L2HGDH

This gene encodes L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent enzyme that oxidizes L-2-hydroxyglutarate to alpha-ketoglutarate in a variety of mammalian tissues. Mutations in this gene cause L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, a rare autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder resulting in moderate to severe mental retardation.^[6]

L2HGDH codes for a protein that is 50 kDa in size. The L2HGDH protein contains a mitochondrial-targeting transit peptide^[7] and is localized to the mitochondrial inner membrane inside mitochondria inside the cell. The L2HGDH protein catalyzes the following reaction, and requires flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a co-factor:

(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.^[5]

L-2-hydroxyglutarate is produced by promiscuous action of malate dehydrogenase on 2-oxoglutarate; the L2HGDH protein is thus an example of a metabolite repair enzyme because it reconverts the useless damage product L-2-hydroxyglutarate back to 2-oxoglutarate.

Mutations in the L2HGDH gene cause L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, a rare autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder. Individuals with L2HGDH mutations present toxic accumulation of high concentration of L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.^[8] At least 70 disease-causing variants in the L2HGDH gene have been discovered in patients.^[9] Patients with L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria are associated with moderate to severe mental retardation, psychomotor retardation, cerebellar ataxia, macrocephaly, or epilepsy.^[9]

L2HGDH has a role in mediating differentiation in T-cells via its activity on S-2HG^[10]

KLK10^[11]

• D2HGDH
• 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase
• 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
• Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase