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This article is one of a series providing information about endemism among birds in the world's various zoogeographic zones. For an overview of this subject see Endemism in birds .
Patterns of endemism Japan has no endemic families. It has one endemic genus: Apalopteron , which contains the Bonin white-eye .[1] [2] The extinct Bonin grosbeak was formerly considered the only member of the genus Chaunoproctus , but taxonomic analysis supports it as being a basal member of the rosefinch genus Carpodacus .[3]
Endemic Bird Areas Birdlife International has defined the following Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs) in Japan:
The following have been designated as secondary areas:
List of species The following is a list of bird species endemic to Japan:[1]
Resident endemics Common name Binomial Family Distribution Status Notes Copper pheasant Syrmaticus soemmerringii Phasianidae Honshu , Kyushu , and Shikoku Green pheasant Phasianus versicolor Phasianidae Honshu , Kyushu , and Shikoku Introduced to Hawaii . National bird of Japan. Japanese woodpecker Picus awokera Picidae Honshu and Kyushu Okinawa woodpecker Dendrocopos noguchii Picidae Okinawa Amami woodpecker Dendrocopos (leucotos ) owstoni Picidae Amami Ōshima Generally considered a subspecies of the white-backed woodpecker , but some consider it distinct. Bonin wood pigeon Columba versicolor Columbidae Nakodo-jima and Chichi-jima in the Bonin Islands Last seen in 1889. Ryukyu wood pigeon Columba jouyi Columbidae Various islets throughout the Ryukyu Islands Last reliably seen in 1936. Ryukyu green pigeon Treron permagnus permagnus/medioximus Columbidae Permagnus: Yakushima , Amami-Oshima , Okinawa Medioximus: Ishigaki , Iriomote , Yonaguni
Okinawa rail Gallirallus okinawae Rallidae Okinawa Amami woodcock Scolopax mira Scolopacidae Amami Oshima , Okinawa and Tokunoshima Lidth's jay Garrulus lidthi Corvidae Amami Ōshima and Tokunoshima Ryukyu minivet Pericrocotus tegimae Campephagidae Formerly the Ryukyu Islands , though have recently self-colonized Kyushu , Shikoku , and Honshu Owston's tit Sittiparus owstoni Paridae Miyakejima , Mikurajima and Hachijojima Iriomote tit Sittiparus olivaceus Paridae Yaeyama Islands Bonin thrush Zoothera terrestris Turdidae Chichijima in the Ogasawara Islands Last seen in 1828. Izu thrush Turdus celaenops Turdidae Izu and Tokara Islands Izu robin Larvivora (akahige ) tanensis Muscicapidae Izu Islands Generally considered a subspecies of the Japanese robin , but some consider it distinct. Ryukyu robin Larvivora komadori Muscicapidae Tokara Islands , Tanegashima , Okinoerabujima , Tokunoshima Okinawa robin Larvivora namiyei Muscicapidae Okinawa Ryukyu flycatcher Ficedula owstoni Muscicapidae Ryukyu Islands Bonin white-eye Apalopteron familiare Zosteropidae Hahajima formerly throughout BoninBonin grosbeak Carpodacus ferreorostris Fringillidae Chichijima in the Ogasawara Islands Last reported in 1828. Bonin greenfinch Chloris kittlitzi Fringillidae Hahajima and South Iwo Jima
Breeding endemics Common name Binomial Family Distribution Status Notes Matsudaira's storm-petrel Oceanodroma matsudairae Hydrobatidae Volcano Islands (breeding), Indian Ocean (wintering)Short-tailed albatross Phoebastria albatrus Diomedeidae Senkaku Islands , Muko-jima , and Tori-shima (breeding), broader Pacific Ocean (wintering). Extirpated as a breeder on most of the other Bonin Islands as well as the non-Japanese Marshall Islands . Also formerly bred on Bermuda in prehistoric times.Bryan's shearwater Puffinus bryani Procellaridae Bonin Islands (breeding), Pacific Ocean around the Hawaiian Islands (wintering).Bannerman's shearwater Puffinus bannermani Procellaridae Volcano Islands (breeding), Pacific Ocean around Ogasawara Group (wintering)Ijima's leaf-warbler Phylloscopus ijimae Phylloscopidae Izu Islands and Tokara Islands (breeding), Honshu , Kyushu , Nansei-shoto , the Philippines , and Taiwan (wintering)Japanese leaf warbler Phylloscopus xanthodryas Phylloscopidae All of Japan except Hokkaido (breeding), Taiwan and Southeast Asia (wintering) Yellow bunting Emberiza sulphurata Emberizidae Northern Japan barring Hokkaido (breeding), southern Japan, Taiwan , and the Philippines (wintering)
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