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List of neutrino experiments

Neutrino experiments are scientific studies investigating the properties of neutrinos, which are subatomic particles that are very difficult to detect due to their weak interactions with matter. Neutrino experiments are essential for understanding the fundamental properties of matter and the universe's behaviour at the subatomic level. Here is a non-exhaustive list of neutrino experiments, neutrino detectors, and neutrino telescopes.

AbbreviationFull nameSensitivity[a]TypeInduced reactionType of reaction[b]DetectorType of detectorThreshold energyLocationOperationHome page
ANNIEAccelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction ExperimentSciBooNE Hall, Illinois, United Statesfuture[1]
ANTARESAstronomy with a Neutrino Telescope and Abyss Environmental RESearchATM, CR, AGN, PUL
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ		SeawaterCherenkovMediterranean Sea, France2006–[2]
ARIANNAAntarctic Ross Ice-Shelf ANtenna Neutrino ArrayS, CR, AGN, ?
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ		Ross Ice Shelf, Antarcticafuture[3]
BDUNT (NT-200+)
Baikal-GVD		Baikal Deep Underwater Neutrino Telescope /
Gigaton Volume Detector		S, ATM, LS, AGN, PUL
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ		CC, NCWater (H2O)Cherenkov≈10 GeVLake Baikal, Russia1993–[4]
[5]
BOREXINOBORon EXperimentLS
ν
e
ν
x +
e−
 →
ν
x +
e−
 		ESLOS shielded by waterScintillation250–665 keVGran Sasso, ItalyMay 2007–[6] [7]
BUSTBaksan Underground Scintillation TelescopeScintillationBaksan River valley, Russia1977–[8]
CCMCoherent CAPTAIN-MillsAC
ν
e		CCLiquid ArgonScintillation50 keVLos Alamos Neutron Science Center2019-[9]
CHANDLERCarbon Hydrogen AntiNeutrino Detector with a Lithium Enhanced Raghavan-optical-latticeR
ν
e
ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
CCWLS Plastic Scintillating Cubes and Lithium-6-loaded Zinc Sulfide SheetsScintillation1.8 MeVNorth Anna, Virginia, USJune 2017-[10]
CLEANCryogenic Low-Energy Astrophysics with NeonLS, SN, WIMP
ν
e
ν
x +
e−
 →
ν
x +
e−


ν
e + 20
Ne
 →
ν
e + 20
Ne

ES
ES		Liquid Ne (10 t)ScintillationSNOLAB
Ontario, Canada		future[11]
COBRACadmium zinc telluride 0-neutrino double-Beta Research Apparatus64
Zn
 +
e−
 → 64
Ni
 +
e+
70
Zn
 → 70
Ge
 +
e−
 +
e−
106
Cd
 → 106
Pd
 +
e+
 +
e+
108
Cd
 +
e−
 +
e−
 → 108
Pd
114
Cd
 → 114
Sn
 +
e−
 +
e−
116
Cd
 → 116
Sn
 +
e−
 +
e−
120
Te
 +
e−
 → 120
Sn
 +
e+
128
Te
 → 128
Xe
 +
e−
 +
e−
130
Te
 → 130
Xe
 +
e−
 +
e−
BBCadmium zinc tellurideGran Sasso, Italy2007–[12]
COHERENTCOHERENTAC
ν
μ,
ν
μ,
ν
e
ν
 + nucleus →
ν
 + nucleus		NCCsI[Na], NaI[Tl], HPGe, LArCoherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS)few keV nuclear recoil energySpallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National LaboratoryNov 2016-[13]
Daya BayDaya Bay Reactor Neutrino ExperimentR
ν
e
ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
CCGd-doped LAB (LOS)Scintillation1.8 MeVDaya Bay, China2011–2020[14]
Double ChoozDouble Chooz Reactor Neutrino ExperimentR
ν
e
ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
CCGd-doped LOSScintillation1.8 MeVChooz, France2011–2017[15]
DUNEDeep Underground Neutrino ExperimentAC, ATM, (S), SNallNC, CC, (ES)Liquid argonScintillation & Time projection chamberaround 10 MeVSanford Underground Research Facilityconstruction start 2017[16]
ENUBETEnhanced NeUtrino BEams from kaon TaggingAC
ν
e,
ν
μ

ν
e,
ν
μ
ν
e +
n
 →
e−
 +
p
 (+π, +X)

ν
μ +
n
 →
μ−
 +
p
 (+π, +X)


ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
 (+π, +X)

ν
μ +
p
 →
μ+
 +
n
 (+π, +X)

CC

(NC)

future[17]
ESSnuSBThe European Spallation Source neutrino Super BeamAC
ν
μ,
ν
μ(Background:
ν
e,
ν
e)		WaterWater Cherenkov MEMPHYS detector0.36 GeVGarpenberg, Lund, Swedenfuture by 2023[1][2][18]
FASERForwArd Search ExpeRimentC
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ
ν
 + N →
ℓ
 + X		CC + NCTungstenEmulsion>10 GeVLarge Hadron Collider2022-[19]
EXO-200Enriched Xenon Observatory134
Xe
 → 134
Ba
 +
e−
 +
e−
136
Xe
 → 136
Ba
 +
e−
 +
e−
BBLiquid XenonWIPP, New Mexico2009–[20]
GALLEXGALLium EXperimentLS
ν
e
ν
e + 71
Ga
 → 71
Ge
 +
e−
 		CCGaCl3 (30 t)Radiochemical233.2 keVGran Sasso, Italy1991–1997[21]
GERDAThe GERmanium Detector ArrayBB
ν
e		76
Ge
 → 76
As
 +
e−
 +
e−
BBHPGeSemiconductorGran Sasso, Italy[22]
GRANDGiant Radio Array for Neutrino DetectionAGN, CR, ?
ν
τ
ν
τ + N →
τ−
 + X		CCElectromagnetic waves caused by
τ−
 through extensive air showers in the atmosphere.		Radio1017 eVChinaProposed[23]
HALOHelium And Lead ObservatorySN
ν
e,
ν
x
ν
e + 208
Pb
 →
e−
 + 209
Bi
*

ν
 + 208
Pb
 →
ν
 + 208
Pb
* 		CC, NCLead (79 t) and 3HeHigh-Z≈10 MeVCreighton Mine, Ontario2012–[24]
HERONHelium Roton Observation of NeutrinosLS
ν
e (mainly)
ν
e +
e−
 →
ν
e +
e−
 		NCSuperfluid HeRotational excitation1 MeVfuture[25]
HOMESTAKE–CHLORINEHomestake chlorine experimentS
ν
e		37
Cl
 +
ν
e → 37
Ar
* +
e−
37
Ar
* → 37
Cl
 +
e+
 +
ν
e 		CCC2Cl4 (615 t)Radiochemical814 keVHomestake Mine, South Dakota1967–1998[26]
HOMESTAKE–IODINEHomestake iodine experimentS
ν
e
ν
 +
e−
 →
ν
 +
e−

ν
e + 127
I
 → 127
Xe
 +
e−
 		ES
CC		NaI in waterRadiochemical789 keVHomestake Mine, South Dakotafuture[27]
Hyper-KamiokandeHyper-KamiokandeS, ATM, SN, AC
ν
e,
ν
μ

ν
e,
ν
μ
ν
e +
e−
 →
ν
e +
e−


ν
e +
n
 →
e−
 +
p
 (+π, +X)

ν
μ +
n
 →
μ−
 +
p
 (+π, +X)

ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
 (+π, +X)

ν
μ +
p
 →
μ+
 +
n
 (+π, +X)

ES, CC, (NC)waterCherenkov200 MeVTokai and Kamioka, Japan2027-
(under construction)		[28]
ICARUSImaging Cosmic And Rare Underground SignalS, ATM, GSN
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ
ν
 +
e−
 →
ν
 +
e−
 		ESLiquid ArCherenkov5.9 MeVGran Sasso, Italy2010–[29]
IceCubeIceCube Neutrino DetectorATM, CR, AGN, ?
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ
ν
 + N →
ν
 + Cascade ,
ν
 + N → Charged lepton + Cascade 		CC, NCWater ice (1 km3)Cherenkov≈10 GeVSouth Pole, Antarctica2006–[30]
India-based Neutrino ObservatoryIron Calorimeter Detector @ India-based Neutrino ObservatoryATM
ν
μ
ν
μ+Fe→
μ−
+X		CC (dominant), NCMagnetised iron (50 kton)RPC active detector elements≈0.6 GeVTheni, Tamil Nadu, India2012– (lab construction); 2018– (detector operation)[31]
JUNOJiangmen Underground Neutrino ObservatoryR
ν
e
ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
CCLAB (LOS) + PPO + Bis-MSBScintillationKaiping, China2014– (construction)[32]
KamiokandeKamioka Nucleon Decay ExperimentS, ATM
ν
e
ν
 +
e−
 →
ν
 +
e−
 		ESWater (H2O)Cherenkov7.5 MeVKamioka, Japan1986–1995[33]
KamLANDKamioka Liquid Scintillator Antineutrino DetectorR
ν
e
ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
CCLOSScintillation1.8 MeVKamioka, Japan2002–[34]
KM3NeTKM3 Neutrino TelescopeS, ATM, CR, SN, AGN, PUL
ν
μ,
ν
e,
ν
τ		Sea water (≈5 km3)CherenkovMediterranean Sea2014–[35]
LAGUNALarge Apparatus studying Grand Unification and Neutrino Astrophysicsfuture[36]
LENSLow Energy Neutrino SpectroscopyLS
ν
e
ν
e + 115
In
 → 115
Sn
 +
ν
e + 2
γ
 		CCIn-doped LOSScintillation120 keVproposed[37] [38]
Majorana DemonstratorThe Majorana DemonstratorBB
ν
e		76
Ge
 → 76
As
 +
e−
 +
e−
BBHPGeSemiconductor2039 keVHomestake Mine, South Dakotaconstruction start 2012[39]
MicroBooNEAC, SN
ν
e,
ν
μ 		ES, NC, CCLiquid ArgonTPCfew MeVIllinois, United States2014-[40]
MINERvAMain Injector ExpeRiment for v-AAC
ν
μ		manyCC, NCSolid scintillator, targets of Liquid helium, Carbon, Water, Iron, LeadScintillation≈0.5 GeVIllinois, United States2009–2019[41]
MiniBooNEMini Booster Neutrino ExperimentAC
ν
e,
ν
μ
ν
e + 12
C
 →
e−
 + X		CCMineral oil (1000 t)Cherenkov≈100 keVIllinois, United States2002–[42]
MINOSMain Injector Neutrino Oscillation SearchAC, ATM
ν
e,
ν
μ
ν
μ+nucleus →
μ−
+X		CC, NCSolid scintillatorScintillation≈0.5 GeVIllinois and Minnesota, United States2005–2012[43]
MINOS+Upgraded electronics for MINOSAC, ATM
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
μ+nucleus →
μ−
+X		CC, NCSolid scintillatorScintillation≈0.5 GeVIllinois and Minnesota, United States2013–[44]
MOONMolybdenum Observatory Of NeutrinosLS, LSN
ν
e
ν
e + 100
Mo
 → 100
Tc
 +
e−
 		CC100
Mo
 (1 kt) + MoF6 (gas)		Scintillation168 keVWashington, United States[45]
NEMO-3Neutrino Ettore Majorana ObservatoryBB
ν
e		100
Mo
 → 100
Ru
 + 2
e−

100
Se
 → 100
Kr
 + 2
e−

BBTracker + calorimeterHe+Ar wire chamber, plastic scintillators150 keVModane Underground Laboratory, Fréjus Road Tunnel, France2003–2011[46]
NEMO TelescopeNEutrino Mediterranean ObservatoryMediterranean Sea, Italy2007–[47]
NEVODCherenkov water detector NEVODATM, CR
ν
μ
ν
μ +
n
 →
μ−
 +
p

ν
μ +
p
 →
μ+
 +
n
 		CCWater (H2O)Cherenkov≈2 GeVMoscow, Russia1993–[48]
NEXTNeutrino Experiment with a Xenon Time Projection ChamberBB136
Xe
 → 136
Ba
 + 2
e−
BBGaseous XenonTime projection chamber≈10 keVCanfranc, Spain2016–[49]
NOνANuMI Off-Axis νe AppearanceAC
ν
e,
ν
μ
ν
e+nucleus →
e−
+X		CCLiquid scintillatorScintillation≈0.1 GeVIllinois and Minnesota, United States2011–[50]
OPERAOscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking ApparatusAC
ν
τ
ν
τ+nucleus →
τ−
+X		CCLead/EmulsionNuclear Emulsion≈1.0 GeVLNGS (Italy) and CERN2008–[51]
AugerPierre Auger ObservatoryCRCherenkovArgentina[52]
RENOReactor Experiment for Neutrino OscillationR
ν
e
ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
CCGd-doped LOSScintillation1.8 MeVSouth Korea2011–
RNO-GRadio Neutrino Observatory GreenlandCR, AGN, ?
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ		CC, NCIn-IceRadio>10 PeVSummit Camp, Greenland2021–[53]
SAGESoviet–American Gallium ExperimentLS
ν
e
ν
e + 71
Ga
 → 71
Ge
 +
e−
 		CCGa (metallic)Radiochemical233.2 keVBaksan River valley, Russia1989–[54]
SciBooNESciBar (Scintillator Bar) Booster Neutrino ExperimentAC
ν
μ
ν
μ + 12
C
 →
μ−
 + X		CC, NCPlastic (CH,10 ton)Scintillation≈100 keVIllinois, United States2007–2008[55]
SNOSudbury Neutrino ObservatoryS, ATM, GSN
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ
ν
e + 2
D
 → 2
p
 +
e−

ν
x + 2
D
 →
ν
x +
n
 +
p

ν
e +
e−
 →
ν
e +
e−
 		CC
NC
ES		Heavy water (1 kt D2O)Cherenkov3.5 MeVCreighton Mine, Ontario1999–2006[56]
SNO+SNO with liquid scintillatorS,LS,R,T,

SN,LSN


ν
e
ν
x +
e−
 →
ν
x +
e−


ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n

ES, BBlinear alkylbenzene (LAB) + PPOScintillation≈≤1MeVCreighton Mine, Ontario2014–[57]
SoLidShort baseline Oscillation Search with Lithium-6 DetectorR
ν
e
ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
CCplastic and anorganic scintillatorScintillation≈2 MeVMol, Belgium2015-[58]
STEREOSTErile neutrino REactor Oscillation experimentR
ν
e
ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
CCliquid organic scintillator loaded with GdScintillation≈2 MeVGrenoble, France2013–[59]
Super-KSuper-KamiokandeS, ATM, GSN
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ
ν
e +
e−
 →
ν
e +
e−

ν
e +
n
 →
e−
 +
p

ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
 		ES
CC
CC		Water (H2O)Cherenkov200 MeVKamioka, Japan1996–[60] [61]
SuperNEMOSuperNEMOBB
ν
e		100
Se
 → 100
Kr
 + 2
e−
150
Nd
 → 150
Sm
 + 2
e−
BBTracker + calorimeterHe+Ar wire chamber, plastic scintillators150 keVModane Underground Laboratory, Fréjus Road Tunnel, France2017–[62]
TRIDENTTRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino TelescopeS, ATM, CR, SN, AGN, PUL
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ		CC, NCSeawater (7.5 cubic km)CherenkovWestern Pacific OceanProposed

Pilot: 2026
Full operation: 2030

[63]
T2KTokai to KamiokaAC
ν
e,
ν
μ

ν
e,
ν
μ
ν
e +
n
 →
e−
 +
p
 (+π, +X)

ν
μ +
n
 →
μ−
 +
p
 (+π, +X)


ν
e +
p
 →
e+
 +
n
 (+π, +X)

ν
μ +
p
 →
μ+
 +
n
 (+π, +X)

CC

(NC)

Water (H2O)Cherenkov
200 MeV
Tokai, Japan Kamioka, Japan2011–[64]
UNOUnderground Nucleon decay and neutrino ObservatoryS, ATM, GSN, RSN
ν
e,
ν
μ,
ν
τ
ν
e +
e−
 →
ν
e +
e−
 		ESWater (440 kt H2O)CherenkovHenderson Mine, Coloradoabandoned[65]

^[a] Accelerator neutrino (AC), Active galactic nuclei neutrino (AGN), Atmospheric neutrino (ATM), Collider neutrino (C), Cosmic ray neutrino (CR), Low-energy solar neutrino (LS), Low-energy supernova neutrino (LSN), Pulsar neutrino (PUL), Reactor neutrino (R), Solar neutrino (S), Supernova neutrino (SN), Terrestrial neutrino (T).
^[b] Double beta decay (BB), Charged current (CC), Elastic scattering (ES), Neutral current (NC).

See also

References

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