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List of heads of state or government who have been in exile

In some cases, the deposed head of state or head of government are allowed to go into exile following a coup or other change of government, allowing a more peaceful transition to take place or to escape justice. In some cases, governments in exile are created.[1]

There have also been instances where they managed to return to power, as did Charles II of England.

Examples in chronological order include:

     Returned to power

NameTitleHome countryExile period
(† – died in exile)		Exiled country or countries
JehoahazKing of JudahKingdom of Judah609 BC–unknownEgypt
JeconiahKing of JudahKingdom of Judah597 BC–562 BCBabylon
PisistratusTyrant of AthensAthens561 BC–556 BC
556 BC–546 BCRhaecelus
Arcesilaus IIIKing of CyreneCyrene518 BC–515 BCSamos
Lucius Tarquinius SuperbusKing of RomeRoman Kingdom509 BC–495 BC†Caere, Clusium, Tusculum, and Cumae
Lycophron IITyrant of PheraePherae352 BC–after 352 BC†Athens
ArybbasKing of EpirusEpirus343 BC–unknown†Athens
Nectanebo IIPharaoh of EgyptEgypt342 BC–unknown†Upper Egypt
Nubia
AeacidesKing of EpirusEpirus316 BC–313 BC
PyrrhusKing of EpirusEpirus302 BC–297 BC
Cleombrotus IIKing of SpartaSparta240 BC–unknown†Tegea
Cleomenes IIIKing of SpartaSparta222 BC–219 BC†Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt
Demetrius III EucaerusKing of SyriaSeleucid Empire87 BC–after 87 BC†Parthia
Herod AntipasTetrarch of Galilee and PereaGalilee and Perea39 AD–after 39 AD†Gaul
Mithridates IIIKing of the BosporusBosporan Kingdom45–68†Rome, Roman Empire
Romulus AugustulusRoman EmperorWestern Roman Empire476–after 511†Campania (Castellum Lucullanum)
HeraclonasByzantine EmperorByzantine Empire641–642†Rhodes
ZhongzongEmperor of the Tang dynastyTang dynasty684–698Fang Prefecture
Jun Prefecture
Justinian IIByzantine EmperorByzantine Empire695–702/703Cherson
Eadwulf IKing of NorthumbriaNorthumbria705–717†Dál Riata or Pictland
JunninEmperor of JapanJapan764–765†Awaji Island, Hyōgo Prefecture
AlhredKing of NorthumbriaNorthumbria774–unknownPictland
TelerigKhan of BulgariaBulgaria777–777†Byzantine Empire
Æthelred IKing of NorthumbriaNorthumbria779–790
EcgberhtKing of WessexWessex789–802Frankish Empire
Osred IIKing of NorthumbriaNorthumbria790–792†Isle of Man
OsbaldKing of NorthumbriaNorthumbria796–799†Lindisfarne
EardwulfKing of NorthumbriaNorthumbria806–808Frankish Empire
Irene of AthensByzantine EmpressByzantine Empire802–803†Lesbos
WiglafKing of MerciaMercia829–830
Theodora IIByzantine EmpressByzantine Empire857–867†Gastria, Cyprus
Yahya IVEmir of MoroccoMorocco922–946†Fatimid Caliphate
Constantine LekapenosByzantine EmperorByzantine Empire945–946/948†Samothrace
Hassan IISultan of MoroccoMorocco974–985†Caliphate of Córdoba
Otto OrseoloDoge of VeniceRepublic of Venice1026–1032†Byzantine Empire
Casimir IDuke of PolandDuchy of Poland1034–1039 Kingdom of Hungary
Holy Roman Empire
Constantine IX MonomachosByzantine EmperorByzantine Empire1035–1042Lesbos
Bagrat IVKing of GeorgiaKingdom of Georgia1050–1053Byzantine Empire
Romanos IV DiogenesByzantine EmperorByzantine Empire1072–1072†Proti
Sultan Shah ibn RadwanSultan of AleppoAleppo1118–after 1125†
Władysław IIHigh Duke of Poland
Duke of Silesia		Duchy of Poland
Duchy of Silesia		1146–1159†Altenburg
SutokuEmperor of JapanJapan1156–1164†Sanuki Province, Shikoku
Go-TobaEmperor of JapanJapan1221–1239†Oki Province, Oki Islands
DemetriusKing of ThessalonicaKingdom of Thessalonica1224–1230†Holy Roman Empire
Mitso AsenTsar of Bulgaria Bulgaria1257–before 1277/78†Byzantine Empire
Ivan Asen IIITsar of Bulgaria Bulgaria1280–1303† Golden Horde
George Terter ITsar of Bulgaria Bulgaria1292–1301Byzantine Empire
Al-Nasir MuhammadSultan of Egypt Mamluk Sultanate1294–1299Al-Karak
1309–1310
Ivan IITsar of Bulgaria Bulgaria1300–before 1330†Byzantine Empire
Christopher IIKing of Denmark Denmark1326–1329Northern Germany
Ivan StefanTsar of Bulgaria Bulgaria1331–1373† Serbia
 Naples
Go-DaigoEmperor of JapanJapan1331–1333Oki Province, Oki Islands
David IIKing of Scots Scotland1333–1341 France
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn OthmanSultan of MoroccoMorocco1348–1351†High Atlas
Muhammad VSultan of Granada Granada1359–1362Morocco Morocco
Leo VKing of ArmeniaArmenian Kingdom of Cilicia1375–1393† Mamluk Sultanate
 Castile
 France
GongyangKing of Goryeo Goryeo1392–1394†Wonju, Joseon
Samcheok, Joseon
Min Saw MonKing of ArakanKingdom of Mrauk U1406–1429Bengal Sultanate
Constantine IITsar of Bulgaria Tsardom of Vidin1422–1422† Serbia
DanjongKing of JoseonJoseon1457–1457†Yeongwol
Muhammad XIISultan of Granada Granada1492–1533†Morocco Morocco
Piero de' MediciLord of Florence Florence1494–1503† Venice
 Naples
Eberhard IIDuke of Württemberg Württemberg1498–1504† Electoral Palatinate
YeonsangunKing of JoseonJoseon1506–1506†Ganghwa Island
TabarijiSultan of Ternate Sultanate of Ternate1535–1544Goa, Portuguese India
HairunSultan of Ternate Sultanate of Ternate1544–1546Goa, Portuguese India
Narapati IVKing of AvaKingdom of Ava1555–unknownPegu
António IKing of Portugal Kingdom of Portugal1580–1595† France
Saidi BerkatSultan of Ternate Sultanate of Ternate1606–1628† Spanish Philippines
Rory O'DonnellKing of TyrconnellTyrconnell1607–1608† Spanish Netherlands
 Papal States
Khalifeh SoltanGrand Vizier of the Safavid Empire Safavid Empire1632–1645Qom
NgarolamoSultan of TidoreSultanate of Tidore1634–1639† Sultanate of Ternate
Charles IIKing of England and Ireland
King of Scotland		 England
 Scotland
 Ireland		1651–1660 France
The Low Countries
Zhu Youlang (Yongli Emperor)Emperor of the Southern MingSouthern Ming1661–1662†Burma
Govinda ManikyaMaharaja of TripuraTwipra Kingdom1661–1667Chittagong Hill Tracts
Kingdom of Mrauk U
James II and VIIKing of England and Ireland
King of Scotland		 England
 Scotland
 Ireland		1688–1701† France
Chakdor NamgyalKing of Sikkim Sikkim1700–1707Tibet
Charles XIIKing of Sweden Sweden1709–1714Ottoman Empire
Vakhtang VIKing of KartliKingdom of Kartli1724–1737†Russian Empire
Theodore IKing of Corsica Kingdom of Corsica1736–1756† Dutch Republic
 Great Britain
Pasquale PaoliPresident of CorsicaCorsica Corsican Republic1769–1790 Great Britain
 United Kingdom
1795–1807†
Chaophraya Nakhon (Nu)King of Nakhon Si ThammaratNakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom1770–1776 Thonburi Kingdom
Şahin GirayKhan of CrimeaKhanate of Crimea1783–1787†Russian Empire
Ottoman Empire
Tenzing NamgyalKing of Sikkim Sikkim1788–1793†Tibet
Louis XVIIIKing of France France1791–1814 Prussia
 Great Britain
 Russia
William I and VIKing of the Netherlands
Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Prince of Orange-Nassau		 Netherlands
 Luxembourg		1795–1813 Great Britain
 Prussia
Shah Shujah DurraniEmir of Afghanistan Durrani Empire1809–1839Punjab
Cornelio SaavedraPresident of the Primera Junta United Provinces of the Río de la Plata1811–1815 Chile
Hamengkubuwono IISultan of YogyakartaYogyakarta Sultanate1812–1815 Penang
1817–1826Ambon,  Dutch East Indies
TenskwatawaLeader of Tecumseh's ConfederacyTecumseh's Confederacy1813–1824 Canada
NapoleonEmperor of the French France1814–1815 Elba
1815–1821†United Kingdom Saint Helena
Sri Vikrama RajasinhaKing of Kandy Kingdom of Kandy1815–1832†Vellore Fort, British India
Baji Rao IIPeshwa Maratha Confederacy1818–1851†Bithur, British India
Ahmad Tajuddin IISultan of Kedah Kedah Sultanate1821–1842 Penang
Malacca
Bernabé AráozPresident of the Republic of Tucumán Republic of Tucumán1823–1824 Salta, Río de la Plata
Agustín IEmperor of Mexico Mexico1823–1824Tuscany Tuscany
 United Kingdom
Charles XKing of France France1830–1836† United Kingdom
 Austrian Empire
Louis XIX1830–1844†
Henry V1830–1883†
Charles IIDuke of Brunswick Brunswick1830–1873† United Kingdom
 France
  Switzerland
Pakubuwono VISusuhunan of Surakarta Surakarta Sunanate1830–1849†Ambon,  Dutch East Indies
Miguel IKing of Portugal Portugal1834–1847 Papal States
1847–1851 United Kingdom
1851–1866† Baden
Antonio López de Santa AnnaPresident of Mexico Mexico1836–1837 United States
1845–1846 Cuba
1848–1853United Kingdom British Jamaica
Colombia
1855–1864 Cuba
Colombia
St. Thomas
 United States
1864–1867 Cuba
St. Thomas
 United States
1867–1874 Cuba
 Dominican Republic
 Bahamas
Pratap SinghChhatrapati Maratha Confederacy1839–1847†Benares State, British India
Joaquin Mora FernandezHead of State of Costa Rica Costa Rica1839–1842 Chile
Dost Mohammad KhanEmir of Afghanistan Emirate of Afghanistan1840–1842Mussoorie
Tomás BobadillaPresident of the Dominican Republic Dominican Republic1844–1849
1868–1871† Puerto Rico
 Haiti
Louis Philippe IKing of the French France1848–1850† United Kingdom
Juan Manuel de RosasGovernor of Buenos Aires Argentina1852–1877† United Kingdom
Duleep SinghMaharaja Sikh Empire1854–1893† United Kingdom
Wajid Ali ShahNawab of Awadh Oudh State1856–1887†Metiabruz,  Bengal Presidency
Bahadur Shah IIMughal EmperorMughal Empire1857–1862† British Burma
Birjis QadrNawab of Awadh Oudh State1858–1887 Nepal
Faustin IEmperor of Haiti Haiti1858–1867United Kingdom British Jamaica
Bartolomé CalvoPresident of the Granadine Confederation Granadine Confederation1861–1876 Puerto Rico
 Ecuador
José Antonio PáezPresident of Venezuela Venezuela1863–1873† United States
George VKing of Hanover Hanover1866–1878† Austria
 France
Napoleon IIIEmperor of the French France1871–1873† United Kingdom
Muhammad Khudayar KhanKhan of KokandKhanate of Kokand1875–1886† Russian Empire
 Emirate of Afghanistan
Abdullah IISultan of Perak Perak1876–1894 British Mauritius (Seychelles)
Michel DominguePresident of Haiti Haiti1876–1877† British Jamaica
Ismail PashaKhedive of Egypt Egypt1879–1895† Italy
 Ottoman Empire
Thibaw MinKing of BurmaKonbaung dynasty Burma1885–1916† British India
JajaKing of OpoboOpobo1887–1891† Gold Coast
 United Kingdom
British Windward Islands
Hàm NghiEmperor of VietnamĐại Nam1888–1943† French Algeria
Pedro IIEmperor of Brazil Brazil1889–1891† France
DinuzuluKing of the Zulu NationZulu Kingdom1890–1897 Saint Helena
Yusuf Ali KenadidSultan of Hobyo Sultanate of Hobyo1890–1911†Aden Protectorate
 Italian Eritrea
GungunhanaEmperor of GazaGaza Empire1895–1906† Portugal
 Azores, Portugal
Khalid bin BarghashSultan of Zanzibar Zanzibar1896–1927† German East Africa
British Mauritius (Seychelles)
 Saint Helena
 British East Africa
WobghoMogho Naba of OuagadougouOuagadougou1897–1904† Gold Coast
Ranavalona IIIQueen of Madagascar Madagascar1897–1907† Réunion
French Algeria
OvonramwenKing of BeninBenin1897–1914† British Southern Nigeria
Manuel BarillasPresident of Guatemala Guatemala1898–1907† Mexico
Paul KrugerPresident of the South African Republic Transvaal1900–1904† Netherlands
 France
  Switzerland
Francis William ReitzPresident of the Orange Free State Orange Free State1902–1907 Netherlands
Mussa MolohKing of FuladuFuladu1903–1931† British Gambia
British Sierra Leone
Thành TháiEmperor of Vietnam French Annam1907–1954 French Cochinchina
Réunion
Pierre Nord AlexisPresident of Haiti Haiti1908–1910† British Jamaica
 United States
Cipriano CastroPresident of Venezuela Venezuela1909–1924† United States
Mohammad Ali Shah QajarShah of Iran Iran1909–1925† Russian Empire (1909–1920)
 Ottoman Empire (1920–1921)
 Italy (1921–1925)
José Santos ZelayaPresident of Nicaragua Nicaragua1909–1919† Spain
 United States
Manuel IIKing of Portugal Portugal1910–1932† Gibraltar
 United Kingdom
Porfirio DíazPresident of Mexico Mexico1911–1915† Spain
 France
Victoriano HuertaPresident of Mexico Mexico1914–1916† United Kingdom
 Spain
 United States
Guillermo BillinghurstPresident of Peru Peru1914–1915† Chile
Abbas IIKhedive of Egypt Egypt1914–1944† Ottoman Empire
 Italy
  Switzerland
Muhammad UsmanSultan of Ternate Sultanate of Ternate1915–1932Java,  Dutch East Indies
Duy TânEmperor of Vietnam French Annam1916–1945† Réunion
France
French Equatorial Africa
Alexander KerenskyPrime Minister of Russia Russia1917–1970† France
 United States
Constantine IKing of the Hellenes Greece1917–1920  Switzerland
1922–1923† Italy
Ferdinand ITsar of Bulgaria Bulgaria1918–1948† Germany
Wilhelm IIEmperor of Germany Germany1918–1941† Netherlands
Nikola IKing of Montenegro Montenegro1918–1921† France
Ludwig IIIKing of Bavaria Bavaria1918–1918 Austria
1919–1920 Hungary
 Liechtenstein
  Switzerland
Marie-AdélaïdeGrand Duchess of Luxembourg Luxembourg1919–1924† Italy
 Germany
Charles I and IVEmperor of Austria
King of Hungary		 Austria-Hungary1919–1921  Switzerland
1921–1922† Madeira, Portugal
Francisco BertrandPresident of Honduras Honduras1919–1926 United States
Symon PetliuraChairman of the Directorate of Ukraine Ukraine1920–1926 Poland
 Hungary
  Switzerland
 France
Sayid AbdullahKhan of Khiva Khanate of Khiva1920–1933† Ukrainian SSR
Mohamoud Ali ShireSultan of WarsengaliWarsangali Sultanate1920–1928 British Seychelles
Jameel Al-MadfaaiPrime Minister of Iraq Iraq1920–1923 Transjordan
1941
Mahmud BarzanjiKing of Kurdistan Kurdistan1921–1922 British India
1932–1941 Iraq (Nasiriyah)
Carlos HerreraPresident of Guatemala Guatemala1921–1930† France
Akaki ChkhenkeliPrime Minister of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic Transcaucasia1921–1959† France
Noe ZhordaniaPrime Minister of Georgia Georgia1921–1953† France
Mehmed VISultan of the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire1922–1926† Italy
Mahammad Amin RasulzadePresident of the Azerbaijani National Council Azerbaijan1922–1955† Turkey
IdrisChief of the Senussi Order
Emir of Cyrenaica
Emir of Tripolitania		 Italian Cyrenaica1922–1947 Egypt
King of Libya Libya1969–1983† Egypt
Ahmad Shah QajarShah of Iran Iran1923–1930† France
Arturo Alessandri[2]President of Chile Chile1924–1925 Italy
George IIKing of the Hellenes Greece1924–1935 Romania
1941–1945 Egypt
 United Kingdom
Hussein bin AliKing of Hejaz Hejaz1925–1930 British Cyprus
Ali bin HusseinKing of Hejaz Hejaz1925–1935† Iraq
Abd el-KrimPresident of the Republic of the Rif Republic of the Rif1926–1963† Réunion (1926–1947)
Egypt (1947–1963)
Amanullah KhanKing of Afghanistan Afghanistan1929–1960† British India
 Italy
Washington Luís[3]President of Brazil Brazil1930–1947  Switzerland
 Portugal
 United States
Carlos Ibáñez del CampoPresident of Chile Chile1931–1937 Argentina
Alfonso XIIIKing of Spain Spain1931–1941† Italy
PrajadhipokKing of Siam Siam1935–1941† United Kingdom
Niceto Alcalá-ZamoraPrime Minister of SpainSpain Spain1936–1949† France (1936–1942)
 Argentina (1942–1949)
Haile Selassie IEmperor of Ethiopia Ethiopia1936–1941 United Kingdom
Juan Bautista SacasaPresident of Nicaragua Nicaragua1936–1946† United States
Yasin al-HashimiPrime Minister of Iraq Iraq1936–1937† Lebanon
Nuri al-SaidPrime Minister of Iraq Iraq1936–1937 Egypt
1941 Transjordan
Edvard BenešPresident of Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia1938–1945 United Kingdom
Augustinas VoldemarasPrime Minister of Lithuania Lithuania1938–1939 France
1940–1942 Soviet Union
Manuel AzañaPrime Minister of SpainSpain Spain1939–1940† France
Władysław SikorskiPrime Minister of Poland Poland1939–1943† United Kingdom
 Gibraltar
Haakon VIIKing of Norway Norway1940–1945 United Kingdom
Johan NygaardsvoldPrime Minister of Norway Norway1940–1945 United Kingdom
CharlotteGrand Duchess of Luxembourg Luxembourg1940–1945 France
 Portugal
 United Kingdom
 United States
 Canada
WilhelminaQueen of the Netherlands Netherlands1940–1945 United Kingdom
Dirk Jan de GeerPrime Minister of the Netherlands Netherlands1940–1941 United Kingdom
Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy1940–1945
Hubert PierlotPrime Minister of Belgium Belgium1940–1945 United Kingdom
Antanas SmetonaPresident of Lithuania Lithuania1940–1944† United States
Eduardo SchaererPresident of Paraguay Paraguay1940–1941† Argentina
Zog IKing of Albania Albania1941–1961† United Kingdom
 France
Rezā ShāhShah of Iran Iran1941–1944† British Mauritius
 South Africa
Emmanouil TsouderosPrime Minister of Greece Greece1941–1944 Egypt
 United Kingdom
Sofoklis VenizelosPrime Minister of Greece Greece1944 Egypt
Georgios Papandreou1944–1945
Arnulfo Arias MadridPresident of Panama Panama1941–1945, 1951–1960Latin America
1968–1978, 1984–1988† United States
Moncef BeyBey of Tunis Tunisia1943–1948† French Algeria
 France
Maximiliano Hernández MartínezPresident of El Salvador El Salvador1944–1966† Honduras
Jorge UbicoPresident of Guatemala Guatemala1944–1946† United States
Isaías Medina AngaritaPresident of Venezuela Venezuela1945–1953† United States
Miklós HorthyRegent of Hungary Hungary1945–1957† France (1945–1949)
 Portugal (1949–1957)
Peter IIKing of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia1945–1970† United States
Victor Emmanuel IIIKing of Italy Italy1946–1947† Egypt
Umberto IIKing of Italy Italy1946–1983† Portugal
  Switzerland
Simeon IITsar of Bulgaria Bulgaria1946–1996 Egypt
 Spain
Leonardo Argüello BarretoPresident of Nicaragua Nicaragua1947–1947† Mexico
Pridi BanomyongPrime Minister of Thailand Thailand1947–1947
1948–1971		 Singapore
 China
 France
Thawan ThamrongnawasawatPrime Minister of Thailand Thailand1947–1948 Hong Kong
Teodoro Picado MichalskiPresident of Costa Rica Costa Rica1948–1960† Nicaragua
José Bustamante y RiveroPresident of Peru Peru1948–1955 Argentina
Rómulo BetancourtPresident of Venezuela Venezuela1948–1958 United States
 Cuba
 Costa Rica
Rómulo GallegosPresident of Venezuela Venezuela1948–1958 Cuba
 Mexico
Michael IKing of Romania Romania1948–1997 United Kingdom
  Switzerland
Sultan bin Salim Al QasimiRuler of Ras Al Khaimah Ras Al Khaimah1948–1951† Sharjah
Shukri al-QuwatliPresident of Syria Syria1949–1955 Egypt
TribhuvanKing of Nepal Nepal1950–1951 India
Carlos Prío SocarrásPresident of Cuba Cuba1952–1975† United States
FaroukKing of Egypt Egypt1952–1965† Monaco
 Italy
Fuad II1952–present  Switzerland
 France
Laureano GómezPresident of Colombia Colombia1953–1959 Spain
Mohammed VSultan of Morocco Morocco1953–1955 France (1953–1954)
 Madagascar (1954–1955)
Fawzi SeluPresident of Syria
Prime Minister of Syria		 Syria1954–early 1960s Saudi Arabia
Husni al-BaraziPrime Minister of Syria Syria1954–1975† Lebanon
 Turkey
Adib ShishakliPresident of Syria
Prime Minister of Syria		 Syria1954–1964† Lebanon
 Brazil
Jacobo ÁrbenzPresident of Guatemala Guatemala1954–1971† France
 Czechoslovakia
 Soviet Union
 Uruguay (1957–1960)
 Cuba (1960–1965)
 Mexico (1965–1971)
Juan PerónPresident of Argentina Argentina1955–1973 Venezuela (1955–1958)
 Spain (1958–1973)
Mohammed Ben AarafaSultan of Morocco Morocco1955–1976† Tangier
 France
 Lebanon
 France
Bảo ĐạiEmperor of VietnamSouth Vietnam Vietnam1955–1997† France
 Monaco
Paul MagloirePresident of Haiti Haiti1956–1986 United States
Imre NagyPrime Minister of Hungary Hungary1956–1957 Yugoslavia (embassy)
 Romania
Plaek PhibunsongkhramPrime Minister of Thailand Thailand1957–1964† Cambodia
 Japan
Gustavo Rojas PinillaPresident of Colombia Colombia1957–1958 Spain or
 Dominican Republic
Iskander MirzaPresident of Pakistan Pakistan1958–1969† United Kingdom
Marcos Pérez JiménezPresident of Venezuela Venezuela1958–1963 United States
1968–2001† Spain
Tenzin Gyatso14th Dalai Lama Tibet1959–present India
Ghalib al-HinaiImam of Oman Imamate of Oman1959–2009† Saudi Arabia
Fulgencio BatistaPresident of Cuba Cuba1959–1973† Portugal
 Spain
Anselmo Alliegro y MiláPresident of Cuba Cuba1959–1961† United States
Andrés Domingo y Morales del CastilloPresident of Cuba Cuba1959–1979† Dominican Republic
 Portugal
 United States
Syngman RheePresident of South Korea South Korea1960–1965† United States
Kigeli VKing of Rwanda Rwanda1961–2016† Tanganyika
 Uganda
 Kenya
 United States
Joaquín BalaguerPresident of the Dominican Republic Dominican Republic1962–1966 United States
Manuel Prado UgartechePresident of Peru Peru1962–1967† France
Albert KalonjiMulopwe South Kasai1962–1964 Spain
1965–?Unknown
1997–2005 France
Moïse TshombePresident of Katanga Katanga1963–1964 Northern Rhodesia
 Spain
Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo DR Congo1965–1969† Spain
 Algeria
Juan BoschPresident of the Dominican Republic Dominican Republic1963–1966 Puerto Rico
Abdullah AfeefPresident of the United Suvadive Republic United Suvadive Republic1963–1993† Seychelles
Nazim al-QudsiPresident of Syria Syria1963–1998† Lebanon
Europe
 Jordan
Khalid al-AzmPrime Minister of Syria Syria1963–1965† Lebanon
Maamun al-KuzbariPrime Minister of Syria Syria1963–1998† France
 Morocco
 Lebanon
Maarouf al-DawalibiPrime Minister of Syria Syria1963–2004† Lebanon
 Saudi Arabia
Jamshid bin AbdullahSultan of ZanzibarSultanate of Zanzibar Zanzibar1964–2020 United Kingdom
 Oman
Juscelino KubitschekPresident of Brazil Brazil1964–1967 United States
Víctor Paz EstenssoroPresident of Bolivia Bolivia1964–1978 Peru
1980–1982
SaudKing of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia1964–1969†  Switzerland
 Egypt
 Greece
João GoulartPresident of Brazil Brazil1964–1976† Uruguay (1964–1973)
 Argentina (1973–1976)
Mohamed BoudiafChairman of the High Council of State Algeria1964–1992 Morocco (Kenitra)
Fulbert YoulouPresident of the Republic of Congo Republic of Congo1965–1972† Democratic Republic of the Congo
 Spain
Nguyễn KhánhPrime Minister of South Vietnam South Vietnam1965–2013† France
 United States
Saqr bin Sultan Al QasimiRuler of Sharjah Sharjah1965–1972 Bahrain
Egypt
Mutesa IIPresident of Uganda
Kabaka of Buganda		 Uganda1966–1969† United Kingdom
Kwame NkrumahPresident of Ghana Ghana1966–1972† Guinea (1966–1971)
 Romania (1971–1972)
Mwambutsa IVKing of Burundi Burundi1966–1977† Republic of the Congo
  Switzerland
Ntare VKing of Burundi Burundi1966–1972 West Germany
 Uganda
Shakhbut bin Sultan Al NahyanRuler of Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi1966–1970 Iran
Amin al-HafizPresident of Syria Syria1966–2003 Lebanon
 Iraq
Salah al-Din al-BitarPrime Minister of Syria Syria1966–1980† Lebanon
 France
Constantine IIKing of the Hellenes Greece1967–2013 Italy
 United Kingdom
Fernando Belaúnde TerryPresident of Peru Peru1968–1980 United States
Abd ar-Razzaq an-NaifPrime Minister of Iraq Iraq1968–1978†  Switzerland
 United Kingdom
 Jordan
Muhammad al-BadrKing of YemenKingdom of Yemen Yemen1969–1996† Saudi Arabia
 United Kingdom
Norodom SihanoukPrime Minister of Cambodia Cambodia1970–1993 China
 North Korea
Said bin TaimurSultan of Oman Oman1970–1972† United Kingdom
Moshoeshoe IIKing of Lesotho Lesotho1970–1970 Netherlands
1990–1992 United Kingdom
Milton ObotePresident of Uganda Uganda1971–1979 Tanzania
1985–2005† Zambia
Ahmad bin Ali Al ThaniEmir of Qatar Qatar1972–1977† Dubai,  United Arab Emirates
Son Ngoc ThanhPrime Minister of the Khmer Republic Cambodia1972–1977† South Vietnam
 Vietnam
Mohammed Zahir ShahKing of Afghanistan Afghanistan1973–2002 Italy
Thanom KittikachornPrime Minister of Thailand Thailand1973–1976 United States
 Singapore
Américo TomásPresident of Portugal Portugal1974–1980 Brazil
Marcello CaetanoPrime Minister of Portugal Portugal1974–1980† Brazil
António de SpínolaPresident of Portugal Portugal1974–1976† Brazil
Cheng HengPresident of the Khmer Republic Cambodia1975–1992 United States
Lon NolPresident of the Khmer Republic Cambodia1975–1985† United States
In TamPrime Minister of the Khmer Republic Cambodia1975–2006† United States
Nguyễn Văn ThiệuPresident of South Vietnam South Vietnam1975–2001† United Kingdom
 United States
Nguyễn Bá CẩnPrime Minister of South Vietnam South Vietnam1975–2009† United States
Boun OumPrime Minister of Laos Laos1975–1980† France
Alimirah HanfareSultan of Aussa Aussa Sultanate1975–1991 Saudi Arabia
Abdurrahim El-KeibPrime Minister of Libya Libya1976–2011 United States
Michel MicomberoPresident of Burundi Burundi1976–1983† Somalia
James ManchamPresident of the Seychelles Seychelles1977–1992 United Kingdom
Abdul Hamid BakkushPrime Minister of Libya Libya1977–2007† Egypt
Ange-Félix PatasséPrime Minister of the Central African Empire Central African Empire1978–1979 France
 Central African Republic1980–1981 Chad
1982–1992 Togo
President of the Central African Republic2003–2009 Togo
Jafar Sharif-EmamiPrime Minister of Iran Iran1978–1998† United States
Gholam Reza AzhariPrime Minister of Iran Iran1978–2001† United States
Ali AminiPrime Minister of Iran Iran1979–1992† France
Shapour BakhtiarPrime Minister of Iran Iran1979–1991† France
Mohammad Reza PahlaviShah of Iran Iran1979–1980† Egypt
 Morocco
 Bahamas
 Mexico
 United States
 Panama
 Egypt
Idi AminPresident of Uganda Uganda1979–2003† Libya (1979–1980)
 Saudi Arabia (1980–2003)
Jean-Bédel Bokassa
(Bokassa I)		Emperor of Central Africa Central African Empire1979–1986 Ivory Coast (1979–1983)
 France (1983–1986)
Fred DegazonPresident of Dominica Dominica1979–2008† United Kingdom
Félix MalloumPresident of Chad Chad1979–2002 Nigeria
Moktar Ould DaddahPresident of Mauritania Mauritania1979–2001 France
Anastasio Somoza DebaylePresident of Nicaragua Nicaragua1979–1980† Paraguay
Pascal LissoubaPrime Minister of the Republic of the Congo Republic of Congo1979–1990 France
President of the Republic of Congo1997–2020† United Kingdom (1997–2004)
 France (2004–2020)
Ahmed Ben BellaPresident of Algeria Algeria1980–1990  Switzerland
Luís CabralPresident of Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau1980–2009† Cuba (1980–1984)
 Portugal (1984–2009)
Johan FerrierPresident of Suriname Suriname1980–2010† Netherlands
Ali ZeidanPrime Minister of Libya Libya1980–2012 India
  Switzerland
 Germany
Isabel PerónPresident of Argentina Argentina1981–present Spain
Abolhassan BanisadrPresident of Iran Iran1981–2021† France
Yusuf ZuayyinPrime Minister of Syria Syria1981–2016† United Kingdom
 Hungary
 Sweden
Luis García MezaPresident of Bolivia Bolivia1981–1995 Brazil
Jean Nguza Karl-i-BondFirst State Commissioner of Zaire Zaire1981–1985 Belgium
Prime Minister of Zaire1996–2003 South Africa
Hendrick Chin A SenPresident of Suriname Suriname1982–1995 United States
 Netherlands
Dương Văn MinhPresident of South Vietnam South Vietnam1983–2001† France
 United States
Jules SedneyPrime Minister of Suriname Suriname1983–1987 Netherlands
Ahmadou AhidjoPresident of Cameroon Cameroon1983–1989† France
 Senegal
Nguyễn Văn LộcPrime Minister of South Vietnam South Vietnam1983–1992† Singapore
 United States
 France
Benazir BhuttoPrime Minister of Pakistan Pakistan1984–1987 United Kingdom
1999–2007 United Arab Emirates
Gaafar NimeiryPresident of Sudan Sudan1985–1999 Egypt
Goukouni OueddeiPresident of Chad Chad1985–2007 Libya
 Algeria
Saeb SalamPrime Minister of Lebanon Lebanon1985–1994  Switzerland
Jean-Claude DuvalierPresident of HaitiHaiti Haiti1986–2011 France
Ferdinand MarcosPresident of the Philippines Philippines1986–1989† United States
Tito OkelloPresident of Uganda Uganda1986–1993 Kenya
Jean-Baptiste BagazaPresident of Burundi Burundi1987–1993 Libya
1998–2002 Uganda
Henri NamphyPresident of Haiti Haiti1988–2018† Dominican Republic
Ahmed al-MirghaniPresident of Sudan Sudan1989–2001 Egypt
Alfredo StroessnerPresident of Paraguay Paraguay1989–2006† Brazil
Erich HoneckerGeneral Secretary East Germany1989–1994† Soviet Union (1989–1991)
 Russia (1991–1993)
 Chile (1992–1994)
Hissène HabréPresident of Chad Chad1990–2021† Senegal
Jabir III al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-SabahEmir of Kuwait Kuwait1990–1991 Saudi Arabia
Michel AounPresident of Lebanon Lebanon1990–2005 France
Amine GemayelPresident of Lebanon Lebanon1990–2000  Switzerland
 France
 United States
Jean-Bertrand AristidePresident of Haiti Haiti1991–1994 Venezuela
 United States
2004–2011 Jamaica (2004)
 South Africa (2004–2011)
Siad BarrePresident of Somalia Somalia1991–1995† Kenya (1991)
 Nigeria (1991–1995)
Chatichai ChoonhavanPrime Minister of Thailand Thailand1991–1992 United Kingdom
Mengistu Haile MariamPresident of Ethiopia Ethiopia1991–present Zimbabwe
Sultan Ali KeshtmandChairman of the Council of Ministers of Afghanistan Afghanistan1991–present Russia
 United Kingdom
Alan GarcíaPresident of Peru Peru1992–2001 Colombia
 France
Ayaz MutallibovPresident of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan1992–2012 Russia
Mohammad NajibullahPresident of Afghanistan Afghanistan1992–1996† United Nations (mission)
Joseph Saidu MomohPresident of Sierra Leone Sierra Leone1992–2003† Guinea
Jorge Serrano ElíasPresident of Guatemala Guatemala1993–present Panama
Didier RatsirakaPresident of Madagascar Madagascar1993–1996 France
2002–2011 France
Théodore SindikubwaboPresident of Rwanda Rwanda1994–1998† Zaire
Dawda JawaraPresident of the Gambia Gambia1994–2002 Senegal
 United Kingdom
Abdumalik AbdullajanovPrime Minister of Tajikistan Tajikistan1994–present Russia
 United States
Khalifa bin Hamad Al ThaniEmir of Qatar Qatar1995–2004 France
Carlos Salinas de GortariPresident of Mexico Mexico1995–1999 United States
 Ireland
Faustin TwagiramunguPrime Minister of Rwanda Rwanda1995–2003
2003–2023†		 Belgium
Sylvestre NtibantunganyaPresident of Burundi Burundi1996–1997 United States (embassy)
Valentine StrasserHead of State of Sierra Leone Sierra Leone1996–2000 United Kingdom
Burhanuddin RabbaniPresident of Afghanistan Afghanistan1996–2001Northern Alliance
Abdalá BucaramPresident of Ecuador Ecuador1997–2017 Panama
Ahmad Tejan KabbahPresident of Sierra Leone Sierra Leone1997–1998 Guinea
Mobutu Sese SekoPresident of Zaire Zaire1997–1997† Togo
 Morocco
Akezhan KazhegeldinPrime Minister of Kazakhstan Kazakhstan1997–present United Kingdom
Joachim Yhombi-OpangoPresident of the Republic of Congo Republic of Congo1997–2007 Benin
 Ivory Coast
 France
Norodom RanariddhPrime Minister of Cambodia Cambodia1997–1998 Philippines
 Singapore
 Indonesia
2007–2008 Malaysia
Nawaz SharifPrime Minister of Pakistan Pakistan1999–2007 Saudi Arabia
 United Kingdom
2019–2023 United Kingdom[4]
Henri Konan BédiéPresident of Ivory Coast Ivory Coast1999–2001 Togo
 France
João Bernardo VieiraPresident of Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau1999–2005 Portugal
Jamil MahuadPresident of Ecuador Ecuador2000–present United States
Pierre-Célestin RwigemaPrime Minister of Rwanda Rwanda2000–2011 United States
Alberto FujimoriPresident of Peru Peru2000–2007 Japan (2000–2005)
 Chile (2005–2007)
André KolingbaPresident of the Central African Republic Central African Republic2001–2003 Uganda
2003–2010† France
Mullah OmarSupreme Leader of Afghanistan Afghanistan2001–2013† Zabul Province, Afghanistan (in hiding)[5]
Abdul KabirActing Prime Minister of Afghanistan Afghanistan2001–2021 Pakistan[6]
Gonzalo Sánchez de LozadaPresident of Bolivia Bolivia2003–present United States
Charles TaylorPresident of Liberia Liberia2003–2006 Nigeria
Martin ZiguéléPrime Minister of the Central African Republic Central African Republic2003–2005 France
Jean-Paul NgoupandéPrime Minister of the Central African Republic Central African Republic2003–2005 France
Gustavo Noboa[7]President of Ecuador Ecuador2003–2005 Dominican Republic
Norodom SihanoukKing of Cambodia Cambodia2004–2012† China
 North Korea
Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed TayaPresident of Mauritania Mauritania2005–present Gambia (2005)
 Qatar (2005–present)
Lucio GutiérrezPresident of Ecuador Ecuador2005–2005 Brazil
 Peru
 United States
Askar AkayevPresident of Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan2005–present Russia
Nikolai TanayevPrime Minister of Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan2005–2020† Russia
Thaksin ShinawatraPrime Minister of Thailand Thailand2006–2008
2008–2023		 United States
 United Kingdom
 Singapore
 China
 Hong Kong
 Cambodia
 United Arab Emirates
Pervez MusharrafPresident of Pakistan Pakistan2008–2013
2016–2023†		 United Arab Emirates
Marc RavalomananaPresident of Madagascar Madagascar2009–2014 Swaziland (2009)
 South Africa (2009–2014)
Manuel ZelayaPresident of Honduras Honduras2009–2011 Costa Rica (2009)
 Dominican Republic (2010–2011)
Kurmanbek BakiyevPresident of Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan2010–present Belarus
Zine El Abidine Ben AliPresident of Tunisia Tunisia2011–2019† Saudi Arabia
Amadou Toumani TouréPresident of Mali Mali2012–2017 Senegal
François BozizéPresident of the Central African Republic Central African Republic2013–2019 Cameroon
Michel DjotodiaPresident of the Central African Republic Central African Republic2014–2020 Benin
Tom ThabanePrime Minister of Lesotho LesothoAugust–September 2014 South Africa
Viktor YanukovychPresident of Ukraine Ukraine2014–present Russia
Mykola AzarovPrime Minister of Ukraine Ukraine2014–present Russia
Mikheil SaakashviliPresident of Georgia Georgia2014–2021 United States
 Ukraine
 Netherlands
 Ukraine
Mauricio FunesPresident of El Salvador El Salvador2014–present Nicaragua
Blaise CompaoréPresident of Burkina Faso Burkina Faso2014–present Ivory Coast
 Morocco
Abd Rabbuh Mansur HadiPresident of Yemen Yemen2015–present[note 1] Saudi Arabia
Yahya JammehPresident of the Gambia Gambia2017–present Equatorial Guinea
Rafael CorreaPresident of Ecuador Ecuador2017–present Belgium
Yingluck ShinawatraPrime Minister of Thailand Thailand2017–present Singapore
 United Kingdom
 United Arab Emirates
Evo MoralesPresident of Bolivia Bolivia2019–2020 Mexico
 Argentina
Guillaume SoroPrime Minister of Ivory Coast Ivory Coast2019–present France
 Belgium
 United Arab Emirates
Ashraf GhaniPresident of Afghanistan Afghanistan2021–present United Arab Emirates
Gotabaya RajapaksaPresident of Sri Lanka Sri LankaJuly–September 2022 Maldives
 Singapore
 Thailand
Paul-Henri Sandaogo DamibaInterim President of Burkina Faso Burkina Faso2022–present Togo
Succès MasraPrime Minister of Chad Chad2022–2023 United States
Jair BolsonaroPresident of Brazil Brazil2022–2023[8][9] United States
Ernest Bai KoromaPresident of Sierra Leone Sierra Leone2024–present Nigeria

Notes

References

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