996
 Armenia1993199319932011—
 Australia19581991199120091992
 Austria19531982198220091982
 Azerbaijan1993————
 Bahamas197519801980——
 Bahrain197119861986——
 Bangladesh197219801980——
 Barbados196819901990——
 Belarus19541989198920111989Conventions I–IV and Protocols I–II ratified as the  Byelorussian SSR.
 Belgium19521986198620151987
 Belize1984198419842007—
 Benin196119861986——
 Bhutan1991————
 Bolivia197619921983S1992
 Bosnia and Herzegovina199219921992S1992
 Botswana196819791979——
 Brazil19571992199220091993
 Brunei199119911991——
 Bulgaria19541989198920061994
 Burkina Faso19611987198720162004
 Burundi197119931993S—
 Cambodia195819981998——
 Cameroon1963198419842021—
 Canada19651990199020071990
 Cape Verde198419951995S1995
 Central African Republic196619841984——
 Chad197019971997——
 Chile19501991199120081991
 China195619831983——Conventions I–IV ratified as the  Republic of China which was a signatory in 1956.


 Macau was declared by China to be covered by its ratification of Conventions I–IV and Protocols I–II from 20 December 1999,[13][14] the same date Portugal renounced their obligations for the territory[13] following the transfer of sovereignty over Macau to China.
 Hong Kong was declared by China to be covered by its ratification of Conventions I–IV and Protocols I–II from 1 July 1997,[15] the same date the UK renounced their obligations for the territory[16][17] following the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong to China.

 Colombia196119931995S1996
 Comoros198519851985——
 Democratic Republic of the Congo196119822002—2002
 Republic of the Congo196719831983S—
 Cook Islands20022002200220112002
 Costa Rica19691983198320081999
 Côte d'Ivoire196119891989——
 Croatia19921992199220071992
 Cuba195419821999——
 Cyprus19621979199620072002
 Czech Republic19931993199320071995
 Denmark19511982198220071982All the treaties extended to the Faroe Islands and to Greenland.[Note 2]
 Djibouti197819911991——
 Dominica198119961996——
 Dominican Republic1958199419942009—
 Ecuador1954197919792020—
 Egypt195219921992——
 El Salvador1953197819782007—
 Equatorial Guinea198619861986——
 Eritrea2000————
 Estonia19931993199320082009
 Ethiopia196919941994S—
 Fiji1971200820082008—
 Finland19551980198020091980
 France1951200119842009—
 Gabon196519801980——
 The Gambia196619891989——
 Georgia1993199319932007—
 Germany19541991199120091991
 Ghana195819781978S—
 Greece19561989199320091998
 Grenada198119981998——
 Guatemala1952198719872008—
 Guinea198419841984—1993
 Guinea-Bissau197419861986——
 Guyana1968199819982009—
 Haiti195720062006S—
 Holy See195119851985——
 Honduras1965199519952006—
 Hungary19541989198920061991
 Iceland19651987198720061987
 India1950————
 Indonesia1958————
 Iran1957SS——
 Iraq19562010———
 Ireland196219991999S1999
 Israel1951——2007—
 Italy19511986198620091986
 Jamaica196419861986S—
 Japan195320042004—2004
 Jordan195119791979——
 Kazakhstan1992199219922009—
 Kenya1966199919992013—
 Kiribati1989————
 North Korea19571988———
 South Korea196619821982S2004
 Kuwait196719851985—2013
 Kyrgyzstan1992199219922019—
 Laos195619801980—1998
 Latvia1991199119912007—
 Lebanon195119971997——
 Lesotho19681994199420202010
 Liberia195419881988——
 Libya195619781978——
 Liechtenstein19501989198920061989
 Lithuania19962000200020072000
 Luxembourg19531989198920151993
 North Macedonia19931993199320081993
 Madagascar19631992199220181993
 Malawi196819911991—2014
 Malaysia1962————
 Maldives199119911991——
 Mali196519891989—2003
 Malta196819891989S1989
 Marshall Islands2004————
 Mauritania196219801980——
 Mauritius197019821982——
 Mexico19521983—2008—
 Federated States of Micronesia199519951995——
 Moldova1993199319932008—
 Monaco19502000200020072007
 Mongolia195819951995—1995
 Montenegro200620062006—2007
 Morocco195620112011——
 Mozambique198319832002——
 Myanmar1992————
 Namibia199119941994—1994The United Nations Council for Namibia acceded to Conventions I–IV and Protocols I–II in 1983.[19] Namibia succeeded to Conventions I-IV in 1991,[20] and Protocols I-II in 1994.[21]
 Nauru2006200620062012—
   Nepal1964——S—
 Netherlands19541987198720061987Conventions I–IV and Protocols I–III have been extended to Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and the Caribbean Netherlands.[22][23][24][Note 3]
 New Zealand19591988198820131988  Niue is considered bound by New Zealand's ratification of Conventions I–IV in 1959 by the International Committee of the Red Cross[25][26] on the basis of Niue's enactment of its own Geneva Conventions Act 1958.[27]

New Zealand declared that its ratification of Protocols I–II does not extend to the  Cook Islands (which subsequently independently ratified the Protocols),  Niue and  Tokelau.[28]

 Nicaragua1953199919992009—
 Niger196419791979——
 Nigeria196119881988——
 Norway19511981198120061981
 Oman197419841984——
 Pakistan1951SS——
 Palau199619961996——
 Palestine20142014201520152018The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) unilaterally declared itself bound by Conventions I–IV and Protocol I in 1982.[29]
In 1989, the PLO submitted a letter to the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs which stated in part that the State of Palestine had decided to "adhere to the Four Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and the two Protocols additional thereto."[30] However, the Swiss Government, which acts as the depositary for the Conventions, responded by stating that it was "not in a position to decide whether this communication can be considered as an instrument of accession" due to "the incertainty [sic] within the international community as to the existence or non-existence of a State of Palestine."[29][30] In 1990, the PLO submitted a "Memorandum on the accession of the State of Palestine to the four Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949" to the depository and requested that the issue be reconsidered. However, the Swiss Government reiterated its prior conclusions.[31]
Following the United Nations General Assembly passing a resolution granting non-member observer state status to Palestine in November 2012, Palestine acceded to Conventions I-IV and Protocol I in April 2014.[32] In January 2015 Palestine acceded to Protocols II and III.[33]
 Panama19561995199520121999
 Papua New Guinea1976————
 Paraguay19611990199020081998
 Peru1956198919892018—
 Philippines1951 (I)
1952 (II–IV)		201219862006—
 Poland19541991199120091992
 Portugal19611992199220141994
 Qatar197519882005—1991
 Romania19541990199020151995
 Russia195419891989S1989Conventions I–IV and Protocols I and II ratified as the  Soviet Union.
Declaration under Article 90 of Protocol 1 withdrawn in 2019.[34][35]
 Rwanda196419841984—1993
 Saint Kitts and Nevis198619861986—2014
 Saint Lucia198119821982——
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines198119831983—2013
 Samoa198419841984——
 San Marino1953199419942007—
 Sao Tome and Principe197619961996——
 Saudi Arabia196319872001——
 Senegal196319851985——
 Serbia20012001200120102001Conventions I–IV and Protocols I–II ratified as the  Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
 Seychelles198419841984—1992
 Sierra Leone196519861986S—
 Singapore1973——2008—
 Slovakia19931993199320071995
 Slovenia19921992199220081992
 Solomon Islands198119881988——
 Somalia1962————
 South Africa195219951995——
 South Sudan2013201320132013—
 Spain19521989198920101989
 Sri Lanka1959————
 Sudan195720062006——
 Suriname1976198519852013—
 Eswatini197319951995——
 Sweden19531979197920141979
  Switzerland19501982198220061982
 Syria19531983———
 Tajikistan199319931993—1997
 Tanzania196219831983S—Conventions I–IV ratified as  Tanganyika.
 Thailand1954————
 Timor-Leste2003200520052011—
 Togo196219841984S1991
 Tonga197820032003—2003
 Trinidad and Tobago196320012001—2001
 Tunisia195719791979——
 Turkey1954——S—
 Turkmenistan199219921992——
 Tuvalu1981————
 Uganda1964199119912008—
 Ukraine19541990199020101990Conventions I–IV and Protocols I–II ratified as the  Ukrainian SSR.
 United Arab Emirates197219831983—1992
 United Kingdom19571998199820091999Protocols I–III have been extended to all three Crown dependencies and to 13 of the 14 British Overseas Territories (excluding Gibraltar).[36][37][38]
 United States1955SS2007—Signed in 1949.[39] Ratified June 9, 1955.[40]

Protocols I–II not ratified

 Uruguay19691985198520121990
 Uzbekistan199319931993——
 Vanuatu198219851985——
 Venezuela195619981998——
 Vietnam19571981———Conventions I–IV ratified as the  North Vietnam.[4]
Also ratified by the State of Vietnam in 1953 and the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam in 1973 prior to Vietnamese reunification.[4]
 Yemen197019901990——Conventions I–IV and Protocols I–II ratified as  North Yemen.[4][41]
Conventions I–IV also ratified by  South Yemen in 1977 prior to Yemeni unification.[42]
 Zambia196619951995——
 Zimbabwe198319921992——
Totals
Ratified1961741697976
Signed only03320N/A

Notes

Former states parties

The following states were party to the Geneva Conventions I–IV, but their ratifications have not been recognised as applying to any succeeding state under international law:

Authorities making a unilateral declaration

Article 96.3 of Protocol I allows for an "authority representing a people engaged against a High Contracting Party in an armed conflict" to make a unilateral declaration to apply the four Conventions and Protocol I with respect to that conflict. As of 2015 this provision has been utilized by the Polisario Front in 2015.

Authority[43]Year of declarationConflict
Polisario Front2015[44]Western Sahara conflict with Morocco

Parties to the 1864 Geneva Convention

The first ten articles of the First Geneva Convention were concluded in 1864. This was the original Geneva Convention. The following states were parties to the 1864 Geneva Convention.

State[45]GC 1864[Note 1]Notes
Argentina1879
 Austria1866
Baden1864Original signatory.
 Bavaria1866Represented by Joseph Théodore Dompierre in the negotiations
 Belgium1864Original signatory.
 Bolivia1879
 Brazil1906
Bulgaria1884
 British Cape Colony1896The Union of South Africa was recognized as the successor state of this ratification.
 Chile1879
 China1904
 Colombia1906
 Congo Free State1888
 Cuba1907
 Denmark1864Original signatory.
 Dominican Republic1907
 Ecuador1907
 El Salvador1874
France1864Original signatory.
 Germany1906
 Greece1865
 Guatemala1903
 Haiti1907
 Hesse1866Original signatory.
Holy See1868
 Honduras1898
Persia1874
 Italy1864Original signatory.
 Japan1886
 Korea1903[46]
 Luxembourg1888
Mecklenburg-Schwerin1895
 Mexico1905
 Montenegro1875
 Netherlands1864Original signatory.
 Nicaragua1898
 Orange Free State1897[47]
 Ottoman Empire1865
 Panama1907
 Paraguay1907
 Peru1880
 Portugal1866Original signatory.
 Prussia1865Original signatory.
Romania1874
 Russia1867
 Saxony1866
Serbia1876
Spain1864Original signatory.
 Sweden and Norway1864
  Switzerland1864Original signatory.
Siam1895
 United Kingdom1865
 United States1882
 Uruguay1900
 Venezuela1894
Württemberg1864Original signatory.
Notes

References


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