The 32nd Canadian Parliament was in session from April 14, 1980, until July 9, 1984. The membership was set by the 1980 federal election on February 18, 1980, and it only changed slightly due to resignations and by-elections prior to being dissolved before the 1984 election.

32nd Parliament of Canada
Majority parliament
14 April 1980 – 9 July 1984
Parliament leaders
Prime
Minister
Pierre Trudeau
3 Mar 1980 – 30 Jun 1984
John Turner
30 Jun 1984 – 17 Sep 1984
Cabinets22nd Canadian Ministry
23rd Canadian Ministry
Leader of the
Opposition
Joe Clark
March 3, 1980 (1980-03-03) – February 1, 1983 (1983-02-01)
Erik Nielsen (interim)
February 2, 1983 (1983-02-02) – August 28, 1983 (1983-08-28)
Brian Mulroney
August 29, 1983 (1983-08-29) – September 16, 1984 (1984-09-16)
Party caucuses
GovernmentLiberal Party
OppositionProgressive Conservative Party
RecognizedNew Democratic Party
UnrecognizedSocial Credit Party*
* Only in the Senate.
House of Commons

Seating arrangements of the House of Commons
Speaker of the
Commons
Jeanne Sauvé
April 14, 1980 (1980-04-14) – January 15, 1984 (1984-01-15)
John Allen Fraser
January 16, 1984 (1984-01-16) – November 4, 1984 (1984-11-04)
Government
House Leader
Yvon Pinard
March 3, 1980 (1980-03-03) – June 29, 1984 (1984-06-29)
André Ouellet
June 30, 1984 (1984-06-30) – July 9, 1984 (1984-07-09)
Opposition
House Leader
Walter Baker
April 14, 1980 (1980-04-14) – September 8, 1981 (1981-09-08)
Erik Nielsen
September 9, 1981 (1981-09-09) – February 8, 1983 (1983-02-08)
Doug Lewis
February 9, 1983 (1983-02-09) – September 6, 1983 (1983-09-06)
Erik Nielsen (2nd time)
September 7, 1983 (1983-09-07) – April 5, 1984 (1984-04-05)
Ray Hnatyshyn
April 6, 1984 (1984-04-06) – July 9, 1984 (1984-07-09)
Members282 MP seats
List of members
Senate

Seating arrangements of the Senate
Speaker of the
Senate
Jean Marchand
March 4, 1980 (1980-03-04) – December 15, 1983 (1983-12-15)
Maurice Riel
December 16, 1983 (1983-12-16) – November 1, 1984 (1984-11-01)
Government
Senate Leader
Ray Perrault
March 3, 1980 (1980-03-03) – September 29, 1982 (1982-09-29)
Bud Olson
September 30, 1982 (1982-09-30) – June 29, 1984 (1984-06-29)
Allan MacEachen
June 30, 1984 (1984-06-30) – September 16, 1984 (1984-09-16)
Opposition
Senate Leader
Jacques Flynn
January 1, 1980 (1980-01-01) – January 1, 1984 (1984-01-01)
Senators104 senator seats
List of senators
Sovereign
MonarchElizabeth II
6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022
Sessions
1st session
April 14, 1980 (1980-04-14) – November 30, 1983 (1983-11-30)
2nd session
December 7, 1983 (1983-12-07) – July 4, 1984 (1984-07-04)
← 31st→ 33rd

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority, led first by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and the 22nd Canadian Ministry, and then by Prime Minister John Turner and the 23rd Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party, led first by Joe Clark, and then Brian Mulroney.

The Speaker was Jeanne Sauvé then Cyril Lloyd Francis. See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1976-1987 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were two sessions of the 32nd Parliament:

SessionStartEnd
1stApril 14, 1980November 30, 1983
2ndDecember 7, 1983July 9, 1984

Party standings

The party standings as of the election and as of dissolution were as follows:

AffiliationHouse membersSenate members[1]
1980 election
results
At dissolutionOn election
day 1980[2]
At dissolution
Liberal1471357174
Progressive Conservative1031002723
New Democratic323100
Independent0124
Independent Liberal0011
Social Credit0010
Total members28226710292
Vacant01522
Total seats282104

* After dissolution but before turning over power, Prime Minister John Turner filled ten of the Senate vacancies with Liberal members, for a total caucus of 74.

Members of the House of Commons

Members of the House of Commons in the 32nd parliament arranged by province.

Newfoundland

RidingMemberPolitical party
 Bonavista—Trinity—ConceptionDave RooneyLiberal
 Burin—St. George'sRoger SimmonsLiberal
 Gander—TwillingateGeorge BakerLiberal
 Grand Falls—White Bay—LabradorBill RompkeyLiberal
 Humber—Port au Port—St. BarbeBrian TobinLiberal
 St. John's EastJames McGrathProgressive Conservative
 St. John's WestJohn CrosbieProgressive Conservative

Prince Edward Island

RidingMemberPolitical party
 CardiganDaniel J. MacDonald
to September 30, 1980 (death)
Liberal
 Bennett Campbell
from April 13, 1981
Liberal
 EgmontGeorge HendersonLiberal
 HillsboroughThomas McMillanProgressive Conservative
 MalpequeMelbourne GassProgressive Conservative

Nova Scotia

RidingMemberPolitical party
 Annapolis Valley—HantsPat NowlanProgressive Conservative
 Cape Breton Highlands—CansoAllan MacEachenLiberal
 Cape Breton—East RichmondDavid DingwallLiberal
 Cape Breton—The SydneysRussell MacLellanLiberal
 Central NovaElmer MacKayProgressive Conservative
 Brian Mulroney*Progressive Conservative
 Cumberland—ColchesterRobert CoatesProgressive Conservative
 Dartmouth—Halifax EastMichael ForrestallProgressive Conservative
 HalifaxGerald ReganLiberal
 Halifax WestHoward CrosbyProgressive Conservative
 South ShoreLloyd CrouseProgressive Conservative
 South Western NovaColine CampbellLiberal
* Elmer MacKay resigned his seat to give new Tory leader Brian Mulroney a place in the Commons after an August 1983 by-election.

New Brunswick

RidingMemberPolitical party
 Carleton—CharlotteFred McCainProgressive Conservative
 Fundy—RoyalRobert CorbettProgressive Conservative
 GloucesterHerb BreauLiberal
 Madawaska—VictoriaEymard CorbinLiberal
 MonctonGary McCauleyLiberal
 Northumberland—MiramichiMaurice DionneLiberal
 RestigoucheMaurice HarquailLiberal
 Saint JohnMike LandersLiberal
 Westmorland—KentRoméo LeBlancLiberal
 York—SunburyJ. Robert HowieProgressive Conservative

Quebec

RidingMemberPolitical party
 AbitibiRené GingrasLiberal
 ArgenteuilRobert GourdLiberal
 BeauceNormand LapointeLiberal
 Beauharnois–SalaberryGérald LanielLiberal
 BellechasseAlain GarantLiberal
 Berthier–MaskinongéAntonio YanakisLiberal
 Blainville–Deux-MontagnesFrancis FoxLiberal
 Bonaventure–Îles-de-la-MadeleineRémi BujoldLiberal
 BourassaCarlo RossiLiberal
 ChamblyRaymond DupontLiberal
 ChamplainMichel VeilletteLiberal
 CharlesbourgPierre BussièresLiberal
 CharlevoixCharles LapointeLiberal
 ChâteauguayIan WatsonLiberal
 ChicoutimiMarcel DionneLiberal
 DollardLouis DesmaraisLiberal
 DrummondYvon PinardLiberal
 DuvernayYves DemersLiberal
 FrontenacLéopold CorriveauLiberal
 GamelinArthur PortelanceLiberal
 GaspéAlexander CyrLiberal
 GatineauRené CousineauLiberal
 Hochelaga—MaisonneuveSerge JoyalLiberal
 HullJoseph IsabelleLiberal
 JolietteRoch La Salle*Progressive Conservative
 JonquièreGilles MarceauLiberal
 Kamouraska—Rivière-du-LoupRosaire GendronLiberal
 LabelleMaurice DuprasLiberal
 Lac-Saint-JeanPierre GimaïelLiberal
 LachineRoderick BlakerLiberal
 LangelierJ. Gilles LamontagneLiberal
 La PrairiePierre DenigerLiberal
 LasalleJohn CampbellLiberal
 LaurierDavid BergerLiberal
 LavalMarcel-Claude RoyLiberal
 Laval-des-RapidesJeanne SauvéLiberal
 LévisRaynald GuayLiberal
 Gaston Gourde**Liberal
 LongueuilJoseph Mario Jacques OlivierLiberal
 LotbiniereJean-Guy DuboisLiberal
 Louis-HébertDennis DawsonLiberal
 ManicouaganAndré MaltaisLiberal
 Matapédia–MatanePierre de BanéLiberal
 Mégantic–Compton–StansteadClaude TessierLiberal
 MercierCéline Hervieux-PayetteLiberal
 MissisquoiAndré BachandLiberal
 MontmorencyLouis DuclosLiberal
 Mount RoyalPierre TrudeauLiberal
 Notre-Dame-de-GrâceWarren AllmandLiberal
 OutremontMarc LalondeLiberal
 PapineauAndré OuelletLiberal
 Pontiac-Gatineau-LabelleThomas LefebvreLiberal
 PortneufRolland DionLiberal
 Québec-EstGérard DuquetLiberal
 RichelieuJean-Louis LeducLiberal
 RichmondAlain TardifLiberal
 RimouskiEva CôtéLiberal
 RobervalSuzanne Beauchamp-NiquetLiberal
 RosemontClaude-André LachanceLiberal
 Saint-DenisMarcel Prud'hommeLiberal
 Saint-Henri–WestmountDon JohnstonLiberal
 Saint-HyacintheMarcel OstiguyLiberal
 Saint-JacquesJacques GuilbaultLiberal
 Saint-JeanPaul-André MasséLiberal
 Saint-Léonard–AnjouMonique BéginLiberal
 Saint-MauriceJean ChrétienLiberal
 Saint-MichelMarie Thérèse KillensLiberal
 Sainte-MarieJean-Claude MalépartLiberal
 SheffordJean LapierreLiberal
 SherbrookeIrénée PelletierLiberal
 TémiscamingueHenri TousignantLiberal
 TerrebonneJoseph-Roland ComtoisLiberal
 Trois-RivièresClaude G. LajoieLiberal
 VaudreuilHarold HerbertLiberal
 VerchèresBernard Pierre LoiselleLiberal
 VerdunPierre SavardLiberal
* Roch La Salle resigned from parliament on March 17, 1981, to become leader of Quebec's Union Nationale party. After this party suffered a major defeat in the 1981 Quebec election, La Salle resigned as leader and was re-elected to his old position in an August 17 by-election.
** Raynald Guay left parliament on August 29, 1980, and was replaced by Gaston Gourde in a May 4, 1981, by-election.

Ontario

RidingMemberPolitical party
 AlgomaMaurice FosterLiberal
 BeachesNeil YoungNew Democrat
 Brampton—GeorgetownJohn McDermidProgressive Conservative
 BrantDerek BlackburnNew Democrat
 Broadview—GreenwoodBob RaeNew Democrat
 Lynn McDonald*New Democrat
 Bruce—GreyGary GurbinProgressive Conservative
 Independent Progressive Conservative from December 17, 1981 to January 28, 1982
 Progressive Conservative
 BurlingtonBill KemplingProgressive Conservative
 CambridgeChris SpeyerProgressive Conservative
 CochraneKeith PennerLiberal
 DavenportCharles CacciaLiberal
 Don Valley EastDavid SmithLiberal
 Don Valley WestJohn BosleyProgressive Conservative
 Durham—NorthumberlandAllan LawrenceProgressive Conservative
 Eglinton—LawrenceRoland de CorneilleLiberal
 ElginJohn WiseProgressive Conservative
 ErieGirve FretzProgressive Conservative
 Essex—KentRobert DaudlinLiberal
 Essex—WindsorEugene WhelanLiberal
 Etobicoke CentreMichael WilsonProgressive Conservative
 Etobicoke NorthRoy MacLarenLiberal
 Etobicoke—LakeshoreKen RobinsonLiberal
 Glengarry—Prescott—RussellDenis ÉthierLiberal
 Grey—SimcoeGus MitgesProgressive Conservative
 GuelphJames SchroderLiberal
 Haldimand—NorfolkBud BradleyProgressive Conservative
 HaltonOtto JelinekProgressive Conservative
 Hamilton EastJohn Carr MunroLiberal
 Hamilton MountainIan DeansNew Democrat
 Hamilton—WentworthGeoffrey ScottProgressive Conservative
 Hamilton WestLincoln AlexanderProgressive Conservative
 Stanley Hudecki**Liberal
 Hastings—FrontenacWilliam VankoughnetProgressive Conservative
 Huron—BruceMurray CardiffProgressive Conservative
 Kenora—Rainy RiverJohn Mercer ReidLiberal
 KentMaurice BossyLiberal
 Kingston and the IslandsFlora MacDonaldProgressive Conservative
 KitchenerPeter LangLiberal
 Lambton—MiddlesexRalph FergusonLiberal
 Lanark—Renfrew—CarletonPaul DickProgressive Conservative
 Leeds—GrenvilleThomas CossittProgressive Conservative
 Jennifer Cossitt***Progressive Conservative
 LincolnBryce MackaseyLiberal
 London EastCharles TurnerLiberal
 London WestJudd BuchananLiberal
 Jack BurghardtLiberal
 London—MiddlesexGarnet BloomfieldLiberal
 Mississauga NorthDouglas FisherLiberal
 Mississauga SouthDonald BlenkarnProgressive Conservative
 Nepean—CarletonWalter BakerProgressive Conservative
 Niagara FallsAl MacBainLiberal
 Nickel BeltJudy ErolaLiberal
 NipissingJean-Jacques BlaisLiberal
 NorthumberlandGeorge HeesProgressive Conservative
 OntarioThomas FennellProgressive Conservative
 OshawaEd BroadbentNew Democrat
 Ottawa—CarletonJean-Luc PépinLiberal
 Ottawa CentreJohn EvansLiberal
 Ottawa WestCyril Lloyd FrancisLiberal
 Ottawa—VanierJean-Robert GauthierLiberal
 OxfordBruce HallidayProgressive Conservative
 Parkdale—High ParkJesse FlisLiberal
 Parry Sound—MuskokaStan DarlingProgressive Conservative
 PerthWilliam JarvisProgressive Conservative
 PeterboroughBill DommProgressive Conservative
 Prince Edward—HastingsJack EllisProgressive Conservative
 Renfrew—Nipissing—PembrokeLen HopkinsLiberal
 RosedaleDavid CrombieProgressive Conservative
 SarniaBud CullenLiberal
 Sault Ste. MarieRon IrwinLiberal
 Scarborough CentreNorm KellyLiberal
 Scarborough EastGordon GilchristProgressive Conservative
 Scarborough WestDavid WeatherheadLiberal
 Simcoe NorthDoug LewisProgressive Conservative
 Simcoe SouthRonald StewartProgressive Conservative
 SpadinaPeter StolleryLiberal
 Dan Heap††NDP
 St. CatharinesJoseph ReidProgressive Conservative
 St. Paul'sJohn RobertsLiberal
 Stormont—DundasEd LumleyLiberal
 SudburyDouglas FrithLiberal
 Thunder Bay—AtikokanPaul McRaeLiberal
 Thunder Bay—NipigonJack MastersLiberal
 TimiskamingBruce LonsdaleLiberal
 John MacDougall †††Progressive Conservative
 Timmins—ChapleauRay ChénierLiberal
 TrinityAideen NicholsonLiberal
 Victoria—HaliburtonWilliam ScottProgressive Conservative
 WaterlooWalter MacleanProgressive Conservative
 WellandGilbert ParentLiberal
 Wellington—Dufferin—SimcoePerrin BeattyProgressive Conservative
 WillowdaleJim PetersonLiberal
 Windsor WestHerb GrayLiberal
 Windsor—WalkervilleMark MacGuiganLiberal
 York CentreBob KaplanLiberal
 York EastDavid CollenetteLiberal
 York NorthJohn A. GambleProgressive Conservative
 York—ScarboroughPaul CosgroveLiberal
 York South—WestonUrsula AppolloniLiberal
 York—PeelSinclair StevensProgressive Conservative
 York WestJames FlemingLiberal
* Bob Rae left parliament to become leader of the Ontario NDP and was replaced by Lynn McDonald in 1982.
** Lincoln Alexander left parliament to become head of the Worker's Compensation Board and was replaced by Stanley Hudecki in a 1980 by-election.
*** Thomas Cossitt died in office and was replaced by Jennifer Cossitt in a 1982 by-election
Judd Buchanan resigned from parliament and was replaced by Jack Burghardt in an April 13, 1981, by-election
†† Peter Stollery was appointed to the Senate and was replaced by Dan Heap in an August 17, 1981, by-election
††† Bruce Lonsdale died in office and was replaced by John MacDougall in an October 12, 1982, by-election.

Manitoba

RidingMemberPolitical party
 Brandon—SourisWalter DinsdaleProgressive Conservative
 Lee Clark*Progressive Conservative
 ChurchillRodney MurphyNew Democrat
 DauphinLaverne LewyckyNew Democrat
 LisgarJack MurtaProgressive Conservative
 Portage—MarquetteCharles MayerProgressive Conservative
 ProvencherJake EppProgressive Conservative
 Selkirk—InterlakeTerry SargeantNew Democrat
 St. BonifaceRobert BockstaelLiberal
 Winnipeg NorthDavid OrlikowNew Democrat
 Winnipeg North CentreStanley KnowlesNew Democrat
 Winnipeg—AssiniboineDan McKenzieProgressive Conservative
 Winnipeg—Birds HillBill BlaikieNew Democrat
 Winnipeg—Fort GarryLloyd AxworthyLiberal
 Winnipeg—St. JamesCyril KeeperNew Democrat
* Walter Dinsdale died in office and was replaced by Lee Clark in a May 24, 1983, by-election

Saskatchewan

RidingMemberPolitical party
 AssiniboiaLeonard GustafsonProgressive Conservative
 Humboldt—Lake CentreVic AlthouseNew Democrat
 Kindersley—LloydminsterBill McKnightProgressive Conservative
 MackenzieStanley KorchinskiProgressive Conservative
 Moose JawDouglas NeilProgressive Conservative
 Prince AlbertStan HovdeboNew Democrat
 Qu'Appelle—Moose MountainAlvin HamiltonProgressive Conservative
 Regina EastSimon De JongNew Democrat
 Regina WestLes BenjaminNew Democrat
 Saskatoon EastRobert OgleNew Democrat
 Saskatoon WestRay HnatyshynProgressive Conservative
 Swift Current—Maple CreekFrank HamiltonProgressive Conservative
 The Battlefords—Meadow LakeDouglas AnguishNew Democrat
 Yorkton—MelvilleLorne NystromNew Democrat

Alberta

RidingMemberPolitical party
 AthabascaJack ShieldsProgressive Conservative
 Bow RiverGordon TaylorProgressive Conservative
 Calgary CentreHarvie AndreProgressive Conservative
 Calgary EastJohn KushnerProgressive Conservative
 Calgary NorthFrederick WrightProgressive Conservative
 Calgary SouthJohn ThomsonProgressive Conservative
 Calgary WestJim HawkesProgressive Conservative
 CrowfootArnold MaloneProgressive Conservative
 Edmonton EastWilliam YurkoProgressive Conservative to January 29, 1982
 Independent
 Edmonton NorthSteve PaproskiProgressive Conservative
 Edmonton SouthDouglas RocheProgressive Conservative
 Edmonton WestMarcel LambertProgressive Conservative
 Edmonton—StrathconaDavid KilgourProgressive Conservative
 Lethbridge—FoothillsBlaine ThackerProgressive Conservative
 Medicine HatBert HargraveProgressive Conservative
 Peace RiverAlbert CooperProgressive Conservative
 PembinaPeter ElzingaProgressive Conservative
 Red DeerGordon TowersProgressive Conservative
 VegrevilleDon MazankowskiProgressive Conservative
 WetaskiwinKenneth SchellenbergerProgressive Conservative
 YellowheadJoe ClarkProgressive Conservative

British Columbia

RidingMemberPolitical party
 BurnabySvend RobinsonNew Democrat
 CapilanoRon HuntingtonProgressive Conservative
 Cariboo—ChilcotinLorne GreenawayProgressive Conservative
 Comox—Powell RiverRaymond SkellyNew Democrat
 Cowichan—Malahat—The IslandsJames ManlyNew Democrat
 Esquimalt—SaanichDonald MunroProgressive Conservative
 Fraser Valley EastAlexander PattersonProgressive Conservative
 Fraser Valley WestRobert WenmanProgressive Conservative
 Kamloops—ShuswapNelson RiisNew Democrat
 Kootenay East—RevelstokeSid ParkerNew Democrat
 Kootenay WestLyle KristiansenNew Democrat
 Mission—Port MoodyMark RoseNew Democrat
 Gerry St. Germain*Progressive Conservative
 Nanaimo—AlberniEdward MillerNew Democrat
 New Westminster—CoquitlamPauline JewettNew Democrat
 North Vancouver—BurnabyChuck CookProgressive Conservative
 Okanagan NorthVincent DantzerProgressive Conservative
 Okanagan—SimilkameenFrederick KingProgressive Conservative
 Prince George—Bulkley ValleyRobert McCuishProgressive Conservative
 Prince George—Peace RiverFrank Oberle, Sr.Progressive Conservative
 Richmond—South DeltaTom SiddonProgressive Conservative
 SkeenaJames FultonNew Democrat
 Surrey—White Rock—North DeltaBenno FriesenProgressive Conservative
 Vancouver CentrePat CarneyProgressive Conservative
 Vancouver EastMargaret Ann MitchellNew Democrat
 Vancouver KingswayIan WaddellNew Democrat
 Vancouver QuadraBill ClarkeProgressive Conservative
 Vancouver SouthJohn FraserProgressive Conservative
 VictoriaAllan McKinnonProgressive Conservative
* Mark Rose left Parliament and was replaced by Gerry St. Germain in an August 29, 1983, by-election

Territories

RidingMemberPolitical party
 NunatsiaqPeter IttinuarNew Democrat to November 26, 1982
 Liberal (crossed the floor)
 Western ArcticDave NickersonProgressive Conservative
 YukonErik NielsenProgressive Conservative

By-elections

By-electionDateIncumbentPartyWinnerPartyCauseRetained
Mission—Port MoodyAugust 29, 1983Mark Rose    New DemocraticGerry St. Germain    Progressive ConservativeResignationNo
Central NovaAugust 29, 1983Elmer M. MacKay    Progressive ConservativeBrian Mulroney    Progressive ConservativeResignation to provide a seat for MulroneyYes
Brandon—SourisMay 24, 1983Walter Dinsdale    Progressive ConservativeLee Clark    Progressive ConservativeDeath (kidney failure)Yes
Broadview—GreenwoodOctober 12, 1982Bob Rae    New DemocraticLynn McDonald    New DemocraticResigned to become leader of New Democratic Party of OntarioYes
Leeds—GrenvilleOctober 12, 1982Tom Cossitt    Progressive ConservativeJennifer Cossitt    Progressive ConservativeDeath (heart attack)Yes
TimiskamingOctober 12, 1982Bruce Lonsdale    LiberalJohn A. MacDougall    Progressive ConservativeDeath (car accident)No
SpadinaAugust 17, 1981Peter Stollery    LiberalDan Heap    New DemocraticCalled to the SenateNo
JolietteAugust 17, 1981Roch La Salle    Progressive ConservativeRoch La Salle    Progressive ConservativeResignation to contest the 1981 Quebec electionYes
LévisMay 4, 1981Raynald Guay    LiberalGaston Gourde    LiberalResignationYes
London WestApril 13, 1981Judd Buchanan    LiberalJack Burghardt    LiberalResignationYes
CardiganApril 13, 1981Daniel J. MacDonald    LiberalW. Bennett Campbell    LiberalDeathYes
Hamilton WestSeptember 8, 1980Lincoln Alexander    Progressive ConservativeStan Hudecki    LiberalResignationNo


References

  • Government of Canada. "22nd Ministry". Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation. Privy Council Office. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
  • Government of Canada. "23rd Ministry". Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation. Privy Council Office. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
  • Government of Canada. "32nd Parliament". Members of the House of Commons: 1867 to Date: By Parliament. Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-12-20. Retrieved 2006-11-30.
  • Government of Canada. "Duration of Sessions". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2007-11-14. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
  • Government of Canada. "General Elections". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-05-04. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
  • Government of Canada. "Key Dates for each Parliament". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2005-09-14. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
  • Government of Canada. "Leaders of the Opposition in the House of Commons". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
  • Government of Canada. "Party Standings (1974 to date): At the Senate". Library of Parliament. Retrieved 2007-04-24.
  • Government of Canada. "Prime Ministers of Canada". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
  • Government of Canada. "Speakers". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 2006-09-17. Retrieved 2006-05-12.

Succession