Italy, as a single nation state, began only in 1861, after the Piedmont-based Kingdom of Sardinia conquered most of present-day Italy. At that point, titles were recognized to all who held them according to the law of so-called pre-unitarian States. Consequently, the Kingdom of Italy had several different nobility traditions, one for each pre-unitarian State and one for the unified state (that was actually the Piedmontese-Savoyard one). That is why the Italian College of Arms, called Consulta araldica (heraldic council), was organized in 14 "regional" commissions. Common rules concerning all titles were established only in 1926.[Note 1] That is why a list of Italian marquisates has to be divided into different pre-unitarian lists, plus a unified list for titles granted after 1861.[Note 2] The latter should be completed with titles granted by the last King of Italy, Humbert II, during his exile and after the proclamation of the republic (1946), until his death in 1983: these concessions base upon the fact that he was not defeated in war and thus remained a king, that is a fons honorum, but this issue is controversial, titles granted by a non-reigning king not being recognized by most noble and royal families in Europe. Only the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and the Corpo della Nobiltà Italiana recognize these titles, while the CILANE treats them as mere titles of courtesy.[1]Since 1948, the republican constitution states that nobility titles are not recognized.[2] It means that public bodies have not the power to use them towards nobility and tribunals have no power to state about their existence or non-existence, even as an interlocutory matter. The main association that privately protects titles and nobility is the Corpo della Nobiltà Italiana (body of the Italian nobility, also known as CNI).
List of marquesses in the Papal States
In Rome, several families hold a title of Marquis. A couple of them (traditionally four) are called "Marquesses of canopy" (in Italian: marchesi di "baldacchino"), since they hold the privilege of being among those that the Pope could visit and kept in their residence a special throne under a canopy for this aim.[Note 3] It is a historical privilege (the Pope does not visit privates nowadays) that permits these families to rank among Roman Princes[Note 4] and Dukes and let their members – as it happens for all families of Princes and Dukes in Italy – to be styled as Don or Donna before their first name. Since it is a customary privilege, some of them are disputed, especially in cases when a family became extinct and it is not clear whether another family has inherited the dignity.
Canopy marquesses[Note 5]
- House of Patrizi (Patrizi Naro Montoro), beforehand Naro: the Marquess of Mompeo;
- House of Theodoli, beforehand Astalli:[3] the Marquess of Saint Vitus and Pisoniano;
- House of Costaguti: the Marquess of Sipicciano; this house became extinct in 1921 with the marriage of the last Marquess Costaguti's only child, a daughter, with Marquess Afan de Rivera, whose descent have added the surname Costaguti: it is disputed weather Marquess Afan de Rivera Costaguti is actually a Canopy Marquess;
- House of Cavalieri: the Marquess of Penna; this house became extinct in 1814: it is disputed if the house Capranica had succeeded to the Cavalieri as Canopy Marquesses;
- Count Gerolamo Riccini: the Marquess of Vallepietra, title granted in 1842 explicitly together with honours of canopy but rapidly extinct;[4]
- House of Serlupi (Serlupi Crescenzi), beforehand Crescenzi:[3][5] Marquess;
- House of Sacchetti: Marquess of Castelromano (Letters patent 1933)
Other marquesses in Rome
Other marquesses include some distinguished families and also many of the Roman princes, who have among their many titles some of Marquess. The latter are non-included in the list hereafter; on the other hand, the list is incomplete also as concerns houses whose main title is that of Marquess.
- Altoviti-Avila Niccolai Lazzerini: Marquess;
- Cappelletti di Santa Maria del Ponte: Marquess;
- Cavalletti De Rossi, Patricians of Rome: the Marquess of Oliveto Sabino;
- Lepri: Marquess, the Marquess of Rota;
- Mazzetti: the Marquess of Pietralata, Patricians of Rome;
- Pellegrini Quarantotti: the Marquess of Casciolino.
List of marquesses in the rest of Latium, in Umbria and in the Marches
The list is incomplete.
- House del Gallo, Noble of Rieti: the Marquess of Roccagiovine.
Marchesi Del Monte
List of marquesses in the papal "Romagne"
The list is incomplete.
- Hercolani (Princes of the Holy Roman Empire, Patrician of Bologna): the Marquess of Blumberg;
- Malvezzi, Patrician of Bologna (1st line, Malvezzi Campeggi): the Marquess of Dozza
- Malvezzi, Patrician of Bologna (2nd line, Malvezzi de' Medici): the Marquess of Castelguelfo;
List of marquesses in Piedmont
Present Piedmont was called the principality of Piedmont and in its territory lie the former sovereign Marquisates of Montferrat (later Dukedom) and Saluzzo. Since it has been ruled by the Duke of Savoy whose sovereign title was that of Duke, the title of Marquis is quite rare and reveals a relevant rank. Hereafter some of the houses holding a title of marquis are listed, in alphabetical order, and the relevant title is indicated with the form of succession. The list is incomplete.
- Asinari: the Marquess of San Marzano (the eldest male);
- Birago de Candia e Borgaro: since 1680, Marquess of Candia (all males).[6]
- del Carretto (Lords of Ponti and Sessame): Marquess (all males);
- Cordero (known as Montezemolo): the Marquess of Montezemolo (the eldest male);
- Guasco (Princes): Marquess of Bisio and Francavilla (all males);
- Manfredi (known as d'Androgna): the Marquess of Angrogna (all males);
- Incisa (both lines d'Incisa di Camerana and d'Incisa della Rocchetta): Marquess (all males);
- Medici del Vascello: Marquess (the eldest male);
- Mori Ubaldini degli Alberti:[Note 6] the Marquess of Marmora (the eldest male);
- Ripa: the Marquess of Giaglione (the eldest male), Marquess of Meana (all males);
- Taparelli (known as d'Azeglio): the Marquess of Azeglio (the eldest male);
- Thaon (Counts of Revel; known as Thaon di Revel): Marquess (the eldest male);
List of marquesses in Sardinia
The following section contains the list of all Marquessates that have been existing or have existed in the Kingdom of Sardinia. Titles were created through letters patent by the King of Sardinia, who was also King of Aragon since 1326 (actual creation of the Kingdom of Sardinia) to 1500, King of Spain and of Aragon since 1500 to 1713, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire since 1519 to 1556 and since 1713 to 1720 and Duke of Savoy since 1720 to 1847. The autonomous Kingdom of Sardinia ceased in 1847, when its Parliament asked the King – and obtained – for the unification (Italian: perfetta fusione) with the other States belonging to him, namely the Dukedom of Savoy, the Principality of Piedmont, the County of Nice and the Dukedom of Genoa. Titles granted after 1847 by the kings of Sardinia, who became also Kings of Italy since 1861, are not listed here.Feudalism ceased in the years 1838–1840, when fiefs were redeemed by the Crown, i.e. bought. Afterwards, titles continued to be recognized as honours, and nothing changed to this regard after the unification of Italy. Since the establishment of the Italian Republic in 1946, titles are not officially recognized anymore and they exist as traditional and historical remains. The main associations that privately protect titles and nobility are the Corpo della Nobiltà Italiana (body of the Italian nobility, also known as CNI) and the Corpo della Nobiltà Sarda (body of the Sardinian nobility).
In 14th and 15th centuries, no titles were granted, but only fief possession. Lords of fiefs were called (in Catalan) Barons or Señors, i.e. lords (normally – but not always – the distinction depended on the extent of the power granted with the fief: Barons had the merum and mixtum imperium, meaning civil and criminal jurisdiction, while Lords only the mixtum imperium, civil jurisdiction) without these terms referring to specific titles but indicating just their quality of fief owners. Progressively, as a mark of distinction, a couple of titles of Viscount were granted: the Kings of Aragon were primarily Counts of Barcelona, so the usual title they had granted in Catalonia had been the one below their own rank. Chiefly in the 16th century, most important feudal lords began to receive titles of Counts, in order to emphasize their role. Only since the end of the century titles of Marquess (Marquis) were granted, as a result of an inflation of titles. Titles of Dukes were as rare as only one was granted before the Savoy rule. A few exception to this trend have to be regarded as recognition of quasi-sovereign status: the rulers of Arborea had in different times the titles of Judex Arboreae,[Note 7] Count of Goceano,[Note 8] Count of Monteleone[Note 9] and Marquis of Oristano,[7] while the foremost house of Carroz, admirals and viceroys, had the title of Count of Quirra.[Note 10][8]
Since the rank of marquis was theoretically the highest one, marquesses were addressed as "illustrious" by anyone and as "cousin" by the monarch, a concept similar to peerage.[Note 11]
Titles were granted either according to the Italian or the Catalan tradition (Latin respectively iuxta morem Italiae and iuxta morem Cathaluniae), meaning that the succession was only by male primogeniture or also by females if the holder of the title had no sons. Succession by females was abolished in 1926, meaning that if the holder has no sons, the title passes to his younger brother, if any (as the normal succession for British titles today).
| Number | Title | Year of creation | Grantee | Holder at the redemption of fiefs | Present holder | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Marquis of Oristano[9][10][11] | 1410 | Leonardo Cubello | the King[Note 12] | the heir to the Sardinian crown, Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy | created as continuation of once-autonomous "judgedom" (kingdom) of Arborea, after the defeat of the rebellious Marquis in 1478 the Crown added that title to its own titles; the city of Oristano, once Arborea capital city, became a royal city |
| 2 | Marquis of Mandas[12] | 16th century | Pedro Maza de Lizana | transformed in dukedom | see Duke of Mandas | |
| 3 | Marquis of Terranova[9][10][11][13] | 1579[14] | Pedro Maza[15] | Pedro Tellez y Giron | The Duke of Osuna | |
| 4 | Marquis of Villasor[9][10][11][13] | 1594[16] | Jaime Alagon | Francisco De Silva | The Marquess of Villasor, Álvaro Fernández-Villaverde y Silva | upgrading of the ancient county of Villasor |
| 5 | Marquis of Quirra[9][10][11][13] | 1603[17] | Cristobal Centelles | Felipe Osorio | the Duke of Albuquerque? | upgrading of the ancient county of Quirra |
| 6 | Marquis of Laconi[9][10][11][13][18] | 1603 | Jaime Castelvi | Ignazio Aymerich | The Marquis of Laconi | upgrading of the ancient county of Laconi |
| 7 | Marquis of Mores[9][10][11][13][18][Note 13] | 1614[19] | Caterina Manca[20] | Vincenzo Manca | disputed | upgrading of the ancient county of Mores. After in 1775 the Dukedom of Asinara was created and granted to the Marquis of Mores, the latter title could be borne by the Duke's first son and heir apparent; since the dukedom has peculiar succession rules, who actually holds the title is an unsolved question |
| 8 | Marquis of Orani[9][10][11][13] | 1617[21] | Caterina De Silva[22] | Rafael Rodriguez Fernandez[23] | The Duke of Alba | |
| 9 | Marquis of Palmas[9][10][11][13] | 1627 | Luis Gualbes | Joaquin Bou Crespi de Valldaura | The Count of Orgaz | upgrading of the 17th-century county of Palmas |
| 10 | Marquis of Villacidro[9][10][11][13] | 1629[24] | Antonio Brondo | Joaquin Bou Crespi de Valldaura | The Count of Orgaz | |
| 11 | Marquis of Torralba[9][10][11][13] | 1631[25] | Miguel Comprat | Juan Bautista de Queralt | Enrique de Queralt | |
| 12 | Marquis of Siete Fuentes[9][10][11] | 1635[26] | Juan Bautista Zatrillas | Pietro Vivaldi Pasqua[27] | The Duke of Saint John[27] | |
| 13 | Marquis of Albis[9][10][11][13][18][28] | 1645[Note 14] | Antonio Manca-Guiso | The king and Vincenzo Amat[Note 15] | The Marquess of San Felipe | upgrading of the ancient barony of Galtelli and Orosei |
| 14 | Marquis of Villarios[9][10][11][13][18] | 1646[29] | Juan Bautista Amat[Note 16] | Vittorio Amat | disputed | upgrading of the county of Villanova del Rio[Note 17] |
| 15 | Marquis of Cea[9][10][11] | 1646[30] | Pablo Castelvì | extinct | extinct | the last Marquis of Cea being Don Jayme Artal Castelvi, who lost the fief in 1669 due to the Camarassa affair. The fief consisted in the two villages of Banari and Siligo, that became afterwards the county of Montacuto (in 1699, to Fortesa family) and, after the extinction of that title, the county of Villanova Montesanto (1741 to Musso family).[31] |
| 16 | Marquis of Soleminis[9][10][11][13][18] | 1651[32] | Francisco Vico (alias Francisco Vico Zonza) | Vincenzo Amat | The Marquess of San Felipe | |
| 17 | Marquis of Montemaggiore (Monte Mayor)[9][10][11][13][18] | 1652[33] | Pedro Ravaneda | Vincenzo Manca | disputed[Note 18] | upgrading of the ancient lordship of Thiesi |
| 18 | Marquis of the Guard (de la Guardia)[9][10][11] | 1699[34] | Antonio Francisco Genoves | extinct[Note 19][35] | extinct | |
| 19 | Marquis of Villaclara[9][10][11][13][36] | 1700[37] | Joseph Zatrillas | Pietro Vivaldi Pasqua | The Duke of Saint John | The fief was named after a village by Ballao, later abandoned.[38] |
| 20 | Marquis of Conquistas[9][10][11][18] | 1708[11] | Miguel Cervellon | Vincenzo Amat | The Marquess of San Felipe | originally constituted by different kind of possessions (territories of Platamona and La Crucca in north Sardinia, the rights of the registrar of the cities of Sassari and Bosa, the little island of San Simone called Sa Illetta in the pond of Cagliari, called Santa Gilla and two fisheries nearby called Is Ois and Sa Coa), it was inherited by Don Francisco Vico; after his death, the fief was renewed to Vincenzo Amat in 1826 but only consisting of Sa Illetta and the fisheries. |
| 21 | Marquis of San Felipe[9][10][18] | 1709 | Vicente Bacallar | Vincenzo Amat | The Marquess of San Felipe | not a feudal title |
| 22 | Marquis of Isola Rossa[10] | 1710 | Joseph Masones | house Del Alcazar (Madrid)[Note 20] | dormant[Note 21] | |
| 23 | Marquis of Villamarina[9][10] | 1711[39] | Francisco Pes | Francesco Pes | extinct | |
| 24 | Marquis of Saint Ursula[10][18] | 1716 | Juan Bautista Cugia | Gavino Cugia (died 1839) and his son Giovanni Battista[40] | The Marquis of Saint Ursula | not a feudal title |
| 25 | Marquis of Putifigari[9][10][11][13][18] | 1717[Note 22][41] | Francisco Pilo-Boyl | Francesco Maria Pilo Boyl | The Marquis of Putifigari | upgrading of the ancient barony of Putifigari |
| 26 | Marquis of Valverde[9][10][11][13][18] | 1735 | Joseph Carrion | Giovanna Carrion | disputed | renewed from the previous title granted to Ferrets on the unpopulated village of Vesos near Alghero in 1660, according to F. Floris[42] |
| 27 | Marquis of Saint Mary[9][10] | 1735 | Luis De Roma | extinct[43] | extinct | not a feudal title |
| 28 | Marquis of Samassi[9][10][11][13] | 1736 | Antonio Simon Squinto | Lorenzo Ricca di Castelvecchio[44] | unknown | |
| 29 | Marquis of Sedilo and Canales[9][10][11][13] | 1737 | Juan Maria Solinas[Note 23] | Salvatore Delitala | extinct | |
| 30 | Marquis of Isola Maggiore[10] | 1745 | Bernardino Antonio Genoves | it has been included in the next title | disputed (or extinct) | The Marquis of Villahermosa e Santa Croce included in his title |
| 31 | Marquis of Villahermosa and Saint Cross[10][11][13][18] | 1745 | Bernardino Antonio Genoves | Carlo Manca | The Marquis of Villahermosa e Santa Croce | unpopulated fief, consisting in the mountains (saltos) of Pompongia, Curcuris, Fenugheda, Isola Maggiore e Fossadus by Oristano[45] |
| 32 | Marquis of Saint Thomas[9][10][11][13][46] | 1747[47] | Juana Maria Cervellon[48] | Tomaso Nin[Note 24] | extinct[Note 25][49] | consists of two villages, Gesico and Goni |
| 33 | Marquis of San Sperate[9][10][11][13][18] | 1749[50] | Joseph Cadello | Efisio Cadello | The Marquis of Neoneli | |
| 34 | Marquis of Saint Xavier[9][10][11][13] | 1749 | Francisca Brunengo | Giovanna Carcassona[Note 26] | extinct[Note 27][49] | consisting in two villages, Donori and Serdiana |
| 35 | Marquis of Valdecalzana[10] | 1750 | some Martinez | Juan Bautista de Queralt | Enrique de Queralt | possibly not a Sardinian title, but a Spanish one |
| 36 | Marquis of Saint Charles[9][10][11][13][18] | 1754[51] | Jayme Borro[52] | Giovanni Antonio Paliacio | unknown | consisting in the territory of Marrubiu, it was inherited by a line of Cugias (see after) now extinct; it is unsure whether the present line retains the right to it |
| 37 | Marquis of Planargia[9][10][11][13][18] | 1756 | Ignacio Paliacio[53] | Giovanni Antonio Paliaccio[Note 28] | The Marquis of Planargia | |
| 38 | Marquis of Montemuros[10][13][54] | 1762[55] | Pedro Martinez | Pietro Martinez[Note 29] | extinct | |
| 39 | Marquis of Saint Christopher[10][11] | 1763 | Antonio Todde | the title got extinct and the territory was granted to the royal city of Bosa | extinct | consisting in the village of Montresta and its unpopulated surroundings[56] |
| 40 | Marquis of Marghine[10][11][13] | 1767 | Maria Pimentel[57] | Pedro Tellez y Giron | The Duke of Osuna | Due to a trial about the ancient county of Oliva that the Crown considered extinct, doña Maria Pimentel obtained the title after being recognized partial heir[Note 30][58] |
| 41 | Marquis of Arcais[10][11][13][18] | 1767 | Damiano Nurra | Francesco Flores | The Marquis of Arcais | The fief included only the incomes of the three Campidanos plains of Oristano (Greater Campidano, Campidano of Milis and Campidano of Zerfaliu, excluding the Royal City of Oristano), with no judiciary or administrative power whatsoever |
| 42 | Marquis of Saint Victor[10][11][18] | 1773[59] | Antonio Todde | Giuseppe Pes | Disputed | Consisting of three villages: Sorradile, Bidonì and Nughedu. |
| 43 | Marquis of Neoneli[9][10][11][13][18] | 1774[60] | Pedro Ripoll | Mariangela Ripoll, Baron Sanjust's consort | The Marquis of Neoneli | Consisting also of the village of Ardauli and of the large surrounding hills, but with limited jurisdiction out of the villages.[61] |
| 44 | Marquis of Manca[10][18] | 1777[62] | Emanuel Delitala (aka De Litala) | Fernando or Emanuel Delitala | Extinct[Note 31] | Not a feudal title |
| 45 | Marquis of Musei[10][11][13] | 1785 | Joaquin Bou Crespi de Valldaura | Joaquin Bou Crespi de Valldaura[Note 32] | The Count of Orgaz | |
| 46 | Marquis of Busachi[10][11][13][18] | 1790[63] | Teresa Deliperi | Stefanina Ledà[Note 33] | extinct | |
| 47 | Marquis of Gallura[10][11][13] | 18th century[64] | Federigo Portugal[11] | Rafael Fadriguez Fernandez[65] | The Marquis of Gallura should be the incumbent Duke of Alba, but they do not use this title. | |
| 48 | Marquis of Saint Saturninus[10][18][66] | 1806 | Raimondo Quesada | Raimondo Quesada | extinct | not a feudal title |
| 49 | Marquis of Saint Maurice[10][18] | 1815 | Giovanni Amat | Giovanni Amat | extinct | not a feudal title |
| 50 | Marquis of Saint Sebastian[10][18][66] | 1816 | Carlo Quesada | Carlo Quesada | The Marquis of Saint Sebastian | not a feudal title |
| 51 | Marquis of Nissa[10][11][18] | 1836 | Giovanni Manca | Carlo Manca | The Marquis of Villahermosa e Santa Croce | not a feudal title |
| 52 | Marquis of Cervellon | 1838 | Damiano Flores[67] | Damiano Flores | Disputed | Not a feudal title. The possession of the title of Baron of Samatzai was contested to Damiano Flores's mother, Maria Rita Cervellon, by the Crown; since the trial was still on-going when fiefs were redeemed, he had as a renewal of the old title the mere dignity of Marquis of Cervellon. |
| 53 | Marquis of Saint Fidelius[10][66] | 1840 | Gaetano Mearza[Note 34] | Gaetano Mearza (supposed) | extinct | not a feudal title |
Note on language. The ordinary use in Sardinia is that proper names be translated according to the language of the document: that is why name of titles has been translated to English if the case be.[Note 35] For name of people, we adopted the actual most used language at the time: Catalan until the 16th century included, Spanish for the 17th and 18th centuries and later for Spanish subjects, and Italian for the 19th century for Sardinian subjects.
List of marquesses in Lombardy
Lombardy has probably been Italian land with most encountering of Nobility traditions. Consequently, Lombard Nobility has all Italian ranks, including Patricians of the most important cities. Just a few main existing houses being styled as Marquesses are listed hereafter in alphabetical order, indicating the house main title if other and – the case be – the city that houses are Patricians of. The list is most incomplete.
- Borromeo (Borromeo Arese, 1st line, Princes of Angera): Marquess of Angera, Patrician of Milan;
- Borromeo (Borromeo d'Adda, 2nd line): Marquess of Pandino, Patrician of Milan;
- Brivio (Brivio Sforza): Marquess of Santa Maria in Prato, Marquess, Patrician of Milan;
- Casati (Casati Stampa): Marquess of Casatenovo, Patrician of Milan;
- Gallarati Scotti (Princes of Molfetta): Marquess of Cerano, Patrician of Milan;
- Stampa: Marquess of Soncino, Count of the Holy Roman Empire, Patrician of Milan;
- Terzi (Lords of Sant'Agata): Marquess, Noble of Bergamo;
- Visconti di Modrone (Dukes): Marquess of Vimodrone, Patrician of Milan.
List of marquesses in Liguria
Genoa was ruled as an aristocrat republic until the Napoleonic age, extending its dominion to the whole Liguria and some areas of present Piedmont; after the restoration it became part of the Piedmont-led Kingdom of Sardinia. As all Nobles could be elected to a government office, all were in principle equal; they had the title of Patrician of Genoa, indicated by p.g. after the name and surname, while members of noble families outside the capital had the title of Nobleman or Noblewoman. No other title was specific of the Republic, but several families got titles from other rulers.After the fall of the republic, a consideration arouse: since the head of the State was the Doge, i.e. a Duke, Patrician of Genoa had to be considered as just below, i.e. Marquesses: consequently several head of families pledged for such an acknowledgment by the Consulta araldica and the Corpo della Nobiltà Italiana and are styled as Marquesses today; this automatic acknowledgment has been questioned at the end of 20th century and is no more realized by the C.N.I., those acknowledgments already done remaining valid.
Houses whose eldest male bear the title of Marquess before his name (incomplete list):
- Balbi;
- Cambiaso;
- Cattaneo Adorno;
- Chiavari;
- Curlo;
- De Ferrari (second and third line);
- Doria (various lines);
- Durazzo;
- Giustiniani;
- Gropallo;
- Imperiale and Imperiali;
- Invrea;
- Lomellini (Lomellini Tabarca);
- Negrotto Cambiaso;
- Pallavicini and Pallavicino;
- Pinelli (Pinelli Gentile).
Other titles:
- Marquess of Pontinvrea: house of Durazzo;
- Marquess of Sforzesca: house of Gropallo.
List of marquesses in the so-called "Venices"
Venice has been an independent aristocratic republic since the 8th century until 1797. Since the power was shared among noble houses and every nobleman could be elected (by vote or by ballot) to the most important offices, all noble houses were in principle equal: every member of the aristocracy had the only title of nobiluomo (nobleman) or nobildonna (noblewoman), although some of the Venetian houses are actually the oldest aristocracy in the world, since they can track their ancestors back to the beginning of the Republic. Venice (usually called the Serenissima Republica) was a naval power and thus the wealth of Venetians did not depend on the land but on trades. Also other cities and towns in Venice inland, although subject to Venice, were ruled by noble councils, whose members were nobles by the right to participate to council: the Venetian region is the land of civic nobility. For these reasons, nobility titles other than Nobil Homo/Nobil Donna (usually indicated as N.H. and N.D.), Patrician of Venice (or Venetian Patrician) and Nobleman/Noblewoman of a certain city or town are the only real Venetian titles.After the fall of the republic, under Habsburgs rule, and since 1866 under Italian rule, many Venetian houses got traditional titles, most of them count, that is usually for all family members or at least for all males and usually with no territorial indication.The following list of titles of Marquesses is just the list of families living in the Venetian territories who presently bear such a title, without these title being "Venetian" titles. It is an extract of titles recorded by the three Nobility associations whose competence is the former Venetian territory and that are inspired by the regional commissions of the Consulta araldica: the Venetian one for present Italian region Veneto and provinces of Udine and Pordenone of present-day Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia (that is proper Friuli), the Trento one for present Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol (although its competence for noble houses from Alto Adige or South Tyrol, that is the German-speaking province of Bolzano, remains doubtful: are they Italian or Austrian nobles?), and the one for Venezia Giulia, Istria e Dalmazia for present provinces of Trieste and Gorizia (Venezia Giulia or Julian March, part of present administrative region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia) and families coming from present Slovenian and Croatian territories of Istria and Dalmatia. Only flourishing families are recorded[68] and they appear in alphabetical order, the particle "de" not being considered to this aim unless it is written with a capital letter.[Note 36]
| Number | Family name | Title | Arms | Holder(s) | Family origin | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | de Bassecourt | Marquis | the eldest male | Spain | Probably extinct | |
| 2 | di Brazzà e Cergneu Savorgnan | Marquis of Gavignano | the eldest male | Friuli | ||
| 3 | Buzzaccarini de Vetulis | Marquis of Saint-Raphael, Marquis | the eldest male, all males | Padua | ||
| 4 | di Canossa | Marquis | all males | Canossa | ||
| 5 | Carlotti | Marquis, Marquis of Riparbella |  | all males, all males in two lines | Verona | |
| 6 | Colloredo Mels | Marquis of Saint Sophia |  | the eldest male | Friuli | the title belong to only one of the two Colloredo Mels existing houses |
| 7 | de Concina | Marquis | the eldest male | Clauzetto | Extinct as for males | |
| 8 | Fabris Isnardis | Marquis |  | all males | Carnia | Extinct as for males |
| 9 | Frangipane | Marquis | the eldest male | Rome and Friuli | the eldest male actually brings the surnames Frangipane di Strassoldo Soffunbergo | |
| 10 | Gajoni Berti | Marquis | all males | Verona | ||
| 11 | Gonzaga | Marquis of the Vodice, Marquis |  | the eldest male, all males | Mantua | the last surviving branch of the lords, marquesses and dukes of Mantua, they are registered in the Venetian lists due to the title of Venetian Patrician, that they bring among others (first and foremost, prince of the Holy Roman Empire and Highness) |
| 12 | Lechi | Marquis of Castellarano and San Cassiano | the eldest male | Brescia | ||
| 13 | da Lisca | Marquis | all members | Verona | ||
| 14 | Malaspina | Marquis | _(1).svg){kind=small} | all males | Verona | |
| 15 | Manfredini | Marquis |  | all males | Rovigo | |
| 16 | Mangilli | Marquis of San Gallo in Moggio | all males | Bergamo | ||
| 17 | Manzoni | Marquis |  | all members | Padua | |
| 18 | Meli Lupi di Soragna Tarasconi | Marquis | all members | Parma | ||
| 19 | Polesini | Maquis | all males | Istria | ||
| 20 | Revedin | Marquis of Saint Martin | the eldest male | Ferrara | ||
| 21 | Roi | Marquis | the eldest male | Vicenza | ||
| 22 | Saibante | Marquis | all members | Egna | ||
| 23 | Selvatico Estense | Marquis of Querzola | the eldest male | Padua | ||
| 24 | Stornaiuolo (also spelled 'Stornaiolo')[69] | Marquis of Pressana, Marquis | the eldest male, all males | Naples | Title dormant since 1797 | |
| 25 | Strozzi | Marquis |  | all males | Florence | This line of the flourishing family is extinct as for males |
| 26 | Voelkl | Marquis | the eldest male | Trieste | probably extinct | |
| 27 | Zamboni | Marquis of Salerano | the eldest male | Verona |
Besides of the family titles, two members of the clergy bear, among others, the title of Marquis:
- the bishop of Treviso;
- the bishop of Vicenza.
The use of the Roman Catholic Church is that bishop not use nobility tiles nowadays.
List of marquesses in Parma and Piacenza
List of all noble houses bearing the title of Marquis nowadays or that are recently extinct, recognized by the Corpo della Nobiltà Italiana.[70] The list is ordered by ancientness of the title.
| Number | Family Name | Title | Arms | Date of Creation | Holder(s) | Origin | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pallavicino | Marquis | Ab immemorabili | all members | Parma | ||
| 2 | Meli Lupi di Soragna | Marquis | 1477 | all members | Parma | including the second line, bearing the surname Meli Lupi di Soragna Tarasconi | |
| 3 | Anguissola di Vigolzone | Marquis of Grazzano with Maiano e Verano |  | 1599 | all males | Piacenza | |
| 4 | Landi | Marquis of Chiavenna |  | 1648 | all males | Piacenza | |
| 5 | Casali | Marquis of Monticelli d'Ongina |  | 1650 | all males | Piacenza | |
| 6 | Cusani | Marquis of Vicomero |  | 1651 | all males | Parma | |
| 7 | Casati Rollieri | Marquis | 1660 and 1676 | the eldest male | Piacenza | ||
| 8 | Lalatta | Marquis |  | 1695 | all males | Parma | |
| 9 | Lalatta Costerbosa | Marquis |  | 1695 | all males | Parma | a line of the above |
| 10 | Tirelli | Marquis | 1696 | all members | Parma | ||
| 11 | Volpe Landi | Marquis of Ivaccari | 1697 | all males | Piacenza | ||
| 12 | Tedaldi | Marquis of Tavasca and Valle Lunga | 1705 | all males | Piacenza | ||
| 13 | Mischi | Marquis of Costamezzana | 1706 | all males | Piacenza | ||
| 14 | Manara | Marquis of Ozzano with Triano and Sivizzano | 1709 | all males | Parma | extinct | |
| 15 | Paveri Fontana | Marquis of Fontana Pradosa | 1716 | all males | Piacenza | ||
| 16 | Dosi | Marquis |  | 1733 | all males | Pontremoli | |
| 17 | Dosi Delfini | Marquis |  | 1733 | all males | Pontremoli | a line of the above |
| 18 | Sanvitale | Marquis of Medesano | 1733 | all males | Parma | ||
| 19 | Sanvitale Simonetta | Marquis of Medesano | 1733 | all males | Parma | a line of the above | |
| 20 | Malaspina | Marquis of Carbonara | | 1768 | the eldest male | Bobbio | |
| 21 | dalla Rosa Prati | Marquis of Collecchio with Collecchiello and Madregolo | 1777 | all males | Parma | ||
| 22 | Paveri Fontana | Marquis of Piozzano | 1779 | the eldest male | Piacenza | another title of the Marquesses of Fontana Pradosa – upgrading of the title of Count granted in 1633 | |
| 23 | Pavesi Negri | Marquis of Castelnovo | 1794 | all males | Parma | ||
| 24 | Corradi Cervi | Marquis of Piantogna | 1795 | all males | Parma | ||
| 25 | Malaspina | Marquis of Volpedo | | 1889 (recognized) | the eldest male | Bobbio | another title of the Marquis of Carbonara (see above) |
| 26 | Malaspina | Marquis of Orezzoli | | 1911 | all males | Bobbio | |
| 27 | Nasalli Rocca Taffini | Marquis of Acceglio |  | renovated in 1912 | the eldest male | Piacenza | |
| 28 | Malvicini Fontana | Marquis | recognized in 1915 | all males | Piacenza | ||
| 29 | Malaspina | Marquis | | ? | all males | Bobbio | line of Frassi; title recognized by the CNI in 2000 |
List of marquesses in Modena and Reggio
The Duchy of Modena and Reggio was an independent State from 1598 (before it depended upon Ferrara, that was the main see of the ruling family) until the unification of Italy in 1859, under the rule of the Este until the Napoleonic era and after the Restoration, since 1814, under the Habsburg-Este who had inherited it.The aristocracy of the Duchy includes many families whose members are Patricians of Modena, Patricians of Reggio, Noble of Mirandola, Noble of Carpi, Noble of Finale or Noble of Correggio; several of them, moreover, have the title of Count or Marquis; some had foreign titles.The list hereunder includes only the titles of flourishing families recognized by the Corpo della Nobiltà Italiana (C.N.I.)[Note 37] listed in alphabetical order: the particle "de" is not considered to this aim unless it is written with a capital letter.
| Number | Family name | Title | Arms | Holder(s) | Other titles | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | de Buoi | Marquis |  | all males | Patricians of Modena and others | |
| 2 | de Buoi Vizzani | Marquis | | all males | Patricians of Modena and others | a line of the preceding family |
| 3 | Calori Stremiti | Marquis of Cavriago and of Cadè |  | the eldest male | Count (other males) and others | |
| 4 | Campori | Marquis of Soliera | all males | Patricians of Modena etc. | ||
| 5 | Carandini | Marquis of Sarzano |  | the eldest male | Counts (other males) etc. | |
| 6 | Coccapani Imperiali | Marquis of Spezzano; Marquis |  | the eldest male; all other males | Noble of Carpi | also called Coccapani Imperiale |
| 7 | Fontanelli | Marquis | the eldest male | Counts (all males and females) | extinct | |
| 8 | Frosini | Marquis of Albinea, Borzano, Mozzadella, Montericco | the eldest male | Patricians of Modena | ||
| 9 | Gherardini | Marquis of Scurano, Bazzano and Pianzo; Marquis of San Polo; Marquis |  | the eldest male; the eldest male; all males | Counts, Patrician of Reggio, etc. | |
| 10 | Malaspina Estense | Marquis of Virgoletta, Villa Rocchetta, Beverone, Garbugliaga, Villafranca |  | the eldest male | none | |
| 11 | Malaspina Torello Scotti | Marquis of Ponte Bosio | | the eldest male | none | |
| 12 | Molza | Marquis | the eldest male | Patrician of Modena | extinct line | |
| 13 | Montecuccoli Degli Erri | Marquis of Polinago, Vaglio, Susano, Pigneto, Prignano; Marquis | the eldest male; all males | Patricians of Modena | ||
| 14 | Ollandini | Marquis | all males | none | ||
| 15 | Paolucci | Marquis of Vigona, Cividale, Roncole; Marquis | the eldest male, all males | Patricians of Modena, etc. | ||
| 16 | Parisetti Vaini | Marquis of Sigola | the eldest male | Don or Donna | extinct | |
| 17 | Ponticelli | Marquis of Camposanto; Marquis | the eldest male; all males | Patricians of Modena | extinct | |
| 18 | Rangoni Machiavelli | Marquis | all males | Patricians of Modena, Patricians of Reggio etc. | ||
| 19 | Rocca Saporiti | Marquis of the Sforzesca | the eldest male | Counts (all members) | extinct | |
| 20 | Tacoli | Marquis of San Possidonio; Marquis | the eldest male; all males | Patricians of Modena, Patricians of Reggio | ||
| 21 | Tassoni Estense | Marquis of Castelvecchio | all males | Patricians of Modena etc. |
List of marquesses in Tuscany
In Tuscany during the middle age and early modern era all towns and cities were autonomous States with the form of Republics, each having its own Nobility. That is why, in the most incomplete list hereafter, for each house not only is indicated the title of Marquess, but also the Patriciate they hold. Houses are listed by order of creation.
| Number | Family Name | Title | Arms | Patriciate | Date of Creation | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bentivoglio | Marquis of Magliano |  | 14 Aug 1559[71] | ||
| 2 | Ramirez di Montalvo | Marquis of Sassetta |  | 19 Oct 1563[71] | ||
| 3 | Brignole-Sale | Marquis of Groppoli |  | Genoa | 4 Jul 1592[71] | Passes to males and females |
| 4 | Ximenes | Marquis of Saturnia | Lisbon | 3 Oct 1593[71] | ||
| 5 | Bourbon del Monte | Marquis of Piancastagnaio |  | Florence | 20 Nov 1601[71] | |
| 6 | Colloredo | Marquis of Santa Sofia |  | 23 Sep 1615[71] | ||
| 7 | Salviati | Marquis of Montieri |  | Florence, Pistoia | 22 Sep 1621[71] | |
| 8 | de’ Medici | Marquis of Castellina Marittima |  | 17 Mar 1628[71] | ||
| 9 | Malaspina | Marquis of Terrarossa | | 20 Dec 1628[71] | ||
| 10 | Riccardi | Marquis of Chianni |  | Florence | 16 Apr 1629[71] | |
| 11 | Giugni | Marquis of Camporsevoli | Florence | 26 Jun 1630[71] | ||
| 12 | Lotteringhi della Stufa | Marquis of Calcione |  | Florence | 11 Jun 1632[71] | |
| 13 | Barbolani di Montauto | Marquis of Montevitozzo |  | Florence | 10 Feb 1635[71] | |
| 14 | Niccolini | Marquis of Ponsacco |  | Florence | 23 Oct 1637[71] | |
| 15 | degli Albizzi | Marquis of Castelnuovo Val di Cecina |  | Florence | 8 Dec 1639[71] | |
| 16 | Corsini | Marquis of Laiatico |  | Florence | 10 Jul 1644[71] | The family were also Princes of Sismano and Marquesses of Orciatico, Tresana, Giovagallo, and Castagnetolo |
| 17 | Guadagni | Marquis of San Leolino |  | Florence | 26 Jul 1645[71] | |
| 18 | Vitelli | Marquis of Bucine |  | Rome | 9 Jun 1646[71] | |
| 19 | Ridolfi | Marquis of Montescudaio |  | Florence | 10 May 1648[71] | |
| 20 | Incontri | Marquis of Canneto |  | Florence | 7 Dec 1665[71] | |
| 21 | Chigi-Zondadari | Marquis of San Quirico | .svg){kind=small} | 6 Sep 1677[72] | Cosimo III, Grand Duke of Tuscany granted the marquessate to Cardinal Flavio Chigi and it later passed to his sister's descendants | |
| 22 | Bartolini Salimbeni | Marquis | Florence | 22 Mar 1713[73] | by Emperor Charles VI | |
| 23 | Tempi | Marquis of Barone |  | 10 Dec 1714[71] | ||
| 24 | Lorenzi | Marquis of Lorenzana |  | 7 May 1722[71] | ||
| 25 | Frescobaldi | Marquis of Capraia |  | Florence | 5 Jun 1741[71] | |
| 26 | Ginori | Marquis of Urbech |  | Florence | 31 Mar 1756[71] | |
| 27 | della Gherardesca | Marquis of Castagneto |  | 17 Apr 1776[71] |
Other families with Tuscan Marquessates include:
- Altoviti de'Medici: Marquess of the Holy Roman Empire, Patrician of Florence;
- Antinori: Marquess, Patrician of Florence;
- Bichi Ruspoli Forteguerri Pannilini: Marquess, Patrician of Siena;
- del Carretto (del Carretto di Ponti e Sessame): Marquess;
- Mazzarosa Devincenzi Prini Aulla: Marquess (all males), Patrician of Lucca;
- Rosselli Del Turco (1st line): Marquess, Patrician of Florence;
- San Martino (1st line, San Martino d'Agliè): Marquess of Fontanetto with San Germano, Marquess of Rivarolo with Bosconero;
There were also a small number of ecclesiastical Marquessates, including:
List of marquesses in the "Neapolitan provinces" (kingdom of Naples and the continental part of the kingdom of the Two Sicilies)
The Kingdom of Naples – united, after the Napoleonic age, to the Kingdom of Sicily thus forming an accentrate Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – was the largest and most demographically and culturally developed of the Italian states. Nobles were many, powerful and with many titles: it was one of the few states that used the title of Prince (Principe) as a title of nobility, being why in the mostly incomplete list below Marquessates are divided according to the house and line to which they belong, identifying the line with its main title. Succession is by eldest male.
- House d'Aquino, Princes of Caramanico: Marquess of Francolise and Marquess of Castelnuovo;
- House d'Avalos, Princes of Holy Roman Empire: Marquess of Pescara and Marquess of the Vasto;
- House Capece Minutolo, Dukes of San Valentino, second line: Marquess of Bugnano (Capece Minutolo Princes of Canosa also exist);
- House Caracciolo, family Caracciolo-Rossi:
- House Caracciolo, family Caracciolo-Pisquizi:
- line of Princes of Marano: Marquess of Barisciano;
- line of Princes of Melissano: Marquess of Amorosi and Marquess of Taviano;
- line of Princes of Cellamare: Marquess of Alfedena;
- line of Princes Caracciolo Carafa: Marquess of Santeramo and Marquess of Cervinara;
- House Carafa, line Carafa della Spina Princes of Roccella: Marquess of Brancaleone and Marquess of Castelvetere;
- House Carafa, line Carafa della Stadera Dukes of Andria: Marquess of Corato;
- House Imperiali, Princes of Francavilla: Marquess of Oyra (Grand of Spain) and Marquess of Latiano;
- House de Vargas Machuca, Dukes of Vargas Machuca: Marquess of San Vicente (Grand of Spain) and Marquess of Valtolla;
- House Campolattaro, family dAgistino-Campolattaro: Marquess of Campolattaro. Castello dCampolattaro.
- House Pucci: Marquess of Barsento (created by Philip IV, King of Spain 1664[74])
List of marquesses in Sicily
The Kingdom of Sicily was founded in 1282 and ended in 1816 when it was succeeded by the unified Kingdom of Two Sicilies (and since 1859 by the even more unified Kingdom of Italy). Sicilian Nobility, during these centuries, got much power and many titles, up to that of Prince. Only a few existing titles of Marquess are listed hereafter, in alphabetical order of the houses bearing them, indicating also the line and their main title. The list is thus mostly incomplete.
- house Alliata (9 titles of Prince): Marquess of Santa Lucia;
- house de Gregorio (Princes of Saint Theodore): Marquess;
- house Lanza (Princes of Trabia): Marquess of Militello, Marquess of Barrafranca, Marquess of the Ginestra (of the Broom), Marquess of Misuraca (Neapolitan title);
- house Paternò (line of Dukes of Roccaromana): Marquess of the Toscano;
- house Paternò (family Paternò Castello, line of San Giuliano): Marquess of San Giuliano;
- house Paternò (family Paternò Ventimiglia, line of Regiovanni): Marquess of Regiovanni;
- house Paternò (line of Dukes of San Nicola): Marquess;
- house Salvo: Marquess of Pietraganzili
- house Stagno (princes of Alcontres): Marquess of Roccalumera and Soreto;
- house Starrabba (Princes of Giardinelli and Militello): Marquess of St. Agatha;
- house Trigona (whose 1st line are Princes of Sant'Elia), 3rd line: Marquess of Canicarao; Marquess of Dainammare.
Notes
References
Sources
Sardinia
- Vacca Odone, Enrico (1898). "Part 16: Elenco dei comuni e luoghi dell'isola di Sardegna, divisi per giudicati, con indicazione della regione e degli antichi feudi e feudatarj cui appartenevano nell'epoca del riscatto feudale, nel 1838" [List of Sardinian localities divided per Giudicatos with fiefs and feudal lords to whom they belonged at the time of redemption of fiefs]. Itinerario-guida ufficiale dell'isola di Sardegna [Official itinerary and guide of the island of Sardinia] (in Italian). Cagliari: Meloni e Aitelli.
- Scano, Dionigi (2003) [1942]. "Appendix 2. La nobiltà sarda" [The Sardinian Nobility]. Donna Francesca di Zatrillas (in Italian) (new edition of "Donna Francesca di Zatrillas, marchesa di Laconi e di Siete Fuentes", in Archivio storico sardo, 1942 ed.). Sassari: La biblioteca della Nuova Sardegna. ISBN 84-9789-069-8.
- "Part 3. Memoria de cuantos titulos concedieron los Serenissimos Reyes de Aragon, y despues los de la Serenissima Casa de Saboya en el Reyno de Sardeña; empezando del Rey Don Pedro IV hasta el año presente 1790" [Memory of those titles the most serene kings of Aragon and afterwards of the most serene house of Savoy granted in the kingdom of Sardinia, beginning since the king don Peter IV up to the present year 1790]. Origen del Cavallerato y de la Nobleza de varias Familias del Reyno de Cerdeña [Origin of the knighthood and nobility of various families from the kingdom of Sardinia] (in Spanish). edition promoted by the Associazione nobiliare araldica genealogica regionale della Sardegna, introduction by Vincenzo Amat di San Filippo (manuscript Amat ed.). Cagliari: Libreria Cocco. 1977 [1775–1790].
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - Associazione nobiliare araldica genealogica regionale della Sardegna, ed. (1993). Elenco nobiliare sardo [List of Sardinian Nobles] (updated in Statuto e Elenco Nobiliare Sardo (link on the left), then in Elenco nobiliare sardo aggiornato) (in Italian). Sassari: Delfino. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
- Floris, Francesco (1996). Feudi e feudatari in Sardegna [Fiefs and feudal lords in Sardinia] (in Italian). Vol. 1 and 2. foreword by Bruno Anatra. Cagliari: Della Torre. ISBN 88-7343-288-3.
- Floris, Francesco; Serra, Sergio (1986). Storia della nobiltà in Sardegna. Genealogia e araldica delle famiglie nobili sarde [History of nobility in Sardinia. Genealogy and heraldry of Sardinian noble families] (in Italian). Foreword by Alberto Boscolo. Cagliari: Della Torre.
- Casula, Francesco Cesare (2006). "Marchese". Dizionario storico sardo. Vol. 7. Cagliari: L'unione sarda. p. 2014.
Rome
- Caffarelli, Giovanpietro (October 1982). "I marchesi romani di baldacchino" (PDF). Bollettino Ufficiale del Corpo della Nobiltà Italiana. Corpo della Nobiltà Italiana. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2009.
Venice
- Corpo della Nobiltà Italiana (2001). Associazione nobiliare regionale veneta (ed.). Famiglie nobili delle Venezie [Noble families of the "Venices"] (in Italian). Udine: Gaspari. ISBN 88-86338-67-8.
Modena and ReggioParma and Piacenza
- Associazione nobiliare regionale di Modena e Reggio, ed. (2007). Elenco nobiliare di Modena e Reggio e di Parma e Piacenza [List of Nobles from Modena and Reggio and from Parma and Piacenza] (in Italian). Sassari: Delfino. ISBN 978-88-7138-443-6.
Whole Italy, including pre-unitarian States
- Collegio araldico (1990–1994). Libro d'oro della nobiltà italiana (Golden Book of Italian Nobility). Vol. 21–22. Rome. pp. XLIII + 909 + 909 https://web.archive.org/web/20161219113821/http://www.collegio-araldico.it/librodoro.html. Archived from the original on 19 December 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
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