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List of monarchs of Punjab

This article lists the monarchs of Punjab from the ancient kingdom of Sindhu-Sauvīra around 1000 BC until the deposition of the Sikh Empire in 1849.[1]

Maharaja of Punjab
Last to reign
Duleep Singh
15 September 1843 – 29 March 1849
Details
StyleMaharaja
Sultan
Raja
Nawab
Sardar
First monarch
  • Udayana 6th century – 5th century BC (first known ruler)
Last monarchDuleep Singh 1843–1849 (as Maharaja of Punjab)
Formation11th century BC
Abolition29 March 1849
ResidenceAttock Fort
Bhatinda Fort
Rohtas Fort
Akal Takht
Takht Kesgarh Sahib
Takht Sri Damdama Sahib
Takht Sri Patna Sahib
Takht Sri Hazur Sahib
Derawar Fort
Lahore Fort
Phillaur Fort
Darbar Mahal
Pharwala Fort
Qila Mubarak
Multan Fort
Sheikhupura Fort
AppointerHereditary
Pretender(s)none
(House extinct)

Sindhu-Sauvīra

  • Udayana or Udrayana or Rudrayana (6th to 5th century BC)
  • Kesikumara (5th century BC)

Achaemenid Empire (513 – 338 BC)

The Achaemenid Empire at its greatest extent
NameImageCommentsDates
Darius I King of Persia in addition to Pharaoh of Egypt. Cousin of Cambyses II and Bardiya.513–486 BC
Xerxes I King of Persia in addition to Pharaoh of Egypt486–465 BC
Artaxerxes I King of Persia in addition to Pharaoh of Egypt465–424 BC
Xerxes IIKing of Persia in addition to Pharaoh of Egypt. Assassinated by his half-brother and successor, Sogdianus.424 BC (45 days)
SogdianusKing of Persia in addition to Pharaoh of Egypt424–423 BC
Darius II King of Persia in addition to Pharaoh of Egypt. His birth name was Ochus.423–405 BC
Artaxerxes II King of Persia. Ruling for 47 years, Artaxerxes II was the longest reigning Achaemenid king. His birth name was Arses.405–358 BC
Artaxerxes III King of Persia in addition to Pharaoh of Egypt, having re-conquered the land after it was lost during the reign of Artaxerxes II. His birth name was Ochus.358–338 BC

Pauravas

  • Porus (before 326 BC, probably 338 BC – between 321 and 315 BC)

Macedonian Empire (326 – 316 BC)

The Macedonian Empire at its greatest extent
NameReignSuccessionLife details
Alexander III "the Great"326 – 323
(3 years)		Son of Philip II356 – 10/11 June 323
(aged 33)
Conquered the entirety of the Persian Empire; died of illness at Babylon[2]
Philip III Arrhidaeus323 – 317
(6 years)		Son of Philip II; co-ruler with Alexander IVc. 358 – 317
(aged 41)[3]
Owing to his diminished mental capacity, Philip never ruled in his own right and instead went through a series of regents; executed by Olympias.[4]
Alexander IV323 – 316
(7 years)		Son of Alexander III; co-ruler with Philip III323 – 316
(aged 13)
Due to his age, Alexander never ruled in his own right. Alexander III's mother, Olympias, guarded him until her execution in 316; murdered by Cassander.[4]

Maurya Empire (322 – 184 BC)

The Maurya Empire at its greatest extent
RulerReignNotes
Chandragupta Maurya322–297 BCEFounder of first Indian united empire.
Bindusara 297–273 BCEKnown for his foreign diplomacy and crushed of Vidarbha revolt.
Ashoka 268–232 BCEGreatest emperor of dynasty. His son Kunala was blinded and died before his father. Ashoka was succeeded by his grandson. Also known for Kalinga War victory.
Dasharatha Maurya 232–224 BCEGrandson of Ashoka.
Samprati224–215 BCEBrother of Dasharatha.
Shalishuka 215–202 BCE
Devavarman202–195 BCE
Shatadhanvan195–187 BCEThe Mauryan Empire had shrunk by the time of his reign
Brihadratha187–184 BCEAssassinated by his Commander-in-chief Pushyamitra Shunga in 185 BCE.

Indo-Greeks (200 – 20 BC)

map of Indo-Greeks and their expansion into India
Greco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek kings, their coins, territories and chronology
Based on Bopearachchi (1991)[5]
Greco-Bactrian kingsIndo-Greek kings
Territories/
dates		West BactriaEast BactriaParopamisade
ArachosiaGandharaWestern PunjabEastern PunjabMathura
200–190 BCDemetrius I
190–185 BCEuthydemus II
190–180 BCAgathocles Pantaleon
185–170 BCAntimachus I
180–160 BCApollodotus I
175–170 BCDemetrius II
160–155 BCAntimachus II
170–145 BCEucratides
155–130 BCYuezhi occupation,
loss of Ai-Khanoum		Eucratides II
Plato
Heliocles I 		Menander I
130–120 BCYuezhi occupationZoilos I Agathokleia
Yavanarajya
inscription
120–110 BCLysias Strato I
110–100 BCAntialcidas Heliokles II
100 BCPolyxenos Demetrius III
100–95 BCPhiloxenus
95–90 BCDiomedes Amyntas Epander
90 BCTheophilos Peukolaos Thraso
90–85 BCNicias Menander II Artemidoros
90–70 BCHermaeus Archebius
Yuezhi occupationMaues (Indo-Scythian)
75–70 BCTelephos Apollodotus II
65–55 BCHippostratos Dionysios
55–35 BCAzes I (Indo-Scythian)Zoilos II
55–35 BCApollophanes
25 BC – AD 10Strato II and Strato III
Zoilos III/ Bhadayasa
Rajuvula (Indo-Scythian)

Northern Satraps

Northern Satraps in early 1st century
RulerImageTitleApprox. datesMentions
Hagamasha Satrap1st century BCEIn the archaeological excavations of Sonkh, near Mathura, the earliest coins of the Kshatrapa levels were those of Hagamasha.[6]
Hagana Satrap1st century BCE
Rajuvula Great Satrapearly 1st century BCE
Bhadayasa Satrap1st century CEPossible successor of Rajuvula in Eastern Punjab
Sodasa Satrap1st century CESon of Rajuvula in Mathura
Kharapallana
Ksatrapena Vanasparena Kharapallanena
Great Satrapc. CE 130Great Satrap for Kushan ruler Kanishka I
Vanaspara
Ksatrapena Vanasparena Kharapallanena
Satrapc. CE 130Satrap for Kushan ruler Kanishka I

Indo-Parthians (15 BC – 50 AD)

Indo-Parthians at their greatest extent, c. 40 CE

Kushan Empire (50 – 350 AD)

"Little Kushans";

Gupta Empire (335 – 495 AD)

Locator map of the Gupta Empire
RulerReign (CE)Notes
Sri-Gupta I c. late 3rd century CEFounder of the dynasty.
Ghatotkacha 280/290–319 CE
Chandra-Gupta I 319–335 CEHis title Maharajadhiraja ("king of great kings") suggests that he was the first emperor of the dynasty. It is not certain how he turned his small ancestral kingdom into an empire, although a widely accepted theory among modern historians is that his marriage to the Licchavi princess Kumaradevi helped him extend his political power.
Samudra-Gupta 335–375 CEDefeated several kings of northern India, and annexed their territories to his empire. He also marched along the south-eastern coast of India, advancing as far as the Pallava kingdom. In addition, he subjugated several frontier kingdoms and tribal oligarchies. His empire extended from Ravi River in the west to the Brahmaputra River in the east, and from the Himalayan foothills in the north to central India in the south-west; several rulers along the south-eastern coast were his tributaries.
Kacha mid 4th century CERival brother/king, possibly an usurper, there are coins who attest him as ruler; possibly identical with Samudra-Gupta.
Rama-Gupta
Chandra-Gupta II Vikramaditya 375–415 CEContinued the expansionist policy of his father Samudragupta: historical evidence suggests that he defeated the Western Kshatrapas, and extended the Gupta empire from the Indus River in the west to the Bengal region in the east, and from the Himalayan foothills in the north to the Narmada River in the south.
Kumara-Gupta I 415–455 CEHe seems to have maintained control of his inherited territory, which extended from Gujarat in the west to Bengal region in the east.
Skanda-Gupta 455–467 CEIt is stated that he restored the fallen fortunes of the Gupta family, which has led to suggestions that during his predecessor's last years, the Empire may have suffered reverses, possibly against the Pushyamitras or the Hunas. He is generally considered the last of the great Gupta Emperors.
Puru-Gupta467–473 CE
Kumara-Gupta II Kramaditya 473–476 CE
Buddha-Gupta 476–495 CEHe had close ties with the rulers of Kannauj and together they sought to run the Alchon Huns (Hunas) out of the fertile plains of Northern India.

Kidarite Huns (390 – 455 AD)

Kidarite Huns at their greatest extent, c. 400 AD
Yosadac.335 CE[8]
(Unknown)fl. 388/400
Varhran (II)fl. c. 425
Gobozikofl. c. 450

Alchon Huns (470 – 550 AD)

Alchon Huns at their greatest extent under Mihirakula, c. 500 CE

Taank Kingdom (550 – 822)

Taank Kingdom (in purple) alongside other South Asian polities, c. 700 AD

The Taanks (Takkas) were people from a variety of clans forming a kingdom. The rulers of the kingdom are only known from sources of chronicles and minted coins.[9] During this rule (630 AD), Lahore was said to have been visited by the Chinese pilgrim Hieun Tsang. He described it as a great Brahmin city.

Note: Not listed chronologically.

  • Ratapat
  • Bahurpal
  • Sahajpal
  • Madanpal

Chamba State (550 – 1948)

State of Chamba next to the State of Kangra, c. 1911
  • Raja Yugakar Verman
  • Raja Vidagdha Verman
  • Raja Dodaka Verman
  • Raja Vichitra Verman
  • Raja Dhariya Verman
  • Raja Salavahana Verman
  • Raja Soma Varman
  • Raja Asata Varman
  • Raja Jasata Verman
  • Raja Dhala Verman
  • Raja Udayan Varman
  • Raja Anand Verman
  • Raja Ganesa Verman
  • Raja Pratap Singh Verman, (from 1559 to 1586)
  • Raja Vir Vahnu Verman (1586 to 1589)
  • Raja Balbhadra Verman (1589 to 1641) as Chamba.
  • 1690 - 1720 Udai Singh (b. ... - d. 1720)
  • 1720 - 1735 Ugar Singh
  • 1735 - 1794 Raj Singh (b. 1735 - d. 1794)
  • 1794 - 1808 Jit Singh (b. 1775 - d. 1808)
  • 1808 - 1844 Charhat Singh (b. 1803 - d. 1844)
  • 1844 - 1870 Shri Singh (b. 1839 - d. 1870)
  • 1870 - Apr 1873 Gopal Singh (b. 18... - d. 1893)
  • 17 Apr 1873 – 22 Jan 1904 Sham Singh (b. 1866 - d. 1905)
  • 22 Jan 1904 – 22 Sep 1919 Bhuri Singh (b. 1869 - d. 1919)
  • 22 Sep 1919 - 7 Dec 1935 Ram Singh (b. 1890 - d. 1935)
  • 7 Dec 1935 – 15 Aug 1947 Tikka Lakshman Singh (b. 1924 - d. 1971)[10]

Brahmin dynasty (632 – 712)

Brahmin (Chacha) dynasty at its greatest extent
  • Chach (r. c. 632 – c. 671– )
  • Chandar (r. c. 671 – c. 679– )
  • Dāhir (r. c. 679 – c. 712–  from Alor)

Umayyad Caliphate (712 – 750)

Umayyad Caliphate at its greatest extent (c. 750)
CaliphReign
Caliphs of Damascus
al-Walid I ibn Abd al-Malik712 – 23 February 715
Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik23 February 715 – 22 September 717
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz22 September 717 – 4 February 720
Yazid II ibn Abd al-Malik4 February 720 – 26 January 724
Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik26 January 724 – 6 February 743
al-Walid II ibn Yazid6 February 743 – 17 April 744
Yazid III ibn al-Walid17 April 744 – 4 October 744
Ibrahim ibn al-Walid4 October 744 – 4 December 744
Marwan II ibn Muhammad (ruled from Harran in the Jazira)4 December 744 – 25 January 750

Abbasid Caliphate (750 – 855)

Abbasid Caliphate at its greatest extent (c. 850), Abbasids ruled Multan until the start of Anarchy in 861
Image/CoinRegnal namePersonal nameBornReigned fromReigned untilDiedParents
Al-SāffaḥAbul-'Abbās 'Abdallah72125 January 75010 June 754
Al-MansurAbu Ja'far 'Abdallah71410 June 754775
Al-MahdiAbu 'Abdallah Muhammad744/7457754 August 785
Al-HadiAbu Muhammad Musa764August 78514 September 786
Al-RashidHarun763/76614 September 78624 March 809
Al-AminMuhammad787March 80924/25 September 813
Al-Ma'munAbu al-Abbas 'Abdallah13/14 September 786September 8139 August 833
Al-Mu'tasimAbū Ishaq MuhammadOctober 7969 August 8335 January 842

Al-WathiqAbu Ja'far Harun811–8135 January 84210 August 847

Al-MutawakkilJa'farFebruary/March 82210 August 84711 December 861
(assassinated)
Al-MuntasirAbu Ja'far MuhammadNovember 8378557 or 8 June 862

Hindu Shahi Kingdom (822 – 1026)

Hindu Shahis at their zenith before the Ghaznavid invasion
  • Lalliya Kallar (822 CE – 850 CE)
  • Kamala Toramana (850 – ??)
  • Bhimadeva (?? – ??)
  • Spalapati (?? – ??)
  • Samanta (around 900 – 950)
  • Jayapala (964 – 1001)
  • Anandpal (1001 – 1010)
  • Trilochanpala (1010 – 1021)
  • Bhimpala (1021 – 1026)

Emirate of Multan (855 – 1010)

Emirate of Multan centered around the city of Multan

Munnabih dynasty (855 – 959)

  • Muhammad Munabbih III (855 – 864)
  • Asad Qureshi (892 – early 900s, probably 918)
  • Hassan II (late 800s)
  • Ahmed II (late 800s – early 900s)
  • Munabbih I (912 – 913)
  • Muhammad Munabbih IV (913 – 920)
  • Munabbih II (920 – 930)
  • Fahad Munabbih (930 – 940)
  • Harun Munabbih (940 – 959)

Lodi dynasty (959 – 1010)

  • Jalam bin Shayban (959 – 985)
  • Hamid ibn Shayban (985 – 997)
  • Nasr ibn Hamid (997 – ??)
  • Abul Fateh Daud ibn Nasr (?? – 1010)

Ghaznavid Empire (1010 – 1186)

Map of the Ghaznavid dynasty at its greatest extent
#LaqabPersonal NameReignSuccession rightNotes
1Yamin ad-Dawlah Abu Qasim
یمین الدولہ ابو لقاسم
Right-hand man of the State		Mahmud1010–1030first son of Sabuktigin
2Jalal ad-Dawlah
جلال الدولہ
Dignity of the State		Muhammad1030
1st reign		second son of Mahmud
3Shihab ad-Dawlah
شھاب الدولہ
Star of the State		Masud I1030–1041first son of MahmudWas overthrown, imprisoned and executed, following the battle of Dandanaqan
—Jalal ad-Dawlah
جلال الدولہ
Dignity of the State		Muhammad1041
2nd reign		second son of MahmudRaised to the throne following the removal of Masud I.
4Shihab ad-Dawlah
شھاب الدولہ
Star of the State		Mawdud1041–1048son of Masud IDefeated Muhammad at the battle of Nangrahar and gained the throne.[11]
5?
?		Masud II1048son of Mawdud
6Baha ad-Dawlah
بھاء الدولہ
Splendor of the State		Ali1048–1049son of Masud I
7Izz ad-Dawlah
عز الدولہ
Glory of the State		Abd al-Rashid1049–1052fifth son of Mahmud
8Qiwam ad-Dawlah
قوام الدولہ
Support of the State		Toghrul1052–1053Turkish mamluk generalUsurped the Ghaznavid throne after massacring Abd al-Rashid and eleven other Ghaznavid princes.[12]
9Jamal ad-Dawlah
جمال الدولہ
Beauty of the state		Farrukh-Zad1053–1059son of Masud I
10Zahir ad-Dawlah
ظھیر الدولہ
Help of the State		Ibrahim1059–1099son of Masud I
13Ala ad-Dawlah
علاء الدولہ
Blessing of the State		Mas'ūd III1099–1115son of Ibrahim
11Kamal ad-Dawlah
کمال الدولہ
Perfection of the State		Shir-Zad1115–1116son of Masud IIIMurdered by his younger brother Arslan ibn Mas'ud.[13]
12Sultan ad-Dawlah
سلطان الدولہ
Sultan of the state		Arslan-Shah1116–1117son of Masud IIITook the throne from his older brother Shirzad, but faced a rebellion from his other brother Bahram Shah, who was supported by the sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire, Ahmad Sanjar.[14]
13Yamin ad-Dawlah
یمین الدولہ
Right-hand man of the state		Bahram Shah1117–1157son of Masud IIIUnder Bahram-Shah, the Ghaznavid empire became a tributary of the Great Seljuq Empire. Bahram was assisted by Ahmad Sanjar, sultan of the Great Seljuq empire, in securing his throne.[15]
14Muizz ad-Dawlah
معزالدولہ
Honor of the State		Khusrau Shah1157–1160son of Bahram-Shah
15Taj ad-Dawlah
تاج الدولہ
Crown of the state		Khusrau Malik1160–1186son of Khusrau-Shah

Ghurid Empire (1186 – 1206)

Map of the Ghurid dynasty at its greatest extent by the year 1202
CoinageTitular Name(s)Personal NameReign
Sultan Abul-Fateh
سلطان ابوالفتح		Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad
غیاث‌ الدین محمد		1163–1203
Sultan Shahāb-ud-din Muhammad Ghori
سلطان شهاب‌ الدین محمد غوری 		Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad
معز الدین محمد		1173–1206

Qabacha of Multan

Titular Name(s)Personal NameReign
Sultan Kaba-cha
سلطان قباچه		Nasir ad-Din Qabacha
ناصرالدین قباچه		1206–1228

Delhi Sultanate (1206 – 1526)

Mamluk dynasty (1206 – 1290)

Delhi Sultanate under Mamluk dynasty
S/NName of rulerBirth DateDeath DateBeginning of reignEnd of reignNotes
1Qutbuddin Aibak115014 November 121025 June 120614 November 1210
2Aram ShahunknownJune 1211December 1210June 1211Son of Aibak
3Iltutmishunknown30 April 1236June 121130 April 1236Son-in-law of Aibak
4Ruknuddin Firuz (Firuz I)unknown19 November 1236April/May 1236November 1236Son of Iltutmish
5Razia Sultanunknown15 October 1240November 123620 April 1240Daughter of Iltutmish
6Muiz ud din Bahram9 July 121215 May 1242May 124015 May 1242Son of Iltutmish
7Ala-ud-Din Masud Shahunknown10 June 1246May 124210 June 1246Son of Ruknuddin Firuz
8Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah (Mahmud I)1229 or 123018 February 126610 June 124618 February 1266Grandson of Iltutmish
9Ghiyas ud din Balban12161287February 12661287Turkish noble in the court of Iltutmish
10Muiz ud din Qaiqabad12691 February 129012871 February 1290Grandson of Balban
11Shamsuddin Kayumars1285/128713 June 12901 February 129013 June 1290Son of Qaiqabad

Khalji dynasty (1290 – 1320)

Delhi Sultanate under Khalji dynasty
S/NNameBirth dateDeath dateBeginning of reignEnd of reignNotes
12Jalal-ud-din Khalji (Firuz II)122019 July 129613 June 129019 July 1296
–Ruknuddin Ibrahimunknownafter 1296July 1296November 1296Son of Jalal-ud-din Khalji. He ruled for a short time, not always indicating his names on the lists.
13Alauddin Khaljic. 12664 January 1316November 12964 January 1316Nephew of Jalal-ud-din Khalji
14Shihabuddin Omar1310 or 1311April 13165 January 1316April 1316Son of Alauddin Khalji
15Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah12999 July 132014 April 13161 May 1320Son of Alauddin Khalji

Outside of the dynasties (1320)

S/NNameBirth dateDeath dateBeginning of reignEnd of reignNotes
16Khusrau Khanunknown132010 July 13205 September 1320He ruled for a short time, not founding a dynasty.

Tughluq dynasty (1320 – 1414)

Delhi Sultanate under Tughluq dynasty
S/NNameBirth dateDeath dateBeginning of reignEnd of reignNotes
17Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (Tughluq I)unknown1 February 13258 September 13201 February 1325
18Muhammad bin Tughluq (Muhammad II)c. 129020 March 13511 February 132520 March 1351Son of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
19Firuz Shah Tughlaq (Firuz III)130920 September 138823 March 135120 September 1388Son-in-law of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
20Tughluq Khan (Tughluq II)unknown14 March 138920 September 138814 March 1389Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq
21Abu Bakr Shahunknownafter 139015 March 1389August 1390Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq
22Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III (Muhammad III)unknown20 January 139431 August 139020 January 1394Son of Firuz Shah Tughlaq
23Ala ud-din Sikandar Shahunknown8 March 139422 January 13948 March 1394Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III
24Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Shah TughluqunknownFebruary 1413March 1394February 1413Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III
–Nasir-ud-din Nusrat Shah Tughluqunknown1398 or 1399January 13951398 or 1399Brother of Tughluq Khan. Mahmud Shah's anti-king, claimant to the throne, sub-ruler.

Sayyid dynasty (1414 – 1451)

Delhi Sultanate under Sayyid dynasty
S/NNameBirth dateDeath dateBeginning of reignEnd of reignNotes
25Khizr Khanunknown20 May 142128 May 141420 May 1421
26Mubarak Shahunknown19 February 143421 May 142119 February 1434Son of Khizr Khan
27Muhammad Shah (Muhammad IV)unknownJanuary 1445February 1434January 1445Grandson of Khizr Khan
28Alam ShahunknownJuly 1478January 144519 April 1451Son of Muhammad Shah

Lodi dynasty (1451 – 1526)

Delhi Sultanate under Lodi dynasty
S/NNameBirth dateDeath dateBeginning of reignEnd of reignNotes
29Bahlul Lodi142012 July 148919 April 145112 July 1489
30Sikandar Lodi (Sikandar II)17 July 145821 November 151717 July 148921 November 1517Son of Bahlul Lodi
31Ibrahim Lodi148021 April 1526November 151721 April 1526Son of Sikandar Lodi

Timurid Empire (1398 – 1421)

Locator map of the Timurid Empire, c. 1400
Titular namePersonal nameReign
Amir
امیر
Timur Lang
تیمور لنگ 		Timur Beg Gurkani
تیمور بیگ گورکانی 		1398–1405
Amir
امیر 		Pir Muhammad bin Jahangir Mirza
پیر محمد بن جہانگیر میرزا 		1405–1407
Amir
امیر 		Khalil Sultan bin Miran Shah
خلیل سلطان بن میران شاہ 		1405–1409
Amir
امیر 		Shahrukh Mirza
شاھرخ میرزا 		1405–1421

Chiefs of Pothohar

House of Khokhars

Khokhar dominion in 1431 after the capture of Delhi
RulerReignNote
Nusrat Khokhar?? ‐ 1394died fighting the Timurid forces
Shaikha Khokhar1394 - 1420
Jasrat Khokhar1420 - 1442Had capital at Sialkot[16]

House of Gakhars

RulerReignNote
Kaigohar GakharunknownBuilt Pharwala Fort
Jhanda Khan Ghakkarunknown - c.1493Established city of Rawalpindi[17]
Polakh Khan GakharunknownFather of Hathi Khan Gakhar
Tatar Khan Ghakkarunknown - 1519Made alliance with Babur
Hathi Khan Gakkar1519 - 1526
Sarang Khan Gakhar1526 - 1545Died fighting against Sher Shah Suri at Rawat[18]
Adam Khan Gakhar1546 - 1555Under Mughal Empire
Kamal Khan Gakhar1555 - 1566
Mubarak Khan GakharUnknown
Said Khan Gakhar1563 - 1597founded Saidpur village[19]
Nazar Khan GakharUnknownCommander of 500
Miran Shah Ghazi GakharUnknownFounder of Mirpur[20]
Allah Quli Khan Gakhar1681 - 1705
Muqarrab Khan Gakhar1705 - 1769Last effective ruler of Pothohar[21]

Langah/Multan Sultanate (1445 – 1540)

Langah Sultanate at its peak in 1475
Titular Name(s)Personal NameReign
Sultan Qutbu'd-Din
سلطان قطب الدین		Rai Sahra Langah
رائے ساحرہ لنگہ		1445–1469
Sultan Husseyn I
سلطان حسین اول		Husseyn Shah Langah
حسین لنگہ		1469–1498
Sultan Mahmud I
سلطان محمود اول		Budha Khan Langah
بدھا خان لنگہ		1498–1518
Sultan Husseyn II
سلطان حسین دوم		Husseyn Langah
حسین لنگہ		1518–1526
Sultan Mahmud II
سلطان محمود دوم		Mahmud Khan Langah
محمود خان لنگہ		1426–1540

Mughal Empire (1526 – 1540)

Mughal Empire at its greatest extent
PortraitTitular NameBirth NameBirthReignDeath
1 Babur
بابر		Zahir Ud-Din Muhammad Ghazi
ظہیر الدین محمد		14 February 1483 Andijan, Uzbekistan20 April 1526 – 26 December 1530

(4 years 8 months 9 days)

26 December 1530 (aged 47) Agra, India
2 Humayun
ہمایوں		Nasir Ud-Din Baig Muhammad Khan
ناصر الدین بیگ محمد خان		6 March 1508 Kabul, Afghanistan26 December 1530  – 17 May 1540

Sur Empire (1540 – 1556)

Sur Empire at its height under Sher Shah Suri
S. n.PictureNameBirth dateDeath dateReignNotes
1st Sher Shah Suri1472 or 148622 May 15456 April 1538/17 May 1540[22][23] — 22 May 1545[23]
2nd Islam Shah Suri150722 November 155426 May 1545[24] — 22 November 1554[24]Son of Sher Shah Suri.
3rdFiruz Shah Suri4 May 154215541554[25]Son of Islam Shah Suri.
4thMuhammad Adil Shahunknown15571554[25] — 1555[26]Son-in-law of Sher Shah Suri.
5thIbrahim Shah Suriunknown1567/15681555[26]Brother-in-law of Sher Shah Suri.
6thSikandar Shah Suriunknown15591555[26] — 22 June 1555[26]Brother-in-law of Sher Shah Suri.
7thAdil Shah SuriunknownApril 155722 June 1555[26] — 1556[26]Brother of Sikandar Shah Suri.

Mughal Empire Restored (1556 – 1747)

PortraitTitular NameBirth NameBirthReignDeath
2 Humayun
ہمایوں		Nasir Ud-Din Baig Muhammad Khan
ناصر الدین بیگ محمد خان		6 March 1508 Kabul, Afghanistan22 February 1555  – 27 January 1556

(10 years 3 months 25 days)

27 January 1556 (aged 47) Delhi, India
3 Akbar
اکبر		Abu'l Fath Jalal Ud-Din Muhammad
ابوالفتح جلال الدین محمد		15 October 1542 Umerkot, Pakistan11 February 1556 – 27 October 1605

(49 years 9 months 0 days)

27 October 1605 (aged 63) Agra, India
4 Jahangir
جہانگیر		Nur Ud-Din Baig Muhammad khan Salim
نورالدین بیگ محمد خان سلیم		31 August 1569 Agra, India3 November 1605 – 28 October 1627

(21 years 11 months 23 days)

28 October 1627 (aged 58) Jammu and Kashmir, India
5 Shah Jahan
شاہ جہان		Shahab Ud-Din Muhammad Khurram
شہاب الدین محمد خرم		5 January 1592 Lahore, Pakistan19 January 1628 – 31 July 1658

(30 years 8 months 25 days)

22 January 1666 (aged 74) Agra, India
6 Aurangzeb
اورنگزیب

Alamgir
عالمگیر

Muhi Ud-Din Muhammad
محی الدین محمد		3 November 1618 Gujarat, India31 July 1658 – 3 March 1707

(48 years 7 months 0 days)

3 March 1707 (aged 88) Ahmednagar, India
7 Azam Shah
اعظم شاہ		Qutb Ud-Din Muhammad
قطب الدين محمد		28 June 1653 Burhanpur, India14 March 1707 – 20 June 170720 June 1707 (aged 53) Agra, India
8 Bahadur Shah
بہادر شاہ

Shah Alam
شاہ عالم

Abul-Nasr Sayyid Qutb-ud-din Mirza Muhammad Muazzam
ابوالنصر سید قطب الدین مرزا محمد معظم		14 October 1643 Burhanpur, India19 June 1707 – 27 February 1712

(4 years, 253 days)

27 February 1712 (aged 68) Lahore, Pakistan
9 Jahandar Shah
جہاندار شاہ		Mu'izz-ud-Din Beg Muhammad Khan Bahādur
معیز الدین بیگ محمد خان بہادر 		9 May 1661 Deccan, India27 February 1712 – 11 February 1713

(0 years, 350 days)

12 February 1713 (aged 51) Delhi, India
10 Farrukhsiyar
فرخ سیر		Abu'l Muzaffar Muīn-ud-Dīn Muhammad Shāh Farrukhsiyar Alim Akbar Sāni Wālā Shān Pādshāh-i-bahr-u-bar
ابوالمظفر معین الدین محمد شاہ فرخ سیار علیم اکبر ثانی والا شان پادشاہ البحر البر
Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha		20 August 1685 Aurangabad, India11 January 1713 – 28 February 1719

(6 years, 48 days)

19 April 1719 (aged 33) Delhi, India
11 Rafi ud-Darajat
رفیع الدرجات		Abu'l Barakat Shams-ud-Din Muhammad Rafi ud-Darajat Padshah Ghazi Shahanshah-i-Bahr-u-Bar
ابوالبرکات شمس الدین محمد رفیع الدراجات پادشاہ غازی شہنشاہ البحر البر
Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha		1 December 169928 February 1719 – 6 June 1719

(0 years, 98 days)

6 June 1719 (aged 19) Agra, India
12 Shah Jahan II
شاہ جہان دوم		Rafi-ud-Din Muhammad Rafi-ud-Daulah
رفیع الدین محمد رفیع الدولہ
Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha		5 January 16966 June 1719 – 17 September 1719

(0 years, 105 days)

18 September 1719 (aged 23) Agra, India
13 Muhammad Shah
محمد شاہ		Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Shah Roshan Akhtar Bahadur Ghazi
ناصر الدین محمد شاہ روشن اختر بہادر غازی
Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha		7 August 1702 Ghazni, Afghanistan27 September 1719 – 26 April 1748

(28 years, 212 days)

26 April 1748 (aged 45) Delhi, India
14 Ahmad Shah Bahadur
احمد شاہ بہادر		Abu-Nasir Mujahid ud-din Muhammad Ahmad Shah Bahadur Ghazi
ابو ناصر مجاہد الدین محمد احمد شاہ بہادر غازی		23 December 1725 Delhi, India29 April 1748 – 2 June 1754

(6 years, 37 days)

1 January 1775 (aged 49) Delhi, India
15 Alamgir II
عالمگیر دوم		Aziz Ud-Din Muhammad
عزیز اُلدین محمد		6 June 1699 Burhanpur, India3 June 1754 – 29 November 1759

(5 years, 180 days)

29 November 1759 (aged 60) Kotla Fateh Shah, India
16 Shah Jahan III
شاہ جہان سوم		Muhi Ul-Millat
محی اُلملت		171110 December 1759 – 10 October 1760

(282 days)

1772 (aged 60–61)
17 Shah Alam II
شاہ عالم دوم		Abdu'llah Jalal ud-din Abu'l Muzaffar Ham ud-din Muhammad 'Mirza Ali Gauhar
عبدالله جلال الدین ابوالمظفر هم الدین محمد میرزا علی گوهر شاه علم دوم		25 June 1728 Delhi, India10 October 1760 – 31 July 1788

(27 years, 301 days)

19 November 1806 (aged 78) Delhi, India
18 Shah Jahan IV
جہان شاه چہارم		Bidar Bakht Mahmud Shah Bahadur Jahan Shah
 بیدار بخت محمود شاه بهادر جہان شاہ 		1749 Delhi, India31 July 1788 – 11 October 1788

(63 days)

1790 (aged 40–41) Delhi, India
19 Shah Alam II
شاہ عالم دوم		Abdu'llah Jalal ud-din Abu'l Muzaffar Ham ud-din Muhammad 'Mirza Ali Gauhar
عبدالله جلال الدین ابوالمظفر هم الدین محمد میرزا علی گوهر شاه علم دوم
Puppet King under the Maratha Empire		25 June 1728 Delhi, India16 October 1788 – 19 November 1806

(18 years, 339 days)

19 November 1806 (aged 78) Delhi, India
20 Akbar Shah II
اکبر شاہ دوم		Sultan Ibn Sultan Sahib al-Mufazi Wali Ni'mat Haqiqi Khudavand Mujazi Abu Nasir Mu'in al-Din Muhammad Akbar Shah Pad-Shah Ghazi
سلطان ابن سلطان صاحب المفاضی ولی نعمت حقی خداوند مجازی ابو ناصر معین الدین محمد اکبر شاہ پاد شاہ غازی
Puppet King under the East India Company		22 April 1760 Mukundpur, India19 November 1806 – 28 September 1837

(30 years, 321 days)

28 September 1837 (aged 77) Delhi, India
21 Bahadur Shah II Zafar
بہادر شاہ ظفر		Abu Zafar Siraj Ud-Din Muhammad
ابو ظفر سراج اُلدین محمد		24 October 1775 Delhi, India28 September 1837 – 21 September 1857

(19 years, 360 days)

7 November 1862 (aged 87) Rangoon, Myanmar

Bhangi Misl (1716 – 1802)

  • Chhajja Singh Dhillon (1716 – ??)
  • Bhuma Singh Dhillon (?? – 1746)
  • Hari Singh Dhillon (1746 – 1766)
  • Jhanda Singh Dhillon (1766 – 1774)
  • Ganda Singh Dhillon (1774 – 1776)
  • Charhat Singh Dhillon (1776 – 1776)
  • Desu Singh Dhillon (1776 – 1782)
  • Gulab Singh Dhillon (1782 – 1800)
  • Gurdit Singh Dhillon (1800 – 1802)

Sial Chieftaincy (1723 – 1818)

  • Walidad Khan Sial 1723 – 1747
  • Inayatullah Khan Sial 1747 – 1787
  • Kabir Khan Sial 1787 – 1798
  • Ahmad Khan Sial 1798 – 1818

Singhpuria Misl (1733 – 1816)

  • Kapur Singh 1733 – 1753
  • Khushal Singh 1753 – 1795
  • Buddh Singh 1795 – 1816

Durrani Empire (1747 –1809)

Durrani Empire at its greatest extent
NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Ahmad Shah Durrani
  • the Father of the Nation
1720/1722 – 4 June 177217471758Established the Durrani dynasty and the Durrani Empire; Considered founder of modern AfghanistanDurrani
Timur Shah DurraniDecember 1746 – 20 May 1793November 177220 May 1793Son of Ahmad Shah Durrani
Preserved the Durrani Empire following the death of his father after fighting off civil war in 1772, and multiple rebellions		Durrani
Zaman Shah Durrani1770–184420 May 179325 July 1801
(deposed)		Son of Timur Shah Durrani
Engaged in civil war with his brothers after the death of his father, later being deposed		Durrani
Mahmud Shah Durrani
  • Shah Mahmud
1769 – 18 April 182925 July 180113 July 1803
(deposed)		Son of Timur Shah Durrani
Engaged in civil war with his brothers after the death of his father, later being deposed		Durrani
Shah Shujah Durrani
  • Inayat-i-llahi, Shuja ul-Mulk, Muhammad Bahadur
4 November 1785 – 5 April 184213 July 18033 May 1809
(deposed)		Son of Timur Shah Durrani
Engaged in civil war with his brothers after the death of his father, later being deposed, and making multiple attempts to reclaim his throne		Durrani

Ramgarhia Misl (1748 – 1808)

Name

(Birth–Death)

PortraitReignRef.
Jassa Singh Ramgarhia
(1723 – 20 April 1803)		 1748 – 1803[27][28]
Jodh Singh Ramgarhia
(died August 1815)		 1803 – 1808[29][28]

Singh Krora Misl (1748 – 1808)

No.Name

(Birth–Death)

PortraitReignRef.
1Sham Singh
(died 1739)		 ? – 1739[29]
2Karam Singh??[29]
3Karora Singh
(died 1761)		?? – 1761[29]
4Baghel Singh
(died 1802)		 1761 – 1802[29]
5 (disputed)Jodh Singh
(born 1751)		Sukhu Singh?1802 – ?[29]
6Rattan Kaur
(died 1848)		?? – 1848[27]

Dallewalia Misl (1748 – 1807)

  • Gulab Singh Khatri 1748 – 1759
  • Gurdiyal Singh 1759 – 1764
  • Tara Singh Ghaiba 1764 – 1807

Nakai Misl (1748 – 1810)

State of Bahawalpur (1748 – 1955)

State of Bahawalpur alongside other Princely states and British Indian provinces and presidencies
Nawab Amir of BahawalpurTenure
Bahawal Khan Abbasi I1748 – 1750
Mubarak Khan Abbasi II1750 – 1772
Bahawal Khan Abbasi II1772 – 1809
Sadeq Khan Abbasi II1809 – 1827
Bahawal Khan Abbasi III1827 – 1852
Sadeq Khan Abbasi III1852 – 1853
Fath Mohammad Khan Abbasi1853 – 1858
Rahim Yaar Khan Abbasi1858 – 1866
Sadeq Khan Abbasi IV1866 – 1899
Bahawal Khan Abbasi V1899 – 1907
Sadeq Khan Abbasi V1907 – 1955

Patiala State (1761 – 1947)

No.Name

(Birth–Death)

PortraitReignEnthronementRef.
Sardars
1Ala Singh
(1691 or 1695 – 1765)		 1709 – 1765?[31]: 188–215 [32]
Maharajas
2Amar Singh
(7 June 1748 – February 1781)		 1765 – 1781?[27][32]
3Sahib Singh
(18 August 1773 – 26 March 1813)		 1781 – 1813?[27][32]
4Karam Singh
(12 October 1797 – 23 December 1845)		 1813 – 184530 June 1813[27][32]
5Narinder Singh
(26 October 1824 – 13 November 1862)		 1845 – 186218 January 1846[27]
6Mahendra Singh
(16 September 1852 – 13 or 14 April 1876)		 1862 – 187629 January 1863[27]
7Rajinder Singh
(25 May 1872 – 8 November 1900)		 1876 – 19006 January 1877[27]
8Bhupinder Singh
(12 October 1891 – 1938)		 1900 – 1938?[27]
9Yadavindra Singh
(7 January 1913 – 17 June 1974)		 1938 – 1974?[27]

Jind State (1763 – 1948)

No.Name

(Birth–Death)

PortraitReignEnthronementRef.
Sardars
1Sukhchain Singh
(1683 – 1758)		?? – 1758?[31]
Rajas
2Gajpat Singh
(15 April 1738 – 11 November 1789)		 1758 – 1789?[33][27]
3Bhag Singh
(23 September 1760 – 16 June 1819)		 1789 – 1819November 1789[33][27]
4Fateh Singh
(6 May 1789 – 3 February 1822)		 1819 – 1822?[33][27]
5Sangat Singh
(16 July 1810 – 4/5 November 1834)		 1822 – 183430 July 1822[33][27]
6Swarup Singh
(30 May 1812 – 26 January 1864)		 1834 – 1864April 1837[33][27]
7Raghubir Singh
(1832 – 7 March 1887)		 1864 – 188731 March 1864[33][27]
8Ranbir Singh
(11 October 1879 – 1 April 1948)		 1887 – 194827 February 1888[33][27][34]

Nabha State (1763 – 1947)

No.Name

(Birth–Death)

PortraitReignEnthronementRef.
Sardars
1Hamir Singh
(died 1783)		 1754 – 1783?[27]
Rajas
2Jaswant Singh
(1775 – 22 May 1840)		 1783 – 1840?[27]
3Devinder Singh
(5 September 1822 – 14/15 November 1865)		 1840 – 184615 October 1840[27]
4Bharpur Singh
(5 October 1840 – 9 November 1863)		 1846 – 1863?[27]
5Bhagwan Singh
(30 November 1842 – 31 May 1871)		 1863 – 187117 February 1864[27]
Maharajas
6Hira Singh
(19 December 1843 – 24 December 1911)		 1871 – 191110 August 1871[27]
7Ripudaman Singh
(4 March 1883 – 14 December 1942)		 1911 – 192324 January 1912[27]
8Partap Singh
(21 September 1919 – 22 July 1995)		 1923 – 1948[27]

Kapurthala State (1772 – 1947)

No.Name

(Birth–Death)

PortraitReignRef.
Sardars
1Jassa Singh Ahluwalia
(1718–1783)		 1777 – 20 October 1783[35][27]
2Bagh Singh Ahluwalia
(1747–1801)		 20 October 1783 – 10 July 1801[citation needed]
Rajas
3Fateh Singh Ahluwalia
(1784–1837)		 10 July 1801 – 20 October 1837[36][37][38]
4Nihal Singh
(1817–1852)		 20 October 1837 – 13 September 1852
5Randhir Singh
(1831–1870)		 13 September 1852 – 12 March 1861[27]
Raja-i Rajgan
–Randhir Singh
(1831–1870)		 12 March 1861 – 2 April 1870[27]
6Kharak Singh
(1850–1877)		 2 April 1870 – 3 September 1877
7Jagatjit Singh
(1872–1949)		 3 September 1877 – 12 December 1911[27]
Maharajas
–Jagatjit Singh
(1872–1949)		 12 December 1911 – 15 August 1947[27]
Titular
–Jagatjit Singh
(1872–1949)		 15 August 1947 – 19 June 1949[27]
8Paramjit Singh
9Sukhjit Singh

Sikh Empire (1799 – 1849)

Sikh Empire at its greatest extent under Maharaja Ranjit Singh
S. No.NamePortraitBirth and deathReignNote
1Maharaja Ranjit Singh 13 November 1780 (Gujranwala)27 June 1839 (Lahore)12 April 180127 June 183938 years, 76 daysThe first Sikh rulerStroke
2Maharaja Kharak Singh 22 February 1801 (Lahore)5 November 1840 (Lahore)27 June 18398 October 1839103 daysSon of Ranjit SinghPoisoning
3Maharaja Nau Nihal Singh 11 February 1820 (Lahore)6 November 1840 (Lahore)8 October 18396 November 18401 year, 29 daysSon of Kharak SinghAssassinated
4Maharani Chand Kaur
1802 (Fatehgarh Churian)11 June 1842 (Lahore)6 November 184018 January 184173 daysWife of Kharak Singh and the only female ruler of Sikh EmpireAbdicated
5Maharaja Sher Singh 4 December 1807 (Batala)15 September 1843 (Lahore)18 January 184115 September 18432 years, 240 daysSon of Ranjit SinghAssassinated
6Maharaja Duleep Singh 6 September 1838 (Lahore)22 October 1893 (Paris)15 September 184329 March 18495 years, 195 daysSon of Ranjit SinghExiled
7Maharani Jind Kaur
(regent; nominal)		 1817 (Gujranwala)1 August 1863 (Kensington)15 September 184329 March 18495 years, 195 daysWife of Ranjit SinghExiled

References

Sources

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