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List of Joseon royal consorts

The following is a list of queen consorts, queen dowagers and grand queen dowagers of Kingdom of Joseon and empress consort and empress dowager of Korean Empire.

Title

The Joseon dynasty (also transcribed as Chosŏn or Chosun, Korean: 대조선국; 大朝鮮國, lit. 'Great Chosun Country') was a Korean dynastic kingdom that lasted for five centuries.[1] Joseon King accepted Chinese suzerainty and acknowledged the Chinese emperor as their nominal overlord[2] until the Gabo Reform in December 1894. The Primary Consort of the Joseon King bore the title wangbi (왕비, 王妃),[a] translated as Queen in English, with the style of "Her Royal Highness" (mama; 마마, 媽媽). The title used in the court language was junggungjeon (중궁전, 中宮殿) or jungjeon (중전, 中殿), translated as "Center Palace" in English. Wanghu (왕후, 王后), the title for the Primary Consort of the King during pre-Joseon era, became a posthumous title.

The title Royal Queen Dowager (왕대비, 王大妃)[b] was given to the widow of a king. Queen Dowager (대비, 大妃),[c] originally was the short form of Royal Queen Dowager, but it became a lesser rank title during the reign of King Cheoljong and King Gojong. The widow of the previous king was called the Grand Royal Queen Dowager (대왕대비, 大王大妃),.[d]

After Second Gabo Reform in December 1894, which proclaimed the severance of the subordinate relationship with China, royal titles also changed. The title changed from wangbi to wanghu and from wangdaebi to wangtaehu (왕태후, 王太后).[e]

In October 1897, King Gojong proclaimed Korea as an empire and he assumed the title of Emperor (hwangje; 황제, 皇帝) in order to assert Korea's independence. Automatically, his wife held the title of empress consort (hwanghu; 황후, 皇后)[f] and the monarch's widow held the title empress dowager (hwangtaehu; 황태후, 皇太后). From all the consorts of Joseon's ruler, only Empress Sunjeong held the rank of empress consort during her lifetime. Empress Myeongseong died in 1895, two years before the Korean Empire was proclaimed.

List

Queens and empresses consort

Kingdom of Joseon

KingQueen consortBirthBecame ConsortCeased to be consortDeath
Posthumous name and maiden clanTitles
Yi Dan,
King Taejo		Queen Sinui
of the Anbyeon Han clan		Queen Jeol (절비)133721 October 1391
Queen Sindeok
of the Goksan Kang clan		Queen Hyeon (현비)12 July 135617 July 139215 September 1396
Yi Gyeong,
King Jeongjong		Queen Jeongan
of the Gyeongju Kim clan		Crown Princess Deok (덕빈)
Queen Deok (덕비)
Queen Dowager Sundeok (순덕왕대비)		22 January 13555 September 139828 November 1400
husband's abdication		2 August 1412
Yi Bang-won,
King Taejong		Queen Wongyeong
of the Yeoheung Min clan		Princess Jeongnyeong (정녕옹주)
Crown Princess Jeong (정세자빈)
Queen Jeong (정비)
Queen Dowager Hudeok (후덕왕대비)		29 July 136510 January 14019 September 1418
husband’s abdication		18 August 1420
Yi Do,
King Sejong		Queen Soheon
of the Cheongseong Sim clan		Princess Gyeongsuk (경숙옹주)
Crown Princess Gyeong (경빈)
Queen Gong (공비)		12 October 13959 September 141819 April 1446
Yi Hyang,
King Munjong		Queen Hyeondeok
of the Andong Kwon clan		Royal Consort Seung-hwi (승휘)
Royal Consort Yang-won (양원)
Crown Princess Consort Hyeondeok (현덕빈)		17 April 141810 August 1441
Yi Hong-wi,
King Danjong		Queen Jeongsun
of the Yeosan Song clan		Queen
Queen Dowager Uideok (의덕왕대비)		1440145411 June 1455
husband's deposition		7 July 1521
Yi Yu,
King Sejo		Queen Jeonghui
of the Papyeong Yun clan		Grand Internal Princess Consort Nakrang (낙랑부대부인)
Queen
Queen Dowager Jaseong (자성왕대비)
Grand Queen Dowager Jaseong (자성대왕대비)		8 December 1418145523 September 1468
husband's death		6 May 1483
Yi Hwang,
King Yejong		Han Naeng-yi, Queen Jangsun
of the Cheongju Han clan		Princess Jangsun
Crown Princess Consort Jangsun (장순세자빈)		22 February 14455 January 1462
Queen Ansun
of the Cheongju Han clan		Royal Consort So-hun (소훈)
Queen
Queen Dowager Inhye (인혜왕대비)
Grand Queen Dowager Inhye (인혜대왕대비)		18 April 1445146831 December 1469
husband's death		3 February 1499
Yi Hyeol,
King Seongjong		Han Song-yi, Queen Gonghye
of the Cheongju Han clan		Princess Consort Cheonan (천안군부인)
Queen		8 November 1456146930 April 1474
Queen Jeheon
of the Haman Yun clan		Royal Consort Suk-ui (숙의)
Queen
Deposed Queen (폐비)		15 July 145514761479
deposed		29 August 1482
Yun Chang-nyeon, Queen Jeonghyeon
of the Papyeong Yun clan		Royal Consort Suk-ui (숙의)
Queen
Queen Dowager Jasun (자순왕대비)		21 July 146214801494
husband's death		13 September 1530
Yi Yung,
Prince Yeonsan		Princess Consort Geochang
of the Geochang Shin clan		Princess Consort Geochang (거창군부인)
Princess Consort Yeonsan (연산군부인)
Queen Jeinwondeok (제인원덕왕비)
Deposed Queen Sin (폐비 신씨)		15 December 147614942 September 1506
husband's deposition		16 May 1537
Yi Yeok,
King Jungjong		Queen Dangyeong
of the Geochang Shin clan		Princess Consort (부부인)
Queen
Deposed Queen (폐비)		7 February 148718 September 150625 September 1506
deposed		27 December 1557
Yun Myung-hye, Queen Janggyeong
of the Papyeong Yun clan		Queen10 August 1491150716 March 1515
Queen Munjeong
of the Papyeong Yun clan		Queen
Queen Dowager Seongryeol (성렬왕대비)
Grand Queen Dowager Seongryeol (성렬대왕대비)		2 December 1501151729 November 1544
husband's death		5 May 1565
Yi Ho,
King Injong		Queen Inseong
of the Bannam Park clan		Queen
Queen Dowager Gongui (공의왕대비)		7 October 151415448 August 1545
husband's death		6 January 1578
Yi Hwan,
King Myeongjong		Queen Insun
of the Cheongsong Sim clan		Queen
Queen Dowager Uiseong (의성왕대비)		27 June 153215453 August 1567
husband's death		12 February 1575
Yi Yeon,
King Seonjo		Queen Uiin
of the Bannam Park clan		Queen5 May 155515695 August 1600
Queen Inmok
of the Yeonan Kim clan		Queen
Queen Dowager Soseong (소성왕대비)
Grand Queen Dowager Myeongryeol (명렬대왕대비)		15 December 1584160216 March 160813 August 1632
Yi Hon,
Prince Gwanghae		Queen Hyejang
of the Munhwa Yu Clan		Princess Consort Munseong (문성군부인)
Crown Princess (왕세자빈)
Queen
Deposed Queen (폐비)		15 August 157616081623
husband's deposition		31 October 1623
Yi Jong,
King Injo		Queen Inyeol
of the Cheongju Han clan		Princess Cheongseong (청성현부인)
Queen		16 August 1594162316 January 1636
Queen Jangnyeol
of the Yangju Jo clan		Queen
Queen Dowager Jaui (자의왕대비)
Grand Queen Dowager Jaui (자의대왕대비)		16 December 1624December 163817 June 1649
husband's death		20 September 1688
Yi Ho,
King Hyojong		Queen Inseon
of the Deoksu Jang clan		Princess Consort Pungan (풍안부부인)
Queen
Queen Dowager Hyosuk (효숙왕대비)		9 February 1619164923 June 1659
husband's death		19 March 1674
Yi Yeon,
King Hyeonjong		Queen Myeongseong
of the Cheongpung Kim clan		Queen
Queen Dowager Hyeonryeol (현렬왕대비)		13 June 1642165917 September 1674
husband's death		21 January 1684
Yi Sun,
King Sukjong		Kim Ok-Hye, Queen Ingyeong
of the Gwangsan Kim clan		Crown Princess (왕세자빈)
Queen		25 October 1661167416 December 1680
Queen Inhyeon
of the Yeoheung Min clan		Queen
Deposed Queen (폐비)
Queen		15 May 166716815 March 1688
deposed
1694
reinstallation		16 September 1701
Jang Ok-jeong, Queen Buok
of the Indong Jang clan		Suk-won (숙원)
So-ui (소의)
Hui-bin (희빈)
Queen
Hui-bin (희빈)		3 November 165916881694
deposed		9 November 1701
Queen Inwon
of the Gyeongju Kim clan		Queen
Queen Dowager Hyesun (혜순왕대비)
Grand Queen Dowager Hyesun (혜순대왕대비)		3 November 1687170212 July 1720
husband's death		13 May 1757
Yi Yun,
King Gyeongjong		Queen Danui
of the Cheongsong Sim clan		Crown Princess Consort (세자빈)11 July 168620 May 16968 March 1718
Queen Seonui
of the Hamjong Eo clan		Queen
Queen Dowager Gyeongsun (경순왕대비)		14 December 1705172011 October 1724
husband's death		12 August 1730
Yi Geum,
King Yeongjo		Queen Jeongseong
of the Dalseong Seo clan		Princess Consort Dalseong (달성군부인)
Queen		12 January 169330 November 17243 April 1757
Queen Jeongsun
of the Gyeongju Kim clan		Queen
Queen Dowager Yesun (예순왕대비)
Grand Queen Dowager Yesun (예순대왕대비)		2 December 1745175922 April 1776
husband's death		11 February 1805
Yi San,
King Jeongjo		Queen Hyoui
of the Cheongpung Kim clan		Consort of the Heir grandson (세손빈)
Queen
Queen dowager		5 January 1754177618 August 1800
husband's death		10 April 1821
Yi Gong,
King Sunjo		Queen Sunwon
of the Andong Kim clan		Queen
Queen Dowager Myeonggyeong (명경왕대비)
Grand Queen Dowager Myeonggyeong (명경대왕대비)		8 June 1789180213 December 1834
husband's death		21 September 1857
Yi Hwan,
King Heonjong		Queen Hyohyeon
of the Andong Kim clan		Queen27 April 1828183718 October 1843
Queen Hyojeong
of the Namyang Hong clan		Queen
Queen Mother Myeonghyeon
Queen Dowager Myeongheon (명헌대비 → 명헌왕대비 → 명헌왕태후)
Empress Dowager Myeongheon (명헌태후)		6 March 1831184425 July 1849
husband's death		2 January 1904
Yi Byeon,
King Cheoljong		Queen Cheorin
of the Andong Kim clan		Queen
Queen Mother Myeongsun (명순대비)
Queen Dowager Myeongsun (명순대비)		27 April 1837185116 January 1864
husband's death		12 June 1878
Yi Hui,
King Gojong
Emperor Gwangmu		Min Ja-yeong, Empress Myeongseong
of the Yeoheung Min clan		Queen (왕비 → 왕후)
Queen Regent
Queen (왕후)
Queen Regent		17 November 185120 March 1866
as wangbi		January 1895
as wangbi
January 1895
as wanghu		8 October 1895
as wanghu

Korean Empire

EmperorEmpress consortBirthBecame empress consortCeased to be empress consortDeath
Posthumous name and maiden clanTitles
Yi Cheok,
King Sunjong		Empress Sunmyeong
of the Yeoheung Min clan		Imperial Crown Princess (황태자비)20 November 18725 November 1904
Yun Jeung-sun, Empress Sunjeong
of the Haepyeong Yun clan		Imperial Crown Princess (황태자비)
Empress
Queen Consort Yi (이왕비)
Queen Dowager Yi (이왕대비)		19 September 189420 July 190729 August 1910
husband's deposition		3 February 1966

Queens and empresses dowager

Kingdom of Joseon

KingRelationship with queen dowagerQueen dowagerClanHusbandTenureDeath
Honorary namePosthumous name
Yi Bang-won,
King Taejong		Wife of the king emeritus
Sister-in-law		Queen Dowager SundeokQueen JeonganGyeongju KimYi Gyeong,
King Jeongjong		28 November 1400 – 2 August 14122 August 1412
Yi Do,
King Sejong		Widow of a previous king
Birth mother		Queen Dowager HudeokQueen WongyeongYeoheung MinYi Bang-won,
King Taejong		9 September 1418 – 18 August 142018 August 1420
Yi Yu,
King Sejo		Wife of the king emeritus
Niece-in-law		Queen Dowager UideokQueen JeongsunYeosan SongYi Hong-wi,
King Danjong		1455 – 14577 July 1521
Yi Hwang,
King Yejong		Widow of a previous king
Birth mother		Queen Dowager JaseongQueen JeonghuiPapyeong YunYi Yu,
King Sejo		1468 – 14696 May 1483
Yi Hyeol,
King Seongjong		Widow of a previous king
Aunt-in-law		Queen Dowager InhyeQueen AnsunCheongju HanYi Hwang,
King Yejong		1469 – 14943 February 1499
Birth motherQueen Dowager InsuQueen SohyeCheongju HanYi Jang, Crown Prince Uigyeong1474 – 149411 May 1504
Yi Yung,
Prince Yeonsan		Widow of a previous king
Step-mother		Queen Dowager JasunQueen JeonghyeonPapyeong YunYi Hyeol,
King Seongjong		1494 – 13 September 153013 September 1530
Yi Yeok,
King Jungjong		Widow of a previous king
Birth mother
Yi Ho,
King Injong		Widow of a previous king
Step-mother		Queen Dowager SeongryeolQueen MunjeongPapyeong YunYi Yeok,
King Jungjong		1544 – 15455 May 1565
Yi Hwan,
King Myeongjong		Widow of a previous king
Sister-in-law		Queen Dowager GonguiQueen InseongBannam ParkYi Ho,
King Injong		1545 – 6 January 15786 January 1578
Yi Yeon,
King Seonjo		Widow of a previous king
Aunt-in-law
Widow of a previous king
Aunt-in-law
Adopted mother		Queen Dowager UiseongQueen InsunCheongsong ShimYi Hwan,
King Myeongjong		1567 – 12 February 157512 February 1575
Yi Hon,
Prince Gwanghae		Widow of a previous king
Step-mother		Queen Dowager SoseongQueen InmokYeonan KimYi Yeon,
King Seonjo		1608 – 162413 August 1632
Yi Jong,
King Injo		Widow of a previous king
Step-grandmother
Yi Ho,
King Hyojong		Widow of a previous king
Step-mother		Queen Dowager JauiQueen JangnyeolYangju JoYi Jong,
King Injo		1649 – 165920 September 1688
Yi Yeon,
King Hyeonjong		Widow of a previous king
Birth mother		Queen Dowager HyosukQueen InseonDeoksu JangYi Ho,
King Hyojong		1659 – 19 March 167419 March 1674
Yi Sun,
King Sukjong		Widow of a previous king
Birth mother		Queen Dowager HyeonryeolQueen MyeongseongCheongpung KimYi Yeon,
King Hyeonjong		1674 – 21 January 168421 January 1684
Yi Yun,
King Gyeongjong		Widow of a previous king
Step-mother		Queen Dowager HyesunQueen InwonGyeongju KimYi Sun,
King Sukjong		1720 – 11 October 172411 October 1724
Yi Geum,
King Yeongjo		Widow of a previous king
Sister-in-law		Queen Dowager GyeongsunQueen SeonuiHamjong EoYi Yun,
King Gyeongjong		1724 – 12 August 173012 August 1730
Yi San,
King Jeongjo		Widow of a previous king
Step-grandmother		Queen Dowager YesunQueen JeongsunGyeongju KimYi Geum,
King Yeongjo		27 April 1776 – 18 August 180011 February 1805
Yi Gong,
King Sunjo		Widow of a previous king
Step-mother
Adopted mother		Queen DowagerQueen HyouiCheongpung KimYi San,
King Jeongjo		18 August 1800 − 10 April 182110 April 1821
Yi Hwan,
King Heonjong		Widow of a previous king
Grandmother		Queen Dowager MyeonggyeongQueen SunwonAndong KimYi Gong,
King Sunjo		183421 September 1857
Birth motherQueen Dowager HyoyuQueen SinjeongPungyang JoYi Yeong,
Crown Prince Hyomyeong		1834 – 18574 June 1890
Yi Byeon,
King Cheoljong		Legal sister-in-law
Widow of a previous king
Legal niece-in-law		Queen Dowager MyeongheonQueen HyojeongNamyang HongYi Hwan,
King Heonjong		25 July 1849 – 1857
(as daebi)
1857 – January 1895
(as wangdaebi)
January 1895 − 13 October 1897
(as wangtaehu)		2 January 1904
Yi Hui,
King Gojong		Widow of a previous king
Widow of a previous king
Legal aunt-in-law		Queen Dowager MyeongsunQueen CheorinAndong KimYi Byeon,
King Cheoljong		1863 – 12 June 1878
(as daebi)		12 June 1878

Korean Empire

EmperorRelationship with empress dowagerEmpress dowagerClanHusbandTenureDeath
Honorary namePosthumous name
Yi Hui,
Emperor Gwangmu		Widow of a previous kingEmpress Dowager MyeongheonQueen HyojeongNamyang HongYi Hwan,
King Heonjong		13 October 1897 – 2 January 19042 January 1904

Grand queens dowager

KingRelationship with grand queen dowagerGrand Queen dowagerClanHusbandTenureDeath
Honorary namePosthumous name
Yi Hyeol,
King Seongjong		Widow of a previous king
Grandmother		Grand Queen Dowager JaseongQueen JeonghuiPapyeong YunYi Yu,
King Sejo		1469 – 6 May 14836 May 1483
Yi Yung,
Prince Yeonsan		Widow of a previous king
Grand aunt-in-law		Grand Queen Dowager MyeonguiQueen AnsunCheongju HanYi Hwang,
King Yejong		1494 – 3 February 14993 February 1499
GrandmotherGrand Queen Dowager InsuQueen SohyeCheongju HanYi Jang,
Crown Prince Uigyeong		1494 – 11 May 150411 May 1504
Yi Hwan,
King Myeongjong		Widow of a previous king
Birth mother		Grand Queen Dowager SeongryeolQueen MunjeongPapyeong YunYi Yeok,
King Jungjong		1545 – 5 May 15655 May 1565
Yi Jong,
King Injo		Widow of a previous king
Step-grandmother		Grand Queen Dowager MyeongryeolQueen InmokYeonan KimYi Yeon,
King Seonjo		1624 – 13 August 163213 August 1632
Yi Yeon,
King Hyeonjong		Widow of a previous king
Step-grandmother		Grand Queen Dowager JauiQueen JangnyeolYangju JoYi Jong,
King Injo		1659 – 20 September 168820 September 1688
Yi Sun,
King Sukjong		Widow of a previous king
Step-great-grandmother
Yi Geum,
King Yeongjo		Widow of a previous king
Step-mother		Grand Queen Dowager HyesunQueen InwonGyeongju KimYi Sun,
King Sukjong		1724 – 13 May 175713 May 1757
Yi Gong,
King Sunjo		Widow of a previous king
Step-great-grandmother		Grand Queen Dowager YesunQueen JeongsunGyeongju KimYi Geum,
King Yeongjo		18 August 1800 − 11 February 180511 February 1805
Yi Hwan,
King Heonjong		Widow of a previous king
Grandmother		Grand Queen Dowager MyeonggyeongQueen SunwonAndong KimYi Gong,
King Sunjo		1834 − 21 September 185721 September 1857
Yi Byeon,
King Cheoljong		Widow of a previous king
Adopted mother
Second cousin-in-lawGrand Queen Dowager HyoyuQueen SinjeongPungyang JoYi Yeong,
Crown Prince Hyomyeong		21 September 1857 − 4 June 18904 June 1890
Yi Hui,
King Gojong		Adopted mother

See also

Notes

References

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