Since the Supreme Court of the United States was established in 1789, 114 persons have served on the court. Of these, several also served in the United States Congress, either before or after their tenure as a justice. Six were incumbent members of the Senate at the time of their appointment,[1] while one—James Moore Wayne—was an incumbent member of the House of Representatives. The others had previously served in the Senate or the House or both. Additionally, one justice—David Davis—resigned from the Supreme Court to serve in the Senate.
Senators
There have been 14 Supreme Court justices with prior service in the Senate, and one with subsequent Senate service.[2]
| Image | Senator | State | Senate service | Supreme Court service | I/F | Appointing president |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) | Hugo Black | Alabama | 1927–1937 | 1937–1971 | I | Roosevelt, F. D. |
.jpg) | Harold Hitz Burton | Ohio | 1941–1945 | 1945–1958 | I | Truman |
 | James F. Byrnes[a] | South Carolina | 1931–1941 | 1941–1942 | I | Roosevelt, F. D. |
 | Oliver Ellsworth | Connecticut | 1789–1796 | 1796–1800 | I | Washington |
 | Edward Douglass White | Louisiana | 1891–1894 | 1894–1921 | I | Cleveland |
 | Levi Woodbury | New Hampshire | 1825–1831; 1841–1845 | 1845–1851 | I | Polk |
 | David Davis | Illinois | 1877–1883 | 1862–1877 | •[b] | Lincoln |
 | Howell Edmunds Jackson | Tennessee | 1881–1886 | 1893–1895 | F | Harrison, B. |
 | Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar[a] | Mississippi | 1877–1885 | 1888–1893 | F | Cleveland |
.jpg) | Salmon P. Chase | Ohio | 1849–1855; 1861–1861 | 1864–1873 | F | Lincoln |
 | Stanley Matthews | Ohio | 1877–1879 | 1881–1889 | F | Garfield |
 | John McKinley[a] | Alabama | 1826–1831; 1837–1837 | 1838–1852 | F | Van Buren |
 | Sherman Minton | Indiana | 1935–1941 | 1949–1956 | F | Truman |
 | George Sutherland[a] | Utah | 1905–1917 | 1922–1938 | F | Harding |
.jpg) | William Paterson | New Jersey | 1789–1790 | 1793–1806 | F | Washington |
Representatives
There have been 17 Supreme Court justices with prior service in the House of Representatives.[3]
| Image | Representative | District | House service | Supreme Court service | I/F | Appointing president |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) | Henry Baldwin | PA 14 | 1817–1822 | 1830–1844 | F | Jackson |
 | Philip P. Barbour[c] | VA 11 | 1814–1825; 1827–1830 | 1836–1841 | F | Jackson |
 | James F. Byrnes[d] | SC 2 | 1911–1925 | 1941–1942 | F | Roosevelt, F. D. |
 | Nathan Clifford | ME 1 | 1839–1843 | 1858–1881 | F | Buchanan |
 | Gabriel Duvall | MD 2 | 1794–1796 | 1811–1835 | F | Madison |
| | Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar[d] | MS 1 | 1857–1860; 1873–1877 | 1888–1893 | F | Cleveland |
 | John Marshall | VA 13 | 1799–1800 | 1801–1835 | F | Adams, J. |
.jpg) | Joseph McKenna | CA 3 | 1885–1891 | 1898–1925 | F | McKinley |
| | John McKinley[d] | AL 2 | 1833–1835 | 1838–1852 | F | Van Buren |
 | John McLean | OH 1 | 1813–1816 | 1830–1861 | F | Jackson |
 | William Henry Moody | MA 6 | 1895–1902 | 1906–1910 | F | Roosevelt, T. |
 | Mahlon Pitney | NJ 4 | 1895–1899 | 1912–1922 | F | Taft |
 | Joseph Story | MA 2 | 1808–1809 | 1812–1845 | F | Madison |
 | William Strong | PA 9 | 1847–1851 | 1870–1880 | F | Grant |
| | George Sutherland[d] | UT 1 | 1901–1903 | 1922–1938 | F | Harding |
 | Fred M. Vinson | KY 9 | 1924–1929; 1931–1938 | 1946–1953 | F | Truman |
 | James Moore Wayne | GA AL | 1829–1835 | 1835–1867 | I | Jackson |