The following table shows regularly-scheduled United States Senate elections by state by year. The table does not include appointments or special elections, though it does include elections that occurred upon a state delegation's admission or readmission to the Senate. The table also includes elections that filled vacancies to unexpired terms that had never been filled due to legislative deadlock or an elected candidate's failure to qualify. The table does not denote post-election party switching. Note that, particularly prior to the ratification of the 17th Amendment in 1913, many regular elections took place in odd years rather than in the preceding even years.
Legend
Label | Party | Label | Party | Label | Party | Label | Party | Label | Party | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PA | Pro-Administration Faction | AJ | Anti-Jacksonian | FS | Free Soil Party | SR | Silver Republican Party | — | No regularly-scheduled election | ||||
AA | Anti-Administration Faction | D | Democratic Party | A | American Party | FL | Farmer-Labor Party | I | Independent | ||||
F | Federalist Party | R | Republican Party | Po | Populist Party | Sp | Split result[1] | ||||||
DR | Democratic-Republican Party | Nu | Nullifier Party | U | Unionists[2] | ||||||||
J | Jacksonites | W | Whig Party | Ra | Readjuster Party |
Table
Analytical tables
Last updated after the 2014 elections.
Results
First Party System | Second Party System | Third Party System | Fourth Party System | Fifth Party System | Sixth Party System | Overall since 1828 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State | DR votes | F votes | % DR | D votes | AJ/W votes | Other votes | % D | D votes | R votes | Other votes | % D | D votes | R votes | Other votes | % D | State | D votes | R votes | Other votes | % D | D votes | R votes | Other votes | % D | D votes | R votes | Other votes | % D |
Alabama | 3 | 0 | 100 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 75 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Alabama | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 50 | 51 | 11 | 0 | 82 |
Alaska | Alaska | 5 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 3 | 13 | 0 | 19 | 8 | 13 | 0 | 38 | |||||||||||||||
Arizona | 7 | 1 | 0 | 88 | Arizona | 9 | 3 | 0 | 75 | 3 | 13 | 0 | 19 | 19 | 17 | 0 | 53 | |||||||||||
Arkansas | 8 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 69 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Arkansas | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 81 | 54 | 7 | 0 | 89 | |||
California | 3 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 46 | 1 | 11 | 0 | 8 | California | 4 | 8 | 0 | 33 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 81 | 27 | 28 | 1 | 48 | |||
Colorado | 0 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 58 | Colorado | 6 | 6 | 0 | 50 | 7 | 9 | 0 | 44 | 20 | 27 | 1 | 42 | |||||||
Connecticut | 2 | 8 | 20 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 33 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | Connecticut | 8 | 4 | 0 | 67 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 81 | 24 | 31 | 7 | 39 |
Delaware | 0 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 11 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 93 | 3 | 9 | 0 | 25 | Delaware | 4 | 8 | 0 | 33 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 69 | 32 | 31 | 8 | 45 |
Florida | 4 | 1 | 0 | 80 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 73 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Florida | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 10 | 6 | 0 | 63 | 46 | 9 | 1 | 82 | |||
Georgia | 9 | 1 | 90 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 70 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 91 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Georgia | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 50 | 49 | 9 | 3 | 80 |
Hawaii | Hawaii | 2 | 3 | 0 | 40 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 94 | 17 | 4 | 0 | 81 | |||||||||||||||
Idaho | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 2 | 0 | Idaho | 6 | 6 | 0 | 50 | 2 | 14 | 0 | 13 | 8 | 33 | 2 | 19 | |||||||
Illinois | 3 | 0 | 100 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 15 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 17 | Illinois | 7 | 5 | 0 | 58 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 69 | 32 | 30 | 1 | 51 |
Indiana | 4 | 0 | 100 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 67 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 62 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 33 | Indiana | 6 | 6 | 0 | 50 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 38 | 30 | 29 | 3 | 48 |
Iowa | 3 | 0 | 1 | 75 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | Iowa | 4 | 8 | 0 | 33 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 50 | 15 | 41 | 1 | 26 | |||
Kansas | 0 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 8 | Kansas | 1 | 11 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 49 | 2 | 4 | |||||||
Kentucky | 9 | 1 | 90 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 10 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 67 | Kentucky | 8 | 4 | 0 | 67 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 38 | 36 | 28 | 9 | 49 |
Louisiana | 5 | 0 | 100 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 70 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 67 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Louisiana | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 81 | 52 | 7 | 3 | 84 |
Maine | 3 | 0 | 100 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 66 | 1 | 13 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 11 | 0 | 8 | Maine | 2 | 10 | 0 | 17 | 5 | 10 | 1 | 31 | 15 | 44 | 4 | 24 |
Maryland | 6 | 4 | 60 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 2 | 85 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 58 | Maryland | 8 | 4 | 0 | 67 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 75 | 38 | 13 | 11 | 61 |
Massachusetts | 1 | 9 | 10 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 0 | 25 | Massachusetts | 5 | 7 | 0 | 42 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 94 | 23 | 31 | 9 | 37 |
Michigan | 6 | 1 | 0 | 86 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 0 | 8 | Michigan | 5 | 7 | 0 | 42 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 88 | 26 | 34 | 1 | 43 | |||
Minnesota | 1 | 13 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 10 | 2 | 0 | Minnesota | 6 | 4 | 2 | 50 | 10 | 6 | 0 | 63 | 17 | 33 | 4 | 31 | |||||||
Mississippi | 4 | 0 | 100 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 78 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 75 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Mississippi | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 4 | 12 | 0 | 25 | 44 | 15 | 2 | 72 |
Missouri | 2 | 0 | 100 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 89 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 77 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 75 | Missouri | 10 | 2 | 0 | 83 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 38 | 43 | 17 | 2 | 69 |
Montana | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 83 | Montana | 11 | 1 | 0 | 92 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 75 | 33 | 11 | 0 | 75 | |||||||
Nebraska | 0 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 17 | Nebraska | 1 | 10 | 1 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 0 | 63 | 13 | 37 | 2 | 25 | |||||||
Nevada | 1 | 10 | 1 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 50 | Nevada | 10 | 2 | 0 | 83 | 10 | 6 | 0 | 63 | 27 | 22 | 3 | 52 | |||||||
New Hampshire | 7 | 3 | 70 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 70 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 0 | 8 | New Hampshire | 2 | 10 | 0 | 17 | 4 | 12 | 0 | 25 | 14 | 47 | 2 | 22 |
New Jersey | 8 | 2 | 80 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 33 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 71 | 3 | 9 | 0 | 25 | New Jersey | 4 | 8 | 0 | 33 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 94 | 35 | 22 | 6 | 56 |
New Mexico | 4 | 4 | 0 | 50 | New Mexico | 11 | 1 | 0 | 92 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 56 | 24 | 12 | 0 | 67 | |||||||||||
New York | 6 | 4 | 60 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 63 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 23 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 33 | New York | 7 | 5 | 0 | 58 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 63 | 29 | 29 | 4 | 47 |
North Carolina | 10 | 0 | 100 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 70 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 77 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 92 | North Carolina | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 5 | 11 | 0 | 31 | 45 | 14 | 4 | 71 |
North Dakota | 1 | 3 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | North Dakota | 2 | 10 | 0 | 17 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 75 | 15 | 29 | 0 | 34 | |||||||
Ohio | 8 | 0 | 100 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 56 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 38 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 17 | Ohio | 6 | 6 | 0 | 50 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 56 | 27 | 31 | 4 | 44 |
Oklahoma | 8 | 2 | 0 | 80 | Oklahoma | 11 | 1 | 0 | 92 | 3 | 13 | 0 | 19 | 22 | 16 | 0 | 58 | |||||||||||
Oregon | 5 | 9 | 0 | 31 | 3 | 9 | 0 | 25 | Oregon | 4 | 8 | 0 | 33 | 5 | 11 | 0 | 31 | 17 | 37 | 0 | 31 | |||||||
Pennsylvania | 8 | 2 | 80 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 89 | 2 | 11 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | Pennsylvania | 5 | 7 | 0 | 42 | 2 | 14 | 0 | 13 | 17 | 44 | 1 | 27 |
Rhode Island | 5 | 5 | 50 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 17 | Rhode Island | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 69 | 27 | 29 | 7 | 43 |
South Carolina | 9 | 1 | 90 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 70 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 66 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100 | South Carolina | 11 | 1 | 0 | 92 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 38 | 44 | 15 | 3 | 71 |
South Dakota | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 1 | 17 | South Dakota | 2 | 10 | 0 | 17 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 56 | 13 | 29 | 2 | 30 | |||||||
Tennessee | 11 | 0 | 100 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 44 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 86 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Tennessee | 11 | 1 | 0 | 92 | 5 | 11 | 0 | 31 | 44 | 14 | 5 | 70 |
Texas | 4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 83 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Texas | 11 | 1 | 0 | 92 | 4 | 12 | 0 | 25 | 39 | 15 | 0 | 72 | |||
Utah | 4 | 9 | 0 | 31 | Utah | 7 | 5 | 0 | 58 | 1 | 15 | 0 | 6 | 12 | 29 | 0 | 29 | |||||||||||
Vermont | 6 | 4 | 60 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | Vermont | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 7 | 2 | 44 | 7 | 44 | 11 | 11 |
Virginia | 10 | 0 | 100 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 56 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 69 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100 | Virginia | 12 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 38 | 44 | 9 | 9 | 71 |
Washington | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 17 | Washington | 11 | 1 | 0 | 92 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 81 | 26 | 18 | 0 | 59 | |||||||
West Virginia | 8 | 3 | 2 | 62 | 3 | 9 | 0 | 25 | West Virginia | 11 | 1 | 0 | 92 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 94 | 37 | 14 | 2 | 70 | |||||||
Wisconsin | 3 | 0 | 1 | 75 | 2 | 11 | 0 | 15 | 1 | 11 | 0 | 8 | Wisconsin | 4 | 7 | 1 | 33 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 81 | 23 | 33 | 1 | 40 | |||
Wyoming | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 0 | 25 | Wyoming | 8 | 4 | 0 | 67 | 1 | 15 | 0 | 6 | 12 | 32 | 0 | 27 | |||||||
Northeast | 46 | 37 | 55 | 34 | 43 | 5 | 41 | 17 | 103 | 1 | 14 | 14 | 94 | 0 | 13 | Northeast | 45 | 63 | 0 | 42 | 82 | 56 | 4 | 58 | 191 | 319 | 51 | 34 |
South | 76 | 17 | 82 | 72 | 48 | 2 | 59 | 147 | 33 | 6 | 79 | 160 | 30 | 0 | 84 | South | 171 | 21 | 0 | 89 | 129 | 123 | 2 | 51 | 679 | 217 | 58 | 71 |
Midwest | 17 | 0 | 100 | 41 | 8 | 3 | 79 | 29 | 94 | 5 | 23 | 22 | 116 | 4 | 15 | Midwest | 58 | 84 | 4 | 40 | 108 | 85 | 0 | 56 | 258 | 380 | 23 | 39 |
West | 3 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 12 | 47 | 3 | 19 | 47 | 74 | 4 | 38 | West | 95 | 48 | 0 | 66 | 94 | 114 | 0 | 45 | 251 | 283 | 7 | 46 | |||
United States | 139 | 54 | 72 | 150 | 95 | 10 | 59 | 205 | 277 | 15 | 41 | 143 | 314 | 8 | 31 | United States | 369 | 216 | 4 | 63 | 412 | 378 | 7 | 52 | 1378 | 1199 | 140 | 51 |
State | DR votes | F votes | % DR | D votes | AJ/W votes | Other votes | % D | D votes | R votes | Other votes | % D | D votes | R votes | Other votes | % D | State | D votes | R votes | Other votes | % D | D votes | R votes | Other votes | % D | D votes | R votes | Other votes | % D |
First Party System | Second Party System | Third Party System | Fourth Party System | Fifth Party System | Sixth Party System | Overall since 1828 |
States across party systems
S indicates that a state was split between the two major parties and did not elect either party more than 60 percent of the time. A * sign indicates that a state elected that party at least 80 percent of the time. No * sign indicates that the state elected that party between 60 and 80 percent of the time.
Party systems | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State | 1789-1792 | 1st | 1824-1826 | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 2000-2014[8] |
Alabama | — | DR* | J | D* | D | D* | D* | S | R* |
Alaska | — | — | — | — | — | — | D* | R* | R* |
Arizona | — | — | — | — | — | D* | D | R* | R* |
Arkansas | — | — | — | D* | D | D* | D* | D* | D |
California | — | — | — | — | S | R* | R | D* | D* |
Colorado | — | — | — | — | R* | S | S | S | D |
Connecticut | PA* | F* | AJ | W | R* | R* | D | D* | D* |
Delaware | PA | F* | J | W* | D* | R | R | D | D* |
Florida | — | — | — | D* | D | D* | D* | D | D |
Georgia | AA* | DR* | J | D | D* | D* | D* | S | R* |
Hawaii | — | — | — | — | — | — | R | D* | D* |
Idaho | — | — | — | — | R* | R* | S | R* | R* |
Illinois | — | DR* | J | D* | R | R* | S | D | D* |
Indiana | — | DR* | AJ | D | D | R | S | R | R |
Iowa | — | — | — | D | R* | R* | R | S | R |
Kansas | — | — | — | — | R* | R* | R* | R* | R* |
Kentucky | AA* | DR* | J | W* | D* | D | D | R | R* |
Louisiana | — | DR* | AJ | D | D | D* | D* | D* | R |
Maine | — | DR* | J | D | R* | R* | R* | R | R* |
Maryland | PA* | DR | J | W* | D* | S | D | D | D* |
Massachusetts | PA* | F* | AJ | W* | R* | R | S | D* | D* |
Michigan | — | — | — | D* | R* | R* | S | D* | D* |
Minnesota | — | — | — | — | R* | R* | S | D | D* |
Mississippi | — | DR* | J | D | D | D* | D* | R | R* |
Missouri | — | DR* | S | D* | D | D | D* | R | R |
Montana | — | — | — | — | R* | D* | D* | D | D |
Nebraska | — | — | — | — | R* | R* | R* | D | S |
Nevada | — | — | — | — | R* | S | D* | D | R |
New Hampshire | AA | DR | J | D | R* | R* | R* | R | R |
New Jersey | S | DR* | AJ | W | D | R | R | D* | D* |
New Mexico | — | — | — | — | — | S | D* | S | D* |
New York | AA | DR | J | D | R | R | S | D | D* |
North Carolina | PA | DR* | J | D | D | D* | D* | R | R* |
North Dakota | — | — | — | — | R | R* | R* | D | D* |
Ohio | — | DR* | AJ | S | R | R* | S | S | R |
Oklahoma | — | — | — | — | — | D* | D* | R* | R* |
Oregon | — | — | — | — | R | R | R | R | D* |
Pennsylvania | AA | DR* | S | D* | R* | R* | S | R* | R |
Rhode Island | PA | S | AJ | W | R* | R* | D* | D | D* |
South Carolina | PA | DR* | J | D | D | D* | D* | R | R* |
South Dakota | — | — | — | — | R | R* | R* | S | R |
Tennessee | — | DR* | J | S | D* | D* | D* | R | R* |
Texas | — | — | — | D* | D* | D* | D* | R | R* |
Utah | — | — | — | — | — | R | S | R* | R* |
Vermont | AA* | DR | AJ | W* | R* | R* | R* | S | S |
Virginia | AA* | DR* | J | S | D | D* | D* | S | D |
Washington | — | — | — | — | R* | R* | D* | D* | D* |
West Virginia | — | — | — | — | D | R | D* | D* | D* |
Wisconsin | — | — | — | D | R* | R* | S | D* | D* |
Wyoming | — | — | — | — | R* | R | D | R* | R* |
State | 1789-1792 | 1st | 1824-1826 | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 2000- 2014 |
Region | 1789-1792 | 1st | 1824-1826 | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 2000-2014[8] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northeast | PA | S | AJ | S | R* | R* | S | S | D |
South | S | DR* | J* | S | D | D* | D* | S | R |
Midwest | — | DR* | AJ | D | R | R* | S | S | S |
West | — | — | — | D* | R | S | D | S | S |
United States | S | DR | S | S | S | R | D | S | S |
See also
References
- Martis, Kenneth C. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress.