List of modern conflicts in the Middle East

[a].^ Unification of Saudi Arabia (combined casualties 7,989–8,989+)

Battle of Riyadh (1902) – 37 killed.

Battle of Dilam (1903) – 410 killed.

Saudi–Rashidi War (1903–1907) – 2,300+ killed.

Annexation of Al-Hasa and Qatif (1913) – unknown.

Battle of Jarrab (1915) – unknown.

Battle of Kanzaan (1915) – unknown.

First Nejd–Hejaz War, 1918–1919 – 8,392+ killed^[15]

Kuwait–Najd War (1921) – 200^[15]–800 killed.

1921 Ikhwan raid on Iraq – 700 killed.

Conquest of Ha'il – unknown.

Ikhwan raids on Transjordan 1922–1924 – 500^[76]-1,500 killed.

Second Nejd–Hejaz War (1924–1925) – 450 killed.^[15]

Ikhwan Revolt (1927–1930) – 2,000 killed.^[15]

[p].^ Middle Eastern theatre of World War I (combined casualty figure 2,825,000–5,000,000) of:

• Caucasus campaign
• Persian campaign
• Gallipoli campaign
• Mesopotamian campaign
• Sinai and Palestine campaign
• Arab Revolt
• South Arabia
• Armenian genocide – c 1.5 million dead
• Assyrian genocide – 150,000–300,000 dead
• Great Famine of Mount Lebanon – 200,000 dead

[b].^ Turkish War of Independence (combined figure 170,500–873,000+):

Greco-Turkish War – 70,000^{[citation needed]}–400,000 casualties^{[40][verification needed]}

Franco-Turkish War – 40,000 casualties.^{[citation needed]}

Turkish–Armenian War – 60,000–432,500 casualties.^[77]

Koçkiri Rebellion – 500 killed.^{[citation needed]}

Revolt of Ahmet Anzavur – unknown.

Kuva-i Inzibatiye revolt – unknown.

[c].^ Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (combined casualty figure 138,800–320,100) of:

Mahmud Barzanji revolts – unknown.

Ahmad Barzanji revolt (1931) – unknown.

1943 Iraqi Kurdish revolt (1943) – unknown.

First Iraqi–Kurdish War (1961–1970) – 75,000–105,000 killed.^[30][40]

Second Iraqi–Kurdish War (1974–1975) – 9,000 killed.^[78]
600,000 displaced^[79][80]

PUK insurgency (1976–1978) – 800 killed.

Iraqi Kurdish uprising (1982–1988) – 50,000–198,000 killed.

1991 Uprising in As Sulaymaniyah – 700–2,000 killed.

Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–1997) – 3,000^[81]–5,000 killed.

2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq – several hundred killed (≈300) on the Kurdish front, at least 24 Peshmerga soldiers killed.

[d].^ Middle Eastern theatre of World War II (combined casualty figure 12,338–14,898+) of:

Anglo-Iraqi War – at least 560 killed.^[82][83]

Farhud 175–780 killed.

Syria–Lebanon Campaign 10,404–12,964 killed.

Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 100^[15] – 1,062 killed.

Bombing of Palestine in World War II 137 deaths.^[84]

Bombing of Bahrain in World War II – unknown.

[e].^ Iran crisis of 1946 (combined casualty figure 1,921+):

Azerbaijan People's Republic crisis – 421 killed.^[85]

Republic of Mahabad crisis – ≈1,000 killed.^{[citation needed]}

Civil interregnum – 500 killed.^[86]

[f].^ Arab–Israeli conflict (combined casualty figure 76,338–87,338+):

Arab–Israeli War (1948–1949) – 14,400 casualties.

Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency and Retribution operations (1950s) – 3,456 casualties

Suez War (1956) – 3,203 killed.

Israeli–Palestinian conflict (1965–present) – 24,000 killed

Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon – 2,600–20,000 killed

Operation Litani

1982 Lebanon War

First Palestinian Intifada – 2,000 killed

Al-Aqsa Intifada – 7,000 killed

Gaza–Israel conflict – 3,500+ killed

Six-Day War (1967) – 13,976 killed.

War of Attrition (1967–1970) – 6,403 killed.

Yom Kippur War (1973) 10,000–21,000.^[87]

[g].^ North Yemen Civil War (combined 100,000–200,000 casualties):

1962 Coup d'état

Ramadan offensive

Haradh offensive

1965 Royalist offensive

Siege of Sana'a (1967)

[h].^ Lebanese Civil War (combined 39,132–43,970+ mortal casualties):

Bus massacre – 27 killed.

Hundred Days' War – 160 killed.

Karantina massacre – 1,000–1,500 killed.

Damour massacre – 684 killed.

Battle of the Hotels – 700 killed.

Black Saturday (Lebanon) – 200–600 killed.

Tel al-Zaatar massacre – 1,778–3,278 killed.

1982 Lebanon War – 28,280 killed.

Sabra and Shatila massacre – 762–3,500 killed.

War of the Camps (1986–1987) – 3,781 killed.

Mountain War – 1,600 killed.

War of Liberation (1989–1990) – unknown.

October 13 massacre – 500–700 killed, 260 civilians massacred.

[i].^ Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution (combined fatalities count 12,000):

1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran – 10,171+ killed and executed.^[88][89]

1979 Khuzestan uprising – 112+ killed.

1979 Khorasan uprising – unknown.

1979 Azeri uprising – unknown.

1979 Baluchistan uprising – 50 killed.

Iran hostage crisis – 9 killed.

1979–1980 Tehran clashes – unknown.

[j].^ Iran–Iraq War (combined death count 645,000–823,000+):

Iraqi invasion 1980

Mujahedin al-Halq uprising 1981–1982

Liberation of Khorramshahr 1982 – 17,000 killed

Operation Undeniable Victory 1982 – 50,000 mortal casualties

Operation Ramadan 1982 – 80,000 killed

Kurdish Rebellion 1983–1988 (including the Al-Anfal Campaign) 50,000–198,000 killed

Operation Before the Dawn 1983 – 6,000+ killed

Operation Dawn 3 – 162,000 killed

Operation Dawn 5 1984 – 50,000 killed

Operation Dawn 6 1984 – unknown

Operation Khaibar 1984 – 49,000 killed

Tanker War 1984

Operation Badr (1985) – 30,000–32,000

War of the Cities 1985–1987

Operation Dawn-8 1986 – unknown

Operation Karbala-4 1986 – 15,000 killed

Operation Karbala-5 – 85,000 killed

Operation Nasr 4 – unknown

Operation Karbala-10 – unknown

Operation Mersad 1987 – 4,900 killed

1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners 2,000^[90] – 30,000 executed

[k].^ Iraq War 2003–2011 (combined casualty figure of 192,361–226,056+):

2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq – 35,000 killed

Iraqi insurgency (2003–06) – 15,000 killed

Civil war in Iraq 2006–2008 – 30,000–40,000 killed

Iraqi insurgency (2008–2011) – 5,000–10,000 killed

Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq – ≈1,000 killed

Iraqi insurgency (post-U.S. withdrawal) – 54,000+ killed

War in Iraq (2013–2017) – 53,361–72,056 killed

[l].^ Sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine (combined casualties 7,813)

1921 Jaffa riots – 95 killed

1929 Palestine riots – 251 killed.^[91][92]

1933 Palestine riots – 20 killed.^[93]

Arab Revolt in Palestine – 5,000 killed.^[28]

Jewish insurgency in Palestine (1944–47) – 338 British^[94] and around 100 Palestinian Jews killed.

1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine – 2,009 killed by 1 April 1948.^[95]

[m].^ Egyptian Crisis (combined casualties 5,000+)

Egyptian Revolution of 2011 – 846 killed

Sinai insurgency – 2,800+ killed

[n].^ Syrian civil war (combined casualties 503,064–613,407)

• Civil uprising phase of the Syrian civil war –
• Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war –
• 2012–13 escalation of the Syrian civil war –
• Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war – 5,641–6,991 killed
• ISIL expansion
• Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war
  • US-led intervention in the Syrian civil war
  • Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war
• Battle of Aleppo and Operation Euphrates Shield
• Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)
• Idlib demilitarization (2018–present)
• Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019) and 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria

[o].^ Iran–Israel proxy conflict (combined casualties ≈2,000)

• 2006 Lebanon War – 1,641 killed
• Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war – several dozen killed

• Arab Spring
• British foreign policy in the Middle East
• List of Middle East peace proposals

• U.S. Involvement in Middle Eastern Conflicts from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives (archived 12 March 2012)
• Geopolitical perspective of a "new era" in the Middle East